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Analyses of Chloroplast Genomic and Morphological Evolutionomy of Yulania Sprengeri and Two New Confusable Species (Magnoliaceae)
Da-Li Fu
,
Bing-Hong Xiong
,
Xun Chen
,
Wen-Xiao Tian
,
Lei Du
Issue: Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages: 212-223
Received: 28 August 2019
Accepted: 16 September 2019
Published: 23 September 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20190705.17
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Abstract: To scientifically solve the taxonomical confusion of Yulania sprengeri (Pamp.) D. L. Fu in the world, the chloroplast genomic sequences of four confusable species were assembled and compared with the other species of Yulania Spach by means of the typical algorithm. The results indicated that the evolutionary system of Yulania Spach includes four natural sections: Y. sect. Yulania, Y. sect. Buergeria (Sieb. & Zucc.) D. L. Fu, Y. sect. Rosula D. L. Fu, sect., nov., and Y. sect. Tulipastrum (Spach) D. L. Fu, which all have the same boundaries: PHS (17bp) = 0.96. The species Y. sprengeri (Pamp.) D. L. Fu belong to sect. Yulania, but several confusable species such as Y. diva (Stapf. ex Dandy) D. L. Fu, sp. transl. nov., Y. urceolata D. L. Fu, B. H. Xiong et X. Chen, sp. segregat. nov., Y. pendula D. L. Fu, sp. nov. and Y. viridula D. L. Fu, T. B. Zhao et G. H. Tian belong to the new section Rosula D. L. Fu. According to International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Y. sprengeri (Pamp.) D. L. Fu is proposed for conservation and emended with the conserved type (D. L. Fu 2017100803, CAF). The misidentified epitype of Magnolia sprengeri, the illustration in Flora of Trees of China, differing taxonomically, selected as Lectotype, with almost equal specimen, paratype (D. L. Fu 2017093001, CAF) from Weining County, Guizhou province of China, was segregated as a new species, Y. urceolata D. L. Fu, B. H. Xiong et X. Chen. The other new confusable species, Y. pendula D. L. Fu, is described and illustrated based on the holotype (D. L. Fu 2012040201, CAF) from Sichuan province of China, which was once misidentified as Y. biondii (Pamp.) D. L. Fu or Y. sprengeri (Pamp.) D. L. Fu. The typci-evolutionary characters including diagnostic differences and particularity of the new section and two new species, are given respectively. The evolutionary system scientifically overcomes the partiality and subjectivity of past taxonomical systems of Yulania Spach of Magnoliaceae Juss.
Abstract: To scientifically solve the taxonomical confusion of Yulania sprengeri (Pamp.) D. L. Fu in the world, the chloroplast genomic sequences of four confusable species were assembled and compared with the other species of Yulania Spach by means of the typical algorithm. The results indicated that the evolutionary system of Yulania Spach includes four na...
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Two Particularly Evolutionary Loci of matK of cpDNA of Genera of Magnoliaceae
Da-Li Fu
,
Yue Qin
,
Dao-Shun Zhou
,
Run-Mei Duan
,
Hao Fu
Issue: Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages: 224-228
Received: 29 August 2019
Accepted: 16 September 2019
Published: 23 September 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20190705.18
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Abstract: In order to quickly identify Magnoliaceae plants and scientifically correct the misidentification of the samples of chloroplast complete genomes in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) database, total 260 samples of Magnoliaceae, 196 of Yulania Spach, 40 of Magnolia L., 19 of Michelia L., and 5 of Liriodendron L. were collected and the partial sequences of matK gene were amplified and sequenced respectively. The results indicated that there are two particular loci in the partial sequences, matK (...AAGNAATGATTGTATAA...CCAAAAATMGACAAGGTG...) (N = A, G; M = A, G, T) of Magnoliaceae, which can be used to identify the family because they are not possessed by other families. They are also PEL (particularly evolutionary loci) of genera of Magnoliaceae, which can be used to quickly identify the genera of the family, for all samples of the genus of Yulania Spach with the loci of matK (...AAGGAATGATTGTATAA...CCAAAAATAGACAAGGTG...), all samples of Magnolia L. with matK (...AAGGAATGATTGTATAA...CCAAAAATGGACAAGGTG...), all samples of Michelia L. with matK (...AAGAAATGATTGTATAA...CCAAAAATGGACAAGGTG...), and all samples of Liriodendron L. with matK (...AAGGAATGATTGTATAA....CCAAAAATTGACAAGGTG...). So, In four genera of Magnoliaceae, Yulania Spach, Michelia L. and Liriodendron L. have the respective PEL, and Magnolia L. can also be easily identified for having the oppositely evolutionary loci of other 3 genera. Based on the two PEL, the misidentified samples of chloroplast complete genome in NCBI were listed, which included 11 samples of Yulania Spach and 3 samples of Michelia L.. Being simple and reliable, PEL is a scientific method to identify the evolutionary taxa, which can effectively overcome the limitations of being partial and subjective in Taxonomy and Phylogeny.
