American Journal of Water Science and Engineering

| Peer-Reviewed |

Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Human Health Risk

Received: 04 September 2016    Accepted: 20 October 2016    Published: 03 November 2016
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Heavy metals are normally occurring elements that have a density at least 5 times higher than of water. Their plentiful domestic, industrial, agricultural and technological usages have led to their widespread distribution in the environment; raising worries over their possible impacts on human health and the environment. The toxicity of heavy metals relies on numerous factors including the dose, method of exposure, and chemical types. This review provides an analysis of heavy metals occurrence, toxicity, and some pollution assessment methods such as the geoaccumulation index, contamination factor, Contamination Degree, Enirchment factor, pollution load index, Ecotoxilogical sense of heavy metals contamination and Risk Assessment of heavy metals consumption.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajwse.20160203.11
Published in American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2016)
Page(s) 14-19
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Health Effects, Environmental Effect, Geoaccumulation Index, Contamination Factor, Contamination Degree, Pollution Load Index, Ecotoxilogical Sense and Risk Assessment

References
[1] Datchaneekul, K. (2005). Removal of heavy metals in synthetic wastewater by adsorption on bentonite. Master's Thesis, Faculty of Graduate, Mahidol University, Thailand.
[2] Dix, H.M. (1981). Environmental Pollution, Jon Wiley and Sons Ltd., New York.
[3] Förstner, U. and Wittman, G. (1981). Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment. Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. N. Y, 486 p.
[4] Al-Yousuf, M. H., El-Shahawi; M. S. and Al-Ghais, S, M. (2000). Trace metals in liver, skin and muscle of Lethrinus lentjan fish species in relation to body length and sex. The Science of The Total Environment. 256. 87-94.
[5] Chiffoleau, J.-F., Auger, D. and Chartier, E. (1999). Fluxes of selected trace metals from the Seine Estuary to the eastern English Channel during the period from August 1994 to July 1995. Continental Shelf Research. 19: 2063-2082.
[6] Zhang, J. and Huang, W. W. (1993). Dissolved trace metals in the Huanghe: the most turbid large river in the world, Water Research, 27: 1-8.
[7] Jain, C. K. and Sharma, M. K. (2001). Distribution of trace metals in the Hindon River system, India. Journal of Hydrology, 253: 81-90.
[8] Laws, E. A. (1945). Aquatic pollution, an introductory text. John Wiley and Son, INC, New York.
[9] Jörgensen, L. A. and Pedersen, B. (1994). Trace metals in fish used for time trend analysis and as environmental indicators. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 28: 235-243.
[10] Hassaan, M. A., El Nemr, A. and Madkour, F. F. (2016). Application of Ozonation and UV assisted Ozonation on Decolorization of Direct Yellow 50 in Sea water, The Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal, 3(2): 131-138.
[11] Alloway. B. J. and Ayres, D. C. (1993). Chemical Principles of Environmental Pollution. Blackie Academic & Professional, an imprint of Chapman & Hall, Wester Cleddens Road, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow.
[12] Lenntech. (2005a). Heavy metals, [Online]. Rotterdam seweg, The Netherlands. Available: http://www.lenntech.com/heavy-metals.htm [2005, August 18].
[13] Extreme health USA. (2005). Toxic heavy metals: sources and specific effect. [Online Available: http://www.extremehealthusa.com/source.himl [2005, August 27]
[14] Gray, N. F. (1999). Water Technology: An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers, Eliane Wigzell, New York.
[15] http://www.lenntech.com/aquatic/toxicity-response.htm
[16] Watershedss. (2006). Heavy Metals. [Online]. NCSU Water Quality Group. Available: http://www.water.ncsu.edu/watershedss/info/hmetals.html (2006, June 3).
[17] Lenntech. (2005c). Periodic-chart-elements, [Online]. Rotterdamseweg. The Netherlands, Available: http://www.lenntech.com/Periodic-chart- elements.htm [2005, 6 August.
[18] ICETT. (1998). Preventative Measures Against Water Pollution, [Online]. Japan. Available: http://www.icett.or. jp/Ipca _jp.nsf [2006, 20 May].
[19] Kaviraj, A. and S. Das, (1999). Effects of fertilization on the deposition, partitioning and bioavailability of copper, zinc and cadmium in four perennial ponds of an industrial town, Indian J. Environ. Hlth., 41,6-15.
[20] El-Sokkary, I. H. and Muller, G, (1990). In Vernet J. P. (ed) International conference, heavy metals in the environment, Vol 1, Geneva: GEP Consultants Ltd., Edinburgh, 134-139.
[21] Birth, G., 2003. A scheme for assessing human impacts on coastal aquatic environments using sediments. In: Woodcofie, C.D., Furness, R. A. (Eds.), Coastal CIS 2003. Wollongong University Papers in Center for Maritime Policy, 14, Australia.
[22] Taylor, S.R., (1964), Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust; a new table. Geochimica Cos-mochimica Acta 28, 1273.
[23] Müller, P.J. and Suess, E., (1979). Productivity, sedimentation rate and sedimentary Organic matter in the oceans. I. Organic carbon presentation., Deep Sea Res., 26, 1347
[24] Förstner, U., Ahlf, W. and Calmano, W., (1993). Sediment quality objectives and criteria development in Germany, Water Sci. Technol.,28,307 (1993)
[25] Hakanson, L., (1980). Ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach, Water Res., 14 (5), 975-1001.
[26] Satyanarayana, D.; Panigrahy, P. K. and Sahu, S. D., (1994). Metal pollution in harbor and coastal sediments of Visakhapatnam, east coast of India. Indian J. Mar Sci., 23 (I), 52-54 (3 pages).
[27] Tomlinson, D. C.; Wilson, J, G; Harris, C. R. and Jeffery, D. W, (1980). Problems in the assessment of heavy metals levels in estuaries and the formation of a polluation index. Helgol. 1273-1285 (13 pages).
[28] Bakan, G and Ozkoc. H. B., (2007). An ecological risk assessment of the impact of heavy metals in surface sediments on biota from the mid-Black Sea coast of Turkey. Int. J. Environ. Stud., 64 (I), 45-57.
[29] Pederson. F; Bjorestad, E.; Anderson, H. V. and Kjolholt, J.; Poll. C., (1998). Characterization of sediments from Copenhagen Harbour by use of' biotests. Water Sci. Tech.. 37 (6-7), 233-240.
[30] MacDonald, D. D.; Ingersoll, C. G. and Berger, T. A., (2000). Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 39, 20-31 (12 pages).
[31] Perin, G.; Bonardi, M.; Fabris, R.; Simoncini. B.; Manente, S.; Tosi, L. and Scotto, S., (1997). Heavy metal pollution in central Venice Lagoon bottom sediments: evaluation of the metal bioavailability by geochemical speciation procedure. Environ, Tech., 18, 593-604.
[32] S. Khan, R. Farooq, S. Shahbaz, M. A. Khan, and M. Sadique, “Health risk assessment of heavy metals for population via consumption of vegetables,” World Applied Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1602–1606, 2009.
[33] O. J. Okunola, Y. Alhassan, G. G. Yebpella et al., “Risk assessment of using coated mobile recharge cards in Nigeria,” Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 80–85, 2011.
[34] USEPA, “Intake of fish and shellfish,” in Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook, Chapter 10, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, USA, 2008.
[35] K. Portier, J. Keith Tolson, and S. M. Roberts, “Body weight distributions for risk assessment,” Risk Analysis, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 11–26, 2007.
[36] USEPA, Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition, EPA/600/R- 090/052F, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, USA, 2011.
[37] Hassaan, M. A. (2010). Study on concentration of some heavy metal in the lower reach of Qalaa and Umum Drains to control metla pollution in Lake Mariut, M. Sc. A Thesis, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University. 236 p.
[38] O.A. El-Rayis, M. A. Hassaan, and E. I. Hemada, Suitability of Lake Mariut Drainage System (Qalaa and Umum Drains Waters) for Water Reuse, (2014): Blue Biotechnology Journal, 3(2) p265-277.
Author Information
  • Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt

  • Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt

  • Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mohamed A. Hassaan, Ahmed El Nemr, Fedekar F. Madkour. (2016). Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Human Health Risk. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 2(3), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20160203.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Mohamed A. Hassaan; Ahmed El Nemr; Fedekar F. Madkour. Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Human Health Risk. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2016, 2(3), 14-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20160203.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Mohamed A. Hassaan, Ahmed El Nemr, Fedekar F. Madkour. Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Human Health Risk. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2016;2(3):14-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20160203.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20160203.11,
      author = {Mohamed A. Hassaan and Ahmed El Nemr and Fedekar F. Madkour},
      title = {Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Human Health Risk},
      journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
      volume = {2},
      number = {3},
      pages = {14-19},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20160203.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20160203.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20160203.11},
      abstract = {Heavy metals are normally occurring elements that have a density at least 5 times higher than of water. Their plentiful domestic, industrial, agricultural and technological usages have led to their widespread distribution in the environment; raising worries over their possible impacts on human health and the environment. The toxicity of heavy metals relies on numerous factors including the dose, method of exposure, and chemical types. This review provides an analysis of heavy metals occurrence, toxicity, and some pollution assessment methods such as the geoaccumulation index, contamination factor, Contamination Degree, Enirchment factor, pollution load index, Ecotoxilogical sense of heavy metals contamination and Risk Assessment of heavy metals consumption.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Human Health Risk
    AU  - Mohamed A. Hassaan
    AU  - Ahmed El Nemr
    AU  - Fedekar F. Madkour
    Y1  - 2016/11/03
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20160203.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20160203.11
    T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
    SP  - 14
    EP  - 19
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1875
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20160203.11
    AB  - Heavy metals are normally occurring elements that have a density at least 5 times higher than of water. Their plentiful domestic, industrial, agricultural and technological usages have led to their widespread distribution in the environment; raising worries over their possible impacts on human health and the environment. The toxicity of heavy metals relies on numerous factors including the dose, method of exposure, and chemical types. This review provides an analysis of heavy metals occurrence, toxicity, and some pollution assessment methods such as the geoaccumulation index, contamination factor, Contamination Degree, Enirchment factor, pollution load index, Ecotoxilogical sense of heavy metals contamination and Risk Assessment of heavy metals consumption.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections