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Conservation and Restoration of the Manuscript Book from Schiefling am Wörthersee
Darja Harauer,
Anja Props,
Natasha Petelin,
Stanka Grkman,
Mateja Kotar,
Lucija Planinc
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
208-213
Received:
30 August 2021
Accepted:
4 October 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: The manuscript from Schiefling am Wörthersee originates from the early 19th century and contains the transformation of the German translation of Mistical City of God, a narrative written by Spanish nun María de Jesús de Agreda (1602–1665) about the lives of Jesus and Mary. It is written in the local dialect typical of the Schiefling am Wörthersee parish, and that is why it constitutes an important part of the written cultural heritage, especially for Slovenians in Austrian Carinthia. Because the manuscript book was damaged, it was not available to users in the Klagenfurt Diocesan Archives, where it is stored. At the custodian’s proposal, the Restoration and Conservation Centre of the Archives of the Republic of Slovenia performed all the necessary conservation and restoration work in order to make the manuscript book usable again and preserve it for our descendants. The text block, which is 302 mm high, 196 mm wide and about 50 mm thick, has 128 leaves folded in ten quires, and the contents are written in iron-gall ink. The text block was merely inserted into the leather cover, without any visible traces of the structural elements that usually bind the text block with the cover. Based on the size of the cover, which differed from the size of the text block, the cover must have originally belonged to another book. Based on a precise inspection of the condition of the manuscript, we carried out the following conservation-restoration treatments: unbinding of the text block, dry cleaning of surfaces, measurement of the paper's pH, fibre identification, ink identification, text block leaf restoration, text block sewing, binding reconstruction and rearrangement of the existing cover to fit the given text block. To protect it permanently, we also made a custom-made protective box for the manuscript book. The conservation-restoration treatments performed are the result of the knowledge and experience of decades of team work of conservers-restorers of the Restoration and Conservation Centre of the Archives of the Republic of Slovenia and professional developments in this field.
Abstract: The manuscript from Schiefling am Wörthersee originates from the early 19th century and contains the transformation of the German translation of Mistical City of God, a narrative written by Spanish nun María de Jesús de Agreda (1602–1665) about the lives of Jesus and Mary. It is written in the local dialect typical of the Schiefling am Wörthersee p...
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Socio-Economic Effects and Prospects of Oromo-Somali Conflicts: The Case of Miesso District of Oromia, and Mullu District of Somali Regional States, Eastern Ethiopia
Abdurahman Ousman Dansa,
Abadir Youya Musa,
Mohammedjuhar Musa Adame
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
214-228
Received:
11 October 2021
Accepted:
9 November 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the socio-economic effects and prospects of capacities of sustainable peace surrounding the conflicts between Oromo-Somali PAP groups in the study area. Conflicts between Oromo and Somali PAP groups have existed in different forms for centuries. A number of empirical studies were conducted on the effects of Oromo-Somali conflicts between the PAP groups in a generic manner. Nonetheless, earlier studies have methodological dearth in pinpointing conflict of interests between range resources users, the main effects of conflicts and prospects of peace in the study area. So, it needs to bridge existing information and knowledge gaps. Hence, 160 PAP households were randomly selected to facilitate primary data collection by using household survey. Qualitative data were also collected by using key informant interviewees (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Descriptive research design; descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. The proportion of sample households composed of 49% of Oromo and 51% Somali groups. The result of findings showed death and injury, internal displacement, destruction of infrastructure and public services, weakening of customary institutions; loss of household assets and livelihoods, weakening government capacity, land degradation and fertility deterioration due to lack of natural resources management were also found the socio-economic impacts of violent conflicts. Traditional customary and formal security institutions were found the important factors of capacities of peace. Strengthening the formal and customary institutions in defining and enforcing property rights, limiting opportunistic behavior would help significantly to maintain rule of law and ensure sustainable peace. Sustainable development interventions and looking for alternative solution to the degrading and deteriorating resource environment are critical to reduce vulnerability in the study area.
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the socio-economic effects and prospects of capacities of sustainable peace surrounding the conflicts between Oromo-Somali PAP groups in the study area. Conflicts between Oromo and Somali PAP groups have existed in different forms for centuries. A number of empirical studies were conducted on the effects of Oromo-Som...
