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Morphological Indices and Carcass Measurements of Indigenous Breeds of Rams Intensively Fattened
Akinleye Sule Bamidele
,
Luka Sabo James
,
Afolabi Kolawole Daniel
,
Akinsola Saheed Olatunde
,
Adeyemi Saheed Abimbade
Issue: Volume 8, Issue 5, September 2020
Pages: 110-116
Received: 26 May 2020
Accepted: 22 July 2020
Published: 28 September 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20200805.14
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Abstract: Growth rate assessment is an important husbandry practice often carried out in livestock breeding and fattening. Meat production is the most important trait in the breeding objectives of sheep production. Useful information on the suitability of the animals for meat production could be evaluated on a morphological basis. The aim of this study was to investigate breed differences in liveweight, carcass traits and muscle distribution for meat characteristics among Balami (BA), Uda (UD), Yankasa (YK) and West African Dwarf rams (WAD). A total of forty-eight rams were randomly assigned into four groups of twelve rams per breed in a completely randomized design. Body linear measurements were obtained weekly during the fattening period. At the end of the feeding trial, animals were subjected to an 18-hours fast and slaughtered for carcass measurements and muscle distribution. Results showed that BA and UD had higher values for body length (115.75±4.25 and110.25±1.89cm), withers height (70.50±5.57and69.00±2.16cm) and heartgirth (92.00±2.94and84.00±1.41cm), than YK (96.50±3.87, 60.75±3.30 and 76.75±0.96cm), respectively which in turn had higher values than WAD (86.50±5.20, 53.25±5.32 and 75.25±3.30cm). Carcass length, pistol length, and leg length were75.75±4.79,60.75±7.14 and 88.00±2.16; 75.50±4.66, 56.00±5.00 and 80.25±5.80; 59.00±7.79, 56.00±10.62 and 71.50±2.65; 60.50±3.11, 53.75±5.91 and 61.00±2.94cm for BA, UD, YK and WAD rams, respectively. BA and UD had higher proportion of muscle distribution and were generally better than the YK and WAD breeds. This may boost their potential for large scale meat production under fattening conditions.
Abstract: Growth rate assessment is an important husbandry practice often carried out in livestock breeding and fattening. Meat production is the most important trait in the breeding objectives of sheep production. Useful information on the suitability of the animals for meat production could be evaluated on a morphological basis. The aim of this study was t...
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Scrotal Morphometric Properties of Yearling West African Dwarf Goats Fed Cashew Nut Shell Based Diets
Ocheja Josiah Omachi
,
Torhemen Micheal
,
Abalaka Ezra Onuh
,
Akinleye Sule Bamidele
,
Shaibu Peace Ojochide
,
Ali Peter Anyo
,
Faruna Samuel Sule
,
Odiba Arome Abdulkadir
Issue: Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages: 80-83
Received: 04 June 2020
Accepted: 03 July 2020
Published: 05 August 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20200804.13
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Abstract: Sixteen (16) yearling male West African dwarf goats were allotted into four (4) treatment of four goats each. The goats were fed diets containing varying levels of cashew nutshell 0% (T1, control), 10%(T2), 15% (T3) and 20%(T4) at 150g per goat per day and Guinea grass at 500g per goat per day for sixty three (63) days, to determine the effects of cashew nut shell based diets on the scrotal morphometric characteristics of the Goats. The scrotal morphometric measurements were taken before the commencement of the experiment and again on the last day of the experiment. The daily forage intake, and daily dry matter intake values were both significantly different, the daily supplement intake values were not significantly different. The values for final scrotal length, and circumference, were not significant. The final scrotal circumference (14.40–16-50 cm) showed significant (p<0.05) difference, the values for increase in scrotal length were slightly significant (p<0.05) and did not follow any definite trend, values for scrotal weight ranged from 48.90–66.80g and showed significant (p<0.05) differences with T2. having the highest the right and left testicular weights were both significantly (P.<0.05) different. It was there for concluded that the diets containing cashew nut shell had better scrotal morphometric values the control, with T2 (10% cashew nut shell) being the best. The inclusion of cashew nut shell in diets for Goats at 10% level was therefore recommended. Further research using other breeds and classes of goats as well as other species of ruminants were also recommended.
