American Journal of Internal Medicine

Special Issue

Dyslipidemia: Flash Back and Vision Ahead

  • Submission Deadline: 10 October 2020
  • Status: Submission Closed
  • Lead Guest Editor: Prabhash Manoria
About This Special Issue
Dyslipidemia is the most common, major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (ASCVD). We have witnessed the statin era for last 30 years and they have emerged as powerful agents both for secondary prevention of ASCVD and primary prevention in high risk patients. They decrease low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) by 1 mmol and this translates into a reduction of cardiovascular events by 20-24% irrespective of base line LDL-C levels and this is achieved with great safety. Ezetimibe has shown to produce additional decrease in cardiovascular events on top of moderate intensity statin simvastatin in post acute coronary syndrome patients in the IMPROVE IT trial in 2014. The benefit was mainly seen in diabetic patients. In 2015 two fully humanized Proprotein Convertase subtilisin/ kexin 9 monoclonal antibodies (PCSK9 MoAbs), evolocumab and alirocumab were approved for clinical use and they have shown an additional reduction of LDL-C by 1-1 ½ mmol on top of all lipid-lowering therapy including statin and ezetimibie. PCSK9 has now become a validated target after two landmark cardiovascular outcome trials FOURIER and ODYSSEY. They have evoked a new concept of super low LDL (25-50 mg/dl) which has shown incremental benefit with incredible safety in patients with stable ASCVD (FOURIER Trial) and post ACS patients (ODYSSEY Trial) with LDL>70 mg/dL on top of all lipid lowering therapy. These agents are approved for clinical use by several Guidelines for patients of ASCVD with LDL-C > 70 mg/ dL, familial hypercholesterolemia and statin intolerance. Inclisiran which is a small interfering ribonucleic acid has shown a sustained decrease in LDL-C by 50% lasting for 6 months following a single injection It is emerging as a very important competitor for PCSK9 MoAbs. PCSK9 vaccine is a new therapeutic innovation and a single injection decrease LDL by 50% lasting for one year. The animal data is out and human data is keenly awaited. Active interest and research continues unabated in dyslipidemia to further optimize the results and we have not yet reached end of the road.

Aims and Scope:

  1. Dyslipidemia
  2. Statins
  3. Ezetimibe
  4. PCSK9 inhibitors
  5. Inclisran
  6. PCSK9 vaccine
Lead Guest Editor
  • Prabhash Manoria

    Past National President Cardiological Society of India and Past National president Association of Physicians of India, Bhopal, India

Guest Editors
  • Sanjeevi Narasingan

    M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Center, Chennai, India

  • Peeyush Jain

    Fortis-Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India

  • Rajeev Agarwala

    Jaswant Rai Specialty Hospital, Meerut, India

  • Saumitra Ray

    Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata, India

  • Mrinal Kanti Das

    C.K. Birla Group of Hospitals (BM Birla & CMRI), Kolkata, India

Published Articles
  • Statins: The Backbone of Treatment of Dyslipidemia

    Satyavir Yadav , Sundeep Mishra , Rajeev Agarwala

    Issue: Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
    Pages: 76-82
    Received: 23 September 2020
    Accepted: 08 February 2021
    Published: 09 March 2021
    DOI: 10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.13
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    Abstract: Statins are a panacea for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and primary prevention in high-risk individuals. They are very well tolerated and side effects like muscle toxicity and increased risk of new onset of diabetes are seen in a minority of cases. They are also recommended in diabetic patient because the benefit is... Show More
  • Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Improving Outcomes with Newer Agents

    Saumitra Ray , Biswarup Sarkar

    Issue: Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2020
    Pages: 279-284
    Received: 23 September 2020
    Accepted: 15 October 2020
    Published: 16 November 2020
    DOI: 10.11648/j.ajim.20200806.17
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    Abstract: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the commonest autosomal dominant genetic disorders which affects lipoprotein metabolism in the body, causing thereby severe hypercholesterolemia, mainly contributed by high level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc). This causes polyvascular premature atherosclerosis with significant mortality, ... Show More
  • Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Flash Back and Vision Ahead

    Prabhash Chand Manoria , Pankaj Manoria , Rajesh Kumar Shrivastava , Sharad Kumar Parashar

    Issue: Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2020
    Pages: 274-278
    Received: 23 September 2020
    Accepted: 26 October 2020
    Published: 16 November 2020
    DOI: 10.11648/j.ajim.20200806.16
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    Abstract: Dyslipidemia is the most common modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). There is unequivocal evidence that Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) is the main culprit. Statins, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/ Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are used to target LDL-C. Statin is al... Show More
  • Anti-PCSK9 Vaccines - An Emerging Therapeutic Innovative Game Changer in Dyslipidemia and Beyond

    Mrinal Kanti Das , Tapan Sinha , Mahesh Kumar Chaudhary

    Issue: Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2020
    Pages: 250-253
    Received: 23 September 2020
    Accepted: 15 October 2020
    Published: 26 October 2020
    DOI: 10.11648/j.ajim.20200806.11
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    Abstract: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease (PCSK9) regulates the cholesterol metabolism by genetic mechanism mediating the LDL receptor degradation. Gain of the functions of the PCSK9 variants resulted in high level of LDL-cholesterol and loss of function in low level of the LDL-cholesterol level. The low level of LDL-cholesterol... Show More