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Community Political Participation at the Election of Regional Head in Indonesia
Arief Januwarso,
Agus Sukristiyanto,
Arief Darmawan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
229-233
Received:
16 October 2021
Accepted:
12 November 2021
Published:
23 November 2021
Abstract: The lack of public participation in the Election of Regional Head (Regent) is a big challenge that must be resolved by the government, especially the General Election Commission (KPU), as happened in the 2014 simultaneous elections. Regional General Election Commission (KPUD) has made various efforts to increase public participation in regent election and minimized the number of abstentions. This study aims to determine the participation of the people of East Java in the election of regents, especially in Bojonegoro Regency in 2018, and in Tuban and Lamongan regencies in 2020, after various efforts were made by the KPU in the regions to increase community participation. The study used a qualitative-descriptive approach; research data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews and document analysis. The results of the study showed that there were increases in public participations in the regent elections, namely, in Bojonegoro Regency by 8%, Tuban Regency by 24%, and Lamongan Regency by 15%; however, none of the vote support for the elected pair reached 50% plus 1. The percentages of participants, from the total voters in the Final Voter List (DPT), were only 28% in Bojonegoro Regency, 25.6% in Tuban Regency, and 32% in Lamongan Regency. There is a concern that this condition may reduce the legitimacy of the authority of the elected pairs; in other words, the elected pairs may not have received adequate public support.
Abstract: The lack of public participation in the Election of Regional Head (Regent) is a big challenge that must be resolved by the government, especially the General Election Commission (KPU), as happened in the 2014 simultaneous elections. Regional General Election Commission (KPUD) has made various efforts to increase public participation in regent elect...
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Jews and the Year 1933: German Jews and the Question of Resistance
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
234-244
Received:
14 June 2021
Accepted:
7 July 2021
Published:
23 November 2021
Abstract: The article is based on a research of Jewish journals in the German language written in the 30s of the last century. It deals with the response of Jewish institutions, but mainly of Jewish journals (Many newspaper are archived under DigiBaeck https://www.lbi.org/collections/digibaeck/) to the assumption of power by the Nazis in 1933. It especially focuses on the Jewish Culture League and its umbrella union, the Reichsverband der jüdischen Kulturbünde (=Reich Association of Jewish Culture Leagues, from 1937). It is written from a perspective of understanding the historical context without adopting the position of a distanced spectator; it closely follows Marion Kaplan [8] by telling the story of Jews from the bewildered and ambiguous perspective of Jews trying to navigate their daily lives in a world that was becoming more and more insane. The paradoxical partnership that emerged between the Kulturbund theatre and the Nazis is emblematic of the complexities and concessions that mark the broader phenomenon of “art-making under duress” [13] Answering the charge that Jews should have left earlier, the questions remains if the Holocaust was possible to foresee. Fundamental ethical issues are raised, and questions of utilitarian ethics emerge, e.g. choices between a greater or lesser evil [1]. Are some of the responses a hard-won victory for the Jews, making life bearable and being a moral support, or was the non-resistance a deal with the devil that lulled the Jewish population into a false sense of security (Alan Steinweis). Were the Jews led to believe that Nazi-Germany could still be a home, and were some Jews falsely pacified, being stopped from seeking emigration while slowly a ghetto was built around the majority to be transported to the gas chambers? Is the way of manoeuvring through acceptable? Or has this compromising furthered the agenda of the Nazis? Would less cooperation between the Jewish organizations and the Nazi authorities have made possible for more Jews to have been saved, as stated most prominently by Hannah Arendt? Can we judge on this evidently life-supporting institution without considering the subsequent murder of many of its functionaries (e.g. Kurt Singer) and subsequent mass-murders? Were the Jewish leaders simply, as Arendt suggested, in the grip of ideology or did they act out of pure stupidity?
Abstract: The article is based on a research of Jewish journals in the German language written in the 30s of the last century. It deals with the response of Jewish institutions, but mainly of Jewish journals (Many newspaper are archived under DigiBaeck https://www.lbi.org/collections/digibaeck/) to the assumption of power by the Nazis in 1933. It especially ...
