Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptakes of Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) Under Irrigation Water of Akaki River, Central Ethiopia

Dagne Bekele Bahiru

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12

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Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptakes of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Under Irrigation Water of Akaki River, Central Ethiopia

Dagne Bekele Bahiru

Published in American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 9 February 2021 Accepted: 24 March 2021 Published: 20 April 2021

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Abstract

The present study was implemented to remediate heavy metal levels in lettuce grown by Akaki river water in 45 pots. The soil for the pot experiment collected from the Akaki area and the water used for lettuce growing from the upper, middle, and lower part of Akaki River with five treatment for three locations: groundwater (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100% Akaki river water with groundwater combination set as treatment. The results obtained from this pot experiment in lettuce samples Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cr, and Cu concentration in the range of (0.047-0.263), (0.42-6.55), (339.83-420.00), (2.96-13.44), (0.95-7.87) and (1.68-7.49) (mg /Kg) respectively, all heavy metal concentration except groundwater irrigated lettuce sample above-recommended level set by WHO (1999). Whereas, Concentration of these metals in the soil samples (mg/kg) was found to be Cd (0.47-3.47), Pb (8.00-118.00), Fe (13557.30-16800.00), Zn (40.00-224.67), Cr (4.91-39.36) and Cu (35.00-149.88), out of Cd and Fe heavy metal concentration in Akaki river water irrigated soil samples except 100% Akaki river water irrigated soil sample was below the recommended level set by /FAOWHO (2001). Similarly, concentrations (mg/L) of the metals in the Akaki river water samples were found to be in the ranges of 0.18-0.28, 1.40-2.67, 0.97-1.40, 0.037-0.087, 0.037-0.080, and 01-0.14 for Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Cr, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in the Akaki river water and lettuce samples were above the recommended limit of both WHO and FAO. Also, Cd and Fe for the soil samples were greater than WHO and FAO recommended limit. Based on facts obtained from this study we suggest concerned official body (ies) take the necessary precaution measures for cleaning the Akaki river water.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12
Page(s)	6-14
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Lettuce, Akaki River Water

References

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Dagne Bekele Bahiru. (2021). Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptakes of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Under Irrigation Water of Akaki River, Central Ethiopia. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 5(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12

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ACS Style

Dagne Bekele Bahiru. Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptakes of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Under Irrigation Water of Akaki River, Central Ethiopia. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2021, 5(1), 6-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12

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AMA Style

Dagne Bekele Bahiru. Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptakes of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Under Irrigation Water of Akaki River, Central Ethiopia. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2021;5(1):6-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12,
  author = {Dagne Bekele Bahiru},
  title = {Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptakes of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Under Irrigation Water of Akaki River, Central Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-14},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20210501.12},
  abstract = {The present study was implemented to remediate heavy metal levels in lettuce grown by Akaki river water in 45 pots. The soil for the pot experiment collected from the Akaki area and the water used for lettuce growing from the upper, middle, and lower part of Akaki River with five treatment for three locations: groundwater (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100% Akaki river water with groundwater combination set as treatment. The results obtained from this pot experiment in lettuce samples Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cr, and Cu concentration in the range of (0.047-0.263), (0.42-6.55), (339.83-420.00), (2.96-13.44), (0.95-7.87) and (1.68-7.49) (mg /Kg) respectively, all heavy metal concentration except groundwater irrigated lettuce sample above-recommended level set by WHO (1999). Whereas, Concentration of these metals in the soil samples (mg/kg) was found to be Cd (0.47-3.47), Pb (8.00-118.00), Fe (13557.30-16800.00), Zn (40.00-224.67), Cr (4.91-39.36) and Cu (35.00-149.88), out of Cd and Fe heavy metal concentration in Akaki river water irrigated soil samples except 100% Akaki river water irrigated soil sample was below the recommended level set by /FAOWHO (2001). Similarly, concentrations (mg/L) of the metals in the Akaki river water samples were found to be in the ranges of 0.18-0.28, 1.40-2.67, 0.97-1.40, 0.037-0.087, 0.037-0.080, and 01-0.14 for Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Cr, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in the Akaki river water and lettuce samples were above the recommended limit of both WHO and FAO. Also, Cd and Fe for the soil samples were greater than WHO and FAO recommended limit. Based on facts obtained from this study we suggest concerned official body (ies) take the necessary precaution measures for cleaning the Akaki river water.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptakes of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Under Irrigation Water of Akaki River, Central Ethiopia
AU  - Dagne Bekele Bahiru
Y1  - 2021/04/20
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
SP  - 6
EP  - 14
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12
AB  - The present study was implemented to remediate heavy metal levels in lettuce grown by Akaki river water in