International Journal of Materials Science and Applications

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Consolidation of the Paper Works with Cellulose Nanofibers

Received: 20 November 2022    Accepted: 01 March 2023    Published: 16 March 2023
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Abstract

Consolidation is considered as an important step in the conservation of cultural and historical documents and books and the main purpose is to emphasize the strength of the paper support. Consolidant materials are used in the restoration of paper cultural heritage in order to improve the strength of the paper structure, which has decreased due to the passage of time and also the impact of environmental factors. Paper works are gradually degraded by various destructive factors due to their structural properties. For this reason, it is necessary to applying consolidation treatments for strengthening of degraded paper. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of cellulose nanofibers and its use as a consolidant agent to restore durability to paper works. In this study, to consolidation of the paper, cellulose nanofibers with a concentration of 1% by weight were prepared as a suspension with water and used to treat the samples. In order to evaluate the effect of treatment, the samples were exposed to dry- heat and moist-heat aging and pH, colorimetric, and tensile strength tests were performed before and after aging. The results showed that the pH of the samples increased after treatment with cellulose nanofibers. After dry- heat and moist-heat aging, the pH of the samples decreased slightly. Cellulose nanofiber treatment increased the tensile strength of the samples. However, after two stages of aging, the tensile strength of the samples has decreased compared to the previous stage. The use of cellulose nanofiber treatment made the color of the samples brighter but after aging, the brightness of the samples decreased.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231201.12
Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 12, Issue 1, January 2023)
Page(s) 8-14
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cellulose Nanofibers, Paper Restoration, Consolidation, Moist-Heat Aging, Dry-Heat Aging, Nanotechnology

References
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Author Information
  • Department of Calligraphy and Persian Miniature, Faculty of Art, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

  • Department of Conservation of Cultural and Historical Properties, Faculty of Conservation, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

  • Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

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  • APA Style

    Kobra Dadmohamadi, Mohsen Mohammadi Achachluei, Mohammad Taghi Jafari. (2023). Consolidation of the Paper Works with Cellulose Nanofibers. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 12(1), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231201.12

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    ACS Style

    Kobra Dadmohamadi; Mohsen Mohammadi Achachluei; Mohammad Taghi Jafari. Consolidation of the Paper Works with Cellulose Nanofibers. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2023, 12(1), 8-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231201.12

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    AMA Style

    Kobra Dadmohamadi, Mohsen Mohammadi Achachluei, Mohammad Taghi Jafari. Consolidation of the Paper Works with Cellulose Nanofibers. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2023;12(1):8-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231201.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231201.12,
      author = {Kobra Dadmohamadi and Mohsen Mohammadi Achachluei and Mohammad Taghi Jafari},
      title = {Consolidation of the Paper Works with Cellulose Nanofibers},
      journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
      volume = {12},
      number = {1},
      pages = {8-14},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231201.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231201.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20231201.12},
      abstract = {Consolidation is considered as an important step in the conservation of cultural and historical documents and books and the main purpose is to emphasize the strength of the paper support. Consolidant materials are used in the restoration of paper cultural heritage in order to improve the strength of the paper structure, which has decreased due to the passage of time and also the impact of environmental factors. Paper works are gradually degraded by various destructive factors due to their structural properties. For this reason, it is necessary to applying consolidation treatments for strengthening of degraded paper. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of cellulose nanofibers and its use as a consolidant agent to restore durability to paper works. In this study, to consolidation of the paper, cellulose nanofibers with a concentration of 1% by weight were prepared as a suspension with water and used to treat the samples. In order to evaluate the effect of treatment, the samples were exposed to dry- heat and moist-heat aging and pH, colorimetric, and tensile strength tests were performed before and after aging. The results showed that the pH of the samples increased after treatment with cellulose nanofibers. After dry- heat and moist-heat aging, the pH of the samples decreased slightly. Cellulose nanofiber treatment increased the tensile strength of the samples. However, after two stages of aging, the tensile strength of the samples has decreased compared to the previous stage. The use of cellulose nanofiber treatment made the color of the samples brighter but after aging, the brightness of the samples decreased.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Consolidation of the Paper Works with Cellulose Nanofibers
    AU  - Kobra Dadmohamadi
    AU  - Mohsen Mohammadi Achachluei
    AU  - Mohammad Taghi Jafari
    Y1  - 2023/03/16
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231201.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231201.12
    T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    SP  - 8
    EP  - 14
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2643
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231201.12
    AB  - Consolidation is considered as an important step in the conservation of cultural and historical documents and books and the main purpose is to emphasize the strength of the paper support. Consolidant materials are used in the restoration of paper cultural heritage in order to improve the strength of the paper structure, which has decreased due to the passage of time and also the impact of environmental factors. Paper works are gradually degraded by various destructive factors due to their structural properties. For this reason, it is necessary to applying consolidation treatments for strengthening of degraded paper. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of cellulose nanofibers and its use as a consolidant agent to restore durability to paper works. In this study, to consolidation of the paper, cellulose nanofibers with a concentration of 1% by weight were prepared as a suspension with water and used to treat the samples. In order to evaluate the effect of treatment, the samples were exposed to dry- heat and moist-heat aging and pH, colorimetric, and tensile strength tests were performed before and after aging. The results showed that the pH of the samples increased after treatment with cellulose nanofibers. After dry- heat and moist-heat aging, the pH of the samples decreased slightly. Cellulose nanofiber treatment increased the tensile strength of the samples. However, after two stages of aging, the tensile strength of the samples has decreased compared to the previous stage. The use of cellulose nanofiber treatment made the color of the samples brighter but after aging, the brightness of the samples decreased.
    VL  - 12
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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