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Early and Cumulative Breakdown in Childhood and Adolescence, as Antecedents of Pervasive Guilt in the Self-Experience of Adults
Noga Levine Keini,
Vardit Zerem Ullman
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
245-250
Received:
27 October 2021
Accepted:
15 November 2021
Published:
23 November 2021
Abstract: Background: As part of the human experience, the phenomenon of guilt feelings is widely known and has over time been subjected to extensive research in the field of psychoanalysis. Objection: The present article examines the contribution of Kohut's self-psychology to the question of guilt and its impacts on the self. Method: A concept is proposed according to which early childhood experiences are recorded in the young mind as a form of guilt. Referred to as narcissistic guilt, it is an emotion that colors the individual's entire being. Two clinical case studies are presented, involving Holocaust survivors who experienced guilt for having remained alive without being able to save their family members. Result: The patients feeling of guilt is all-encompassing, leading them to regard themselves as rotten to the core. Many describe the tragedy as involving them in some way, with their being complicit, with guilt feelings haunting them unrelentingly, often in the form of nightmares. Conclusion: We propose to consider guilt as a narration to its observers of the tragic life circumstances of the patient, of the destruction that they encountered in their environments, long before they were able to process these tragic circumstances. These gave rise to pervasive guilt that colors and defines the totality of the person.
Abstract: Background: As part of the human experience, the phenomenon of guilt feelings is widely known and has over time been subjected to extensive research in the field of psychoanalysis. Objection: The present article examines the contribution of Kohut's self-psychology to the question of guilt and its impacts on the self. Method: A concept is proposed a...
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Administrative Challenges and Practices of Civil Service Reform Implementation: The Case of Haro Limu District in Oromia Region
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
251-257
Received:
15 October 2021
Accepted:
11 November 2021
Published:
24 November 2021
Abstract: Civil service reform is wide ranging areas of public administration adopted by developed and developing countries. This is due to ever increasing change in economic, social, political, and technological environment has demanded more efficient and effective management systems However, the implementation process of the reform tends to became complex because of various institutional challenges. The main objective of this study is to examine administrative challenges in the implementation of civil service reform in Haro Limu District. In order to achieve this objective, descriptive research design and combination of quantitative and qualitative research approach was employed. In this study, the researcher used both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data were gathered through questionnaire, interview and focus group discussion while secondary data were gathered from books, journals, articles both published and unpublished and official documents from Haro Limu District. Questionnaires were distributed and administered by the researcher with the help of enumerators. Structured questionnaires were filled by the sample respondents from five selected civil service sectors. Interviews were conducted with five management officials from five selected public offices to attain profound information. Similarly, FGD was conducted with employees selected purposively from civil service sectors. Data collected from different sources were analyzed and interpreted through quantitative and qualitative techniques. The finding of the study identified some interrelated administrative challenges in the implementation of CSR in the study area. These are low commitment and competency of management officials and employees; lack of accountability and professionalism; low recognition of reform standards; lack of fair selection, evaluation and promotion of employees; lack of advanced measurement standards; lack of adequate training, lack of incentives and rewards for good performers and lack of regular supervision and monitoring. Based on the identified problems, the following possible recommendations were provided. Strengthening capacity building, enhancing the cooperation between management officials and employees, ensuring accountability of management officials and employees, enhancing human resource management, allocating adequate budget, promoting effective communication between public sectors and strengthening regular supervision and monitoring for the effective implementation of civil service reform in the study area.
Abstract: Civil service reform is wide ranging areas of public administration adopted by developed and developing countries. This is due to ever increasing change in economic, social, political, and technological environment has demanded more efficient and effective management systems However, the implementation process of the reform tends to became complex ...