Abstract: Sixteen (16) yearling male West African dwarf goats were allotted into four (4) treatment of four goats each. The goats were fed diets containing varying levels of cashew nutshell 0% (T1, control), 10%(T2), 15% (T3) and 20%(T4) at 150g per goat per day and Guinea grass at 500g per goat per day for sixty three (63) days, to determine the effects of ...
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Carcass Yield and Sensory Evaluation of Meat from Rabbits Fed Some Browse Plants Supplemented with a Concentrate Diet
Usman Grace Ojali
,
Netela Jibrin
,
Omale Yusuf Zainab
,
Omada Unekwuojo Juliet
,
Lamido Mohammed
,
Dauda Adamu Nuhu
,
Abalaka Ezra Onuh
Issue: Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages: 76-79
Received: 29 April 2020
Accepted: 10 June 2020
Published: 05 August 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20200804.12
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Abstract: Sixteen (16) male Rabbits were allotted into four (4) dietary treatments of four Rabbits each. They were fed concentrate diet and Bamboo, Senna, Gmelina and Teak leaves for 42 days, water was served ad-libitum, at the end of the feeding period 2 rabbits from each treatment were slaughtered and used for the evaluation of carcass yield and sensory properties All the values for carcass yield showed significant (P<0.05) difference across the treatment means, values for dressing percentage ranged from 51.50- 58%, while that for meat to bone ratio had a range of 2.80- 3.50. Values for Juiciness, palatability and over all meat quality were significantly (p<0.05) different across the treatment means. Flavor, tenderness and leanness were however not significant (p>0.05) T1 (Bamboo) had the best value for overall meat quality with a score of 16.6. It was concluded that the browse species significantly (p<0.05) influenced, the carcass yield and sensory properties of the rabbit meat. T1 (bamboo) had the best values for carcass yield and sensory properties. Bamboo was therefore recommended for rabbit feeding for improved carcass yield and sensory properties.
Abstract: Sixteen (16) male Rabbits were allotted into four (4) dietary treatments of four Rabbits each. They were fed concentrate diet and Bamboo, Senna, Gmelina and Teak leaves for 42 days, water was served ad-libitum, at the end of the feeding period 2 rabbits from each treatment were slaughtered and used for the evaluation of carcass yield and sensory pr...
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Characteristics of Indigenous Chicken of the North Central Agro-ecological Zone of Nigeria
Okoh Joseph Joseph
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Haruna Alkali
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Yakubu Ibrahim
,
Ma’aruf Bashir Sani
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Bala Dafur
,
Odiba Arome Abdulkadir
,
Torhemen Michael
Issue: Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2020
Pages: 60-64
Received: 17 December 2019
Accepted: 24 February 2020
Published: 28 June 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20200803.13
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Abstract: The study assessed the productive performance of adult indigenous chicken from four Nigerian states of the North Central Zone namely; Nasarawa, Niger, Benue, Kogi and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Data were collected at both Out and On-station. The result showed that flock structure was in proportion of 28, 21.4, 23.2 and 27.5% for cock, hen, growers and chicks. Chi-square showed significant difference (P<0.001) by state. Clutch size ranged from 10.84±0.23 to 11.45±0.23 in FCT and Nasarawa state. On-station clutchsize was 13.11±0.23. There was significant difference (P<0.001) by site while state has similar values. Age at first egg, clutch number and hatchability did not vary significantly. However, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in Chick mortality which ranged from 43.19 to 53.89% in Benue and the FCT. On-stationmortality was 26.78%. Correlation coefficient between egg and production traits showed that most correlation traits were significant at 1%. Only number of chicks hatched, egg wasted, egg width and length and mortality were correlated at 5%. Some common diseases showed that Newcastle is the most prevalent 63.22%. Farmers attached a high preference to keeping male chicken for sale rather than breeding purposes. The high hatchability is an indication of good reproductive performance in the chickens of the study area. Improvement in management practices and vaccination against Newcastle disease should be adopted to curtail its devastating effect on indigenous chicken production in the study area.