Abstract: In order to quickly identify Magnoliaceae plants and scientifically correct the misidentification of the samples of chloroplast complete genomes in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) database, total 260 samples of Magnoliaceae, 196 of Yulania Spach, 40 of Magnolia L., 19 of Michelia L., and 5 of Liriodendron L. were colle...
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Two Particularly Evolutionary Loci of trnL-ndhJ of cpDNA of Yulania Baotaina, a New Species (Magnoliaceae) from China
Da-Li Fu
,
Qun Zhang
,
Min Xu
,
Dao-Shun Zhou
,
Yue Qin
,
Yin-Meng Li
Issue: Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages: 229-233
Received: 30 August 2019
Accepted: 16 September 2019
Published: 23 September 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20190705.19
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Abstract: The partial sequence of trnL-ndhJ of chloroplast genome ofthe new species of the genus Yulania Spach of Magnoliaceae, Yulania baotaina D. L. Fu, Q. Zhang et M. Xu, collected from Baotai Mountain of Yongping County of Yunnan province of China, and the similar species, Y. campbellii (Hook. f. et Thoms.) D. L. Fu, collected from Yongping and Gongshan county of Yunnan, and Yadong county of Xizang, were amplified and sequenced respectively, which were compared with 39 samples of the chloroplast complete genomes of Magnoliaceae in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) database. The results indicated that Y. baotaina has two PEL (particularly evolutionary loci): trnL-ndhJ (...TTTCATTTCGGAATTTCCTATTTTCTT...) not possessed by others, and the oppositely evolutionary loci of transversions trnL-ndhJ (...TTTCATTTCTGAATTTCATATTTTCTT...) is possessed by all contrasted experimental materials and most simples of Magnoliaceae in NCBI. So the new species was described and illustrated. Its floral buds cylindrical, ovaries subcordiform, and peduncles of flower and fruits obviously elongate are particular, which can be easily distinguished to the similar species and all other ones in the genus. The new species is distributed in Hengduan Mountain of west Yunnan province and south Xizang Autonomous Region at an altitude of 1900~3000 m, a colloquial name is Mulianhua, just as the similar species Y. campbellii. The designated type of the new species was collected from Baotai Mountain of Yongping County at altitude of 2600 m and kept at the Chinese Academy of Forestry. This paper will provide a new research method that can be easily verified for the evolutionary taxonomy and the new science of evolutionomy.
Abstract: The partial sequence of trnL-ndhJ of chloroplast genome ofthe new species of the genus Yulania Spach of Magnoliaceae, Yulania baotaina D. L. Fu, Q. Zhang et M. Xu, collected from Baotai Mountain of Yongping County of Yunnan province of China, and the similar species, Y. campbellii (Hook. f. et Thoms.) D. L. Fu, collected from Yongping and Gongshan ...
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Two PEL of cpDNA of Magnolia Accisa, a New Species (Magnoliaceae) from China
Da-Li Fu
,
Hao Fu
,
Run-Mei Duan
Issue: Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages: 234-238
Received: 31 August 2019
Accepted: 16 September 2019
Published: 23 September 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20190705.20
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Abstract: Magnolia sect. Rytidospermum Spach is an important taxon and has an important position in the evolutionary and taxonomic system of Magnoliaceae. A new species of the section was discovered in the investigation of the plant resources in China, named Magnolia accisa D. L. Fu, H. Fu et R. M. Duan, sp. nov. for its leaves with accisus apices and viridescent lower surfaces, which had been confused with M. officinalis var. biloba Rehd. & Wils. for many years. In order to determine its evolutionary taxonomic status, two similar species, M. officinalis Rehd. & Wils. with the variety M. officinalis var. biloba Rehd. & Wils, and M. rostrata W. W. Smith also collected, and two partial sequences of chloroplast genome, matK and trnL-ndhJ, were amplified and sequenced respectively. The partial sequences were analyzed and compared with 39 samples of the chloroplast complete genomes of Magnoliaceae in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) database, and the results indicated that the new species Magnolia accisa has two PEL (particularly evolutionary loci): matK (...ACAAGGTGGGATTTCCA...) and trnL-ndhJ (...GTCTAGTCTATAGGAGT...), for that the oppositely evolutionary loci of matK (...ACAAGGTGAGATTTCCA...) and trnL-ndhJ (...GTCTAGTCTAGAGGAGT...) are possessed by all other contrasted samples including the experimental materials and the data of NCBI of Magnoliaceae. So, the new species is described and illustrated according International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, which will speed up the investigation of plant resources of Magnoliasect. Rytidospermum Spach in China.
Abstract: Magnolia sect. Rytidospermum Spach is an important taxon and has an important position in the evolutionary and taxonomic system of Magnoliaceae. A new species of the section was discovered in the investigation of the plant resources in China, named Magnolia accisa D. L. Fu, H. Fu et R. M. Duan, sp. nov. for its leaves with accisus apices and viride...
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An Evolutionary Particularity Principle for Evolutionary System of Classes of Fructophyta
Issue: Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages: 191-199
Received: 23 August 2019
Accepted: 28 August 2019
Published: 20 September 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20190705.15
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Abstract: Fructophyta D. L. Fu & H. Fu, a new division established in 2018, including all fruit or flowering plants, conventionally named as angiosperms, occupy the highest evolutionary phylum taxa and an important position in terrestrial ecosystems and human wellbeing, whose origin and evolution had always been thought as puzzling. To scientifically settle the puzzle and using the evolutionary continuity principle of new science of Evolutionomy, the author proposed that evolutionary taxa should have particularly evolutionary characters to be distinguished to the closer taxa, which could be called evolutionary particularity principle. Based on the principle, the evolutionary system of five classes of Fructophyta D. L. Fu & H. Fu can be affirmed, which is a system of dichotomous evolution. Two new classes, Leguminopsida D. L. Fu and Scutellopsida D. L. Fu, are established based on the common particularity of evolutionary characters, legume and scutellum, respectively. Three old classes are selected as Magnoliopsida Brongn., Rosopsida Batsch and Monocotyledonopsida Benth. et Hook. based on the evolutionary continuity principle, and some evolutionary characters such as flower disks, pseudanthic inflorescences, and syncarpous pistils with serrate leaves were first to be used for the class classification of Rosopsida Batsch, which will make an important advancement in the taxonomy of fruit or flowering plants. The evolutionary particularity principle is a new scientific basis for the new science of Evolutionomy, which can also scientifically overcome the limitations of partiality and subjectivity in the tree of life or phylogenetic system.
Abstract: Fructophyta D. L. Fu & H. Fu, a new division established in 2018, including all fruit or flowering plants, conventionally named as angiosperms, occupy the highest evolutionary phylum taxa and an important position in terrestrial ecosystems and human wellbeing, whose origin and evolution had always been thought as puzzling. To scientifically settle ...
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Analyses of Chloroplast Genomic and Morphological Evolutionomy of Yulania Subsect. Cylindricae (Magnoliaceae)
Da-Li Fu
,
Hao Fu
,
Yue Qin
,
Dao-Shun Zhou
,
Run-Mei Duan
Issue: Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages: 200-211
Received: 23 August 2019
Accepted: 28 August 2019
Published: 20 September 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20190705.16
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Abstract: To scientifically settle the puzzle of origin of fruit plants, the chloroplast genomic sequences of three species of Yulania subsect. Cylindricae (Spongb.) D. L. Fu, subsect. comb. nov. (Magnoliaceae) were determined, which were compared with some taxa by means of the typical algorithm, a new method for genomic evolutionomy based on the evolutionary continuity principle. The results indicated that among some representative species of Gymnospermophyda, Yulania puberula D. L. Fu, sp. nov. has the closest relatively evolutionary relationship with Ginkgo biloba, not with the species of Cycas, Welwitschia or Ephedra, which indicated that fruit plants originated from Ginkgoopsida, not from Cycadopsida thought by the euanthium-theory or Chlamydopsermopsida thought by the pseudoanthium-theory. Among some representative species of Fructophyta, Ginkgo biloba has the closest relatively evolutionary relationship with Yulania puberula indicating that the new species is the relatively most primitive species of fruit plants, which is consistent with the results of morphological evolutionomy. The evolutionary system of Magnoliaceae includes 4 natural genera: Yulania Spach, Magnolia L., Michelia L. and Liriodendron L., whose boundaries all are PHS(17bp)=0.93. Furthermore Yulania subsect. Cylindricae and its three species were described or emended. The holotype of new species of Yulania puberula was designated, whose main typici-evolutionary characters, including diagnostic differences and particularities, was given and illustrated. The epitype of Y. shizhenii was designated and four synonyms of Y. cylindrica were listed. Typical algorithm is a scientific method of genomic evolutionomy and a scientifically new tool to solve the puzzle of evolutionomy of fruit plants.
Abstract: To scientifically settle the puzzle of origin of fruit plants, the chloroplast genomic sequences of three species of Yulania subsect. Cylindricae (Spongb.) D. L. Fu, subsect. comb. nov. (Magnoliaceae) were determined, which were compared with some taxa by means of the typical algorithm, a new method for genomic evolutionomy based on the evolutionar...
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