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Social Status and Class Identity of the Organized Working Class in Serbia
Nada Novakovic,
Marija Obradovic
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
258-272
Received:
15 October 2021
Accepted:
13 November 2021
Published:
27 November 2021
Abstract: This article explores the relationship between the European identity of the organized working class and its class power in Serbian society. We understand the collective European identity of the organized working class in Serbia to primarily mean adherence to the European social model embodied in collective bargaining, that is, in a social dialogue among social partners: the trade unions, employers, and the state. The European identity of the organized working class in Serbia is also reflected in its support for the values of human rights, private property, the market economy, and multi-party parliamentary democracy. We understand “trade union power” to mean the extent of its capacity to achieve set goals. That is, how much the commitment and the efforts of the representative trade unions in Serbia: The Confederation of Autonomous Trade Unions of Serbia (SSSS/CATUS) and The Trade Union Confederation (UGS/TUC) “Nezavisnost” („Independence”) to join the European trade union movement and become members of the European Trade Union Confederation, the only representative European trade union organization and the recognized social partner at the level of the European Union, contributed to the more prominent role and a more remarkable power of these trade unions in Serbia. Our research is based on the critical discourse analysis (CDA) – discourse-historical approach (DHA), and economic history context.
Abstract: This article explores the relationship between the European identity of the organized working class and its class power in Serbian society. We understand the collective European identity of the organized working class in Serbia to primarily mean adherence to the European social model embodied in collective bargaining, that is, in a social dialogue ...
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The Archive Owners of the Montevergine State Library
Domenico Donato De Falco,
Giuseppe Macchia,
Sabrina Tirri
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
273-279
Received:
1 June 2021
Accepted:
15 June 2021
Published:
2 December 2021
Abstract: The Montevergine State Library is an Italian public library depending on the Minister of Culture. It was originally an ecclesiastical library which, in the second half of the 19th century, became public following the enactment of the laws on suppression of the religious corporations. It is located inside the Loreto Abbey Palace in Mercogliano (Avellino, Italy). Nowadays the Montevergine State Library is a modern office offering all tipical public libraries services, including document reproduction, local loan and interlibrary loan. Logging in the institutional website of the Montevergine State Library, you can consult the Archive Owners in the Special Catalogues section. The books, especially the ancient ones, are filled with ex-libris, stamps, manuscript annotations, bindings, etc. These indications, although are signs that smear the books, nevertheless are elements that must be taken into account when cataloguing a book and describing the specimen you own. In 2013 a new version of the library's website was released and on that occasion the Archive Owners was implemented. Its original nucleus was derived from the systematic work of cataloguing the 16th century editions possessed: this work started in 2002 and ended in 2015 with the publication of the printed catalogue Le cinquecentine della Biblioteca di Montevergine. A large sample of possession notes are present on the 1050 editions of the sixteenth century owned by the Montevergine State Library; the right prominence was given to these notes in the Archive Owners published on the institutional website. The work is still in progress, in fact the Archive is integrated from time to time whenever there is a new note of possession on the books present in the library. In most cases it was possible to draw up a complete biographical record of the owner, also accompaned by photos, one or more.jpg files in which the various formulas used by the owner are scanned and the links to bibliographic information in the library's opac.
Abstract: The Montevergine State Library is an Italian public library depending on the Minister of Culture. It was originally an ecclesiastical library which, in the second half of the 19th century, became public following the enactment of the laws on suppression of the religious corporations. It is located inside the Loreto Abbey Palace in Mercogliano (Avel...
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Research on the Key Path to Improve the Collaborative Innovation Performance of Port Logistics Enterprise Cluster
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
280-289
Received:
13 November 2021
Accepted:
6 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Under the new pattern of international and domestic double circulation, the scale of China's port logistics enterprise cluster is expanding, but the innovation difficulty of cluster enterprises is increasing sharply, the innovation power of core technology is insufficient, there are some problems, such as focusing on agglomeration rather than cooperation, the integration of industrial chain and innovation chain is not close, and the choice of innovation path is improper. The method and purpose of this paper are based on the theory of collaborative innovation, establish a structural equation model, empirically test the logistics clusters with ports above designated size in China, and put forward the key path for the collaborative innovation of port logistics enterprise clusters, and improve the collaboration degree and innovation performance of cluster enterprises. The empirical results show that the external environment of collaborative innovation (EECCI), the innovation learning ability of cluster enterprises (ILACE) and the cluster enterprises cooperation (CEC) can directly or indirectly affect the cluster collaborative innovation performance (CCIP), and the innovation learning ability of cluster enterprises (ILACE) plays a mediating role between the external environment of collaborative innovation (EECCI) and the cluster collaborative innovation performance (CCIP). Port logistics enterprise clusters need to develop environmental governance, knowledge governance, information governance and other mechanisms to promote collaborative innovation in the industrial chain, technology chain and value chain.