Abstract: The study assessed the productive performance of adult indigenous chicken from four Nigerian states of the North Central Zone namely; Nasarawa, Niger, Benue, Kogi and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Data were collected at both Out and On-station. The result showed that flock structure was in proportion of 28, 21.4, 23.2 and 27.5% for cock, hen...
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Growth Performance, Carcass Quality, Organ Weights and Haematology of Broilers Fed Graded Dietary Levels of Turmeric (Curcuma longa l) Powder as Feed Additive
Paul Milverton Eko
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Kolawole Daniel Afolabi
,
Glory Eddy Enyenihi
Issue: Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2020
Pages: 65-70
Received: 20 April 2020
Accepted: 22 May 2020
Published: 28 June 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20200803.14
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Abstract: The growth performance, carcass qualities, organs weight and haematology of ninety-six (96) day-old Agritech broiler birds fed Turmeric powder additive were evaluated. The birds were reared on deep litter system and were randomly allotted to four (4) treatments of graded dietary levels (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5%) of Turmeric powder denoted as; T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Each treatment with 24 birds was also replicated thrice with 8 birds per replicate in a Completely randomized design for 56 days. Performance indicators measured included feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass and organ weights and haematological parameters. Results showed that turmeric additive elicited significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) across treatments. Bodyweight gain (2113.00g) and feed conversion ratio (2.02) were significantly higher in broilers fed diets with 1.5% turmeric powder (T2) than those on other treatments. Turmeric additive also improved the carcass and organ weights as well as the haematological parameters in which the erythrocytic and leukocytic counts were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05) in T2, T3 and T4 except for the control. However, the overall positive effect of turmeric powder in broiler diet was observed in T2 (1.5%) following improved feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio and this inclusion level is advocated while further research in other avian species available in warm wet regions of Nigeria is suggested.
Abstract: The growth performance, carcass qualities, organs weight and haematology of ninety-six (96) day-old Agritech broiler birds fed Turmeric powder additive were evaluated. The birds were reared on deep litter system and were randomly allotted to four (4) treatments of graded dietary levels (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5%) of Turmeric powder denoted as; T1, T2, T...
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Principal Component Analysis of Body Measurements of Yankassa Sheep in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Adejoh Christiana Ojonegecha
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Musa Abdulraheem Arome
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Okoh Joseph Joseph
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Okolo Freedom Atokolo
,
Emmanuel Amanabo Theophilus
,
Efienokwu Jude
Issue: Volume 8, Issue 2, March 2020
Pages: 45-50
Received: 07 November 2019
Accepted: 26 April 2020
Published: 03 June 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20200802.12
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Abstract: Yankasa sheep play a vital role in food security and the livelihood of smallholder farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship amongst body measurements. A total of 126 extensively reared Yankasa rams, between 15.5 – 28.3 months of age, were randomly selected for the study. Data on body measurements were collected and subjected to correlation, principal component (PC), and step-wise multiple regression analyses. We found that mean body measures ranged from 11.2cm for scrotal circumference (SC) to 71.9cm for chest girth (CG), and the coefficient of variation ranged from 10.7%for height at withers (HW) to 30.3%forBW. All body measures, except ear length, were significantly (P<0.01) associated with BW. All body measures, except ear length, were significantly (P<0.01) associated with BW. Of all body measures, CG, rump width (RW), and neck circumference (NC) were the most associated with BW, with correlation coefficients of 0.83, 0.8, and 0.79, respectively, while neck length, ear width, and tail length were the least associated with correlation coefficients of 0.21, 0.33, and 0.46. Three principal components from the factor analysis of body measurements explained about 64% of the total variance. Regression models using original morphometric traits as predictors explained up to 80% of the variation in body weight, while PC explained up to 75%. This study shows that body measurements, such as CG, RW, and NC, could serve as markers for BW in Yankasa sheep.
Abstract: Yankasa sheep play a vital role in food security and the livelihood of smallholder farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship amongst body measurements. A total of 126 extensively reared Yankasa rams, between 15.5 – 28.3 months of age, were randomly selected for the study. Data on body measurements were collected and subjected to correl...