Abstract: Under the new pattern of international and domestic double circulation, the scale of China's port logistics enterprise cluster is expanding, but the innovation difficulty of cluster enterprises is increasing sharply, the innovation power of core technology is insufficient, there are some problems, such as focusing on agglomeration rather than coope...
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Intervention-based Puberty Program: A Study on the Tendency of Afghan female youths to Engage in High-risk Behaviours in Iran
Hamideh Addelyan Rasi,
Laleh Golamrej Eliasi,
Alireza Moula,
Hadi Farahani
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
290-297
Received:
25 November 2021
Accepted:
8 December 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
Abstract: Risky behaviours are one of the major problems for adolescents. These behaviours are rooted in physical, sexual, mental, and social changes. This study aims at designing a puberty training program for Afghan female youths in Iran and assesses its effectiveness in reducing their tendency to high-risk behaviour. The aim of this study is in line with the fifth goal of Sustainable Development Goals which is "Gender equality". This study provides Afghan girls with easy access to information on puberty and its issues. Forty-three Afghan adolescent girls were selected through a random sampling method and organized into three intervention groups. The participants were given trainings on the physical symptoms of puberty, early/late puberty, genital anatomy, menstruation and hygiene, psychological changes symptoms, sexual relationships, sexually transmitted diseases, peer pressure, and addiction. The intervention consisted of seven sessions. Thirty-eight participants in the control group received no intervention. The Iranian adolescents' risk-taking scale was used to measure the dependent variable at baseline and completion of the program. The results showed that there were significant decreases in the tendency to smoke, substance abuse, alcohol consumption, and unprotected sexual relationships in the intervention groups (P < 0.01). However, the tendency to violence had no significant differences among the control nor in the intervention groups. This study provides evidence on the effectiveness of puberty training among Afghan adolescent girls with a tendency to engage in high-risk behaviours. Further research on the the immigrant adolescent’s tendency towards violence are recommended. Longitudinal follow-ups are suggested to support the generalization of these kinds of interventions.
Abstract: Risky behaviours are one of the major problems for adolescents. These behaviours are rooted in physical, sexual, mental, and social changes. This study aims at designing a puberty training program for Afghan female youths in Iran and assesses its effectiveness in reducing their tendency to high-risk behaviour. The aim of this study is in line with ...
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Regulating Inter-Ethnic Induced Hate Speech in Ethiopia
Anwar Ahmed,
Abdurahman Ousman Dansa,
Abadir Youya Musa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
298-305
Received:
6 December 2021
Accepted:
25 December 2021
Published:
31 December 2021
Abstract: Freedom of expression is not absolute right and may be restricted for the sake of protecting other fundamental human rights in accordance with law. Online social Media is unlike print media, tend to be unregulated and provide services being manipulated all over the world. Hate speech should not be hided under the protective umbrella of freedom of speech or expression. There must have a clear demarcation between free speech and hate speech. Accordingly, the main objective of the article is to examine international legal instruments, Ethiopian legal frameworks and institutional setting which regulate hate speech. In order to achieve the intended aims, the study employed doctrinal legal research on which legal analysis of the principal legislations. In so doing, the result of findings identified a lot of legal vacuums with regards to hate speech. Further, the existing FDRE proclamation No.1185/2020 provides responsibilities of service provider institutions to suppress and prevent dissemination of hate speech; however, the practical enforcement of hate speech legislation in Ethiopia suffers challenges inter-alia: absence of uniform definition, contents and scope of hate speech, anonymity, jurisdiction etc. Finally, the study used OSCOLA rule of reference in this article.
Abstract: Freedom of expression is not absolute right and may be restricted for the sake of protecting other fundamental human rights in accordance with law. Online social Media is unlike print media, tend to be unregulated and provide services being manipulated all over the world. Hate speech should not be hided under the protective umbrella of freedom of s...
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