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Serum Biochemistry of West African Dwarf Goats Fed, Some Browse Species Supplemented with a Concentrate Diet
Oyibo Amina
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Efienoku Jude
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Shettima Ibrahim
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Umar Abdullahi Yaro
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Ahmed Sule Hassanatu
,
Emmanuel Amanabo Theophilus
,
Adamu Abdulmajid Tsobaza
Issue: Volume 8, Issue 2, March 2020
Pages: 41-44
Received: 17 October 2019
Accepted: 17 February 2020
Published: 13 April 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20200802.11
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Abstract: Sixteen West African dwarf bucks) were allotted into four (4) treatments of four goats each. The goats were fed leaves fromGmelina, (Gmelinaaborea) Tamarind, (Tamarindusindicus, Neem (Azadirachtaindica) and Teak (Tectonagrandis) at 300g/goat/day forTreatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively and a concentrate supplement diet at 100gper goat/dayfor a duration of thirty five (35) days. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, data were analysed using a one way analysis of variance and least significant difference to separate the significant means. Concentrate and browse samples were analysed using the methods of AOAC, the blood samples for serological studies were collected in sample bottles from the jugular veins of the goats, using needles and syringes. Values for daily supplement intake (75.33 – 94.43g), daily browse intake (134.22 – 245.44g) and total daily feed intake (225.53 – 339.87g) were significantly different at 5% level, values for urea (0.84 – 1.38Mmol/l), cholesterol, (4.83 – 6.02) creatinine (16.00 – 18.50mol/l, and blood sugar (38.96 – 44.32mg/dl) were significantly different, alkaline phosphate values ranged from 56.93 – 58.20 and were not significantly different. It was therefore concluded that the four browse species were safe for the goats, nutrients in the concentrate diets and the four browse species were adequate for the goats. Gmelinaarborea was the most preferred by the goats in terms of intake, The four browse species were therefore recommended for goat feeding especially during the long dry season. Further research using other breeds and classes of goats as well as other species of ruminants such as sheep and cattle was also recommended.
Abstract: Sixteen West African dwarf bucks) were allotted into four (4) treatments of four goats each. The goats were fed leaves fromGmelina, (Gmelinaaborea) Tamarind, (Tamarindusindicus, Neem (Azadirachtaindica) and Teak (Tectonagrandis) at 300g/goat/day forTreatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively and a concentrate supplement diet at 100gper goat/dayfor a dura...
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Haematological Traits and Serum Biochemistry of Grasscutters Fed Elephant Grass Supplemented with Concentrate
Gboshe Peter Noah
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Ebiloma Stella Osarenakhue
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Shettima Ibrahim
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Boyi Prince Ufedojo
,
Netala Jibrin
Issue: Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages: 29-35
Received: 13 November 2019
Accepted: 28 January 2020
Published: 01 April 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20200801.14
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Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the haematological and serum biochemical indices of Grasscutters fed elephant grass supplemented with different levels of concentrate. A total of fifty grower Grasscutters were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups of 10 Grasscutters each with 5 replicates with two animals serving as a replicate. The experimental treatments consisted of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9% respectively of concentrate feed supplements which were served at their weekly live weight. The results showed that, except the haemoglobin and blood platelets, all others blood indices measured had no significant (P>0.05) effect. However, Packed cell volume (PCV) (41.61 -41.93%), White blood cells-WBC (2.50 - 2.55 (x 103/ μl), red blood cells-RBC (4.95 - 5.35 x 106/ μl), mean corpuscular volume-MCV (89.25 - 90.80 fl), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin-MCH (25.35 - 25.90 pg) and Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration MCHC (28.10 - 29.20 g/dl) and haemoglobin-Hb (12.07 - 12.55 g/dl). The results of the serum biological indices showed that total protein was not significantly affected except its fractions. Serum glucose, cholesterol, enzymes and ions except potassium were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the test, however these values were within the normal range for grasscutters when compared to other researchers. It was therefore concluded that, basal feed of elephant grass supplemented with concentrate can be fed without any adverse effect on the blood profile of grasscutters.
Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the haematological and serum biochemical indices of Grasscutters fed elephant grass supplemented with different levels of concentrate. A total of fifty grower Grasscutters were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups of 10 Grasscutters each with 5 replicates with two animals serving as a replicate. The experim...
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Performance and Carcass Characteristics of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Cassava Peel Meal Partially Replaced with Sugarcane Peel Meal
Peter Noah Gboshe
,
Bassey Asuquo Ukorebi
Issue: Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages: 36-40
Received: 13 November 2019
Accepted: 28 January 2020
Published: 01 April 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20200801.15
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Abstract: A 90-day feeding trial involving 20, 4-5-month old West African Dwarf bucks was carried out to evaluate the performance, carcass and its by-products characteristics expressed as percentage of their live weight in a completely randomized design. The animals were fed cassava peel meal partially replaced by sugarcane peel meal at dietary levels of 100, 75, 50, 25, 0 and 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% for T1, T2 T3 T4, respectively. The parameters measured were performance traits, carcass and by-products characteristics. From the parameters evaluated, feed intake (280.74-349.77 g/day), daily body weight gain (32.22-45.88 g/kg), total weight gain (3.17-4.13 kg), final body weight (11.38-12.33 kg), daily water intake (665.55-838.55 ml), and feed conversion ratio (7.63-8.83) were significantly affected. Carcass characteristics, loin, and back expressed as percentage live weight were significantly affected. While dressing percentage, live weight, carcass weight, rib, shoulder neck, thigh% and the by-products parameters evaluated which were also expressed as percentage live weight were not significantly affected. The non-enlargement of other visceral organs such as lungs, liver, heart, kidney, spleen, testes, full gut and empty gut in this study is an indication that, the peel meals does not have any negative effect on the development of the whole cuts. It is therefore, safe for goats’ feeding and could be incorporated as feeds ingredients in their feeding which can help, not only to reduce cost of production but also to increase meat production.
Abstract: A 90-day feeding trial involving 20, 4-5-month old West African Dwarf bucks was carried out to evaluate the performance, carcass and its by-products characteristics expressed as percentage of their live weight in a completely randomized design. The animals were fed cassava peel meal partially replaced by sugarcane peel meal at dietary levels of 100...
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Performance and Feed Bio Economics of Growing West African Dwarf Goats Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Steam-Treated Cashew Nut Shell
Ocheja Josiah Omachi
,
Usman Grace Ojali
,
Ahmed Sule Hassanatu
,
Boyi Prince Ufedojo
,
Akoh Josiah Omale
,
Adamu Abdulmajid Tsobaza
,
Eboh Sule
Issue: Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages: 14-18
Received: 01 October 2019
Accepted: 12 November 2019
Published: 31 January 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20200801.12
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Abstract: Studies on cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut shell meal for feeding West African dwarf goats were carried out. Four diets containing 0% (control), 10%, 15% and 20% steam-treated cashew nut shell coded as T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, were compared. Twenty growing, West African dwarf goats were randomly assigned to four (4) treatments of five (5) goats each. The goats were fed and given water ad libitum. The effects of feeding graded levels of cashew nut shell based diets on performance and, Bio-economics were evaluated. Completely randomized design was used in the experiments. Data obtained were subjected to a one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means that were significantly different were separated using least significant difference (LSD) both contained in SPSS for window, version 16. Samples of the diets and bamboo leaves were analyzed using standard procedure. Final weight gain, total weight gain daily weight gain, (5.0g, T4 – 13.00g, T4gW0.75) daily supplement intake (44.65g, T4-91.54g, T1) and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P<0.05) different across the treatments. Values for initial weights and forage intake, were not significantly different (P>0.05). Cost of supplement reduced significantly (P<0.05) from T1 to T4. Cost benefit ratio ranged from 0.79 (T2-1.63 (T4) and showed significance differences. This study indicated that cashew nut shell could be fed to growing West African dwarf goats up to 10% level of inclusion without adverse effects on feed intake, growth performance, and feed conversion ratio. Diets containing graded levels of cashew nut shell could also provide a cheaper source of feed, and also help to reduce environmental pollution.
Abstract: Studies on cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut shell meal for feeding West African dwarf goats were carried out. Four diets containing 0% (control), 10%, 15% and 20% steam-treated cashew nut shell coded as T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, were compared. Twenty growing, West African dwarf goats were randomly assigned to four (4) treatments of five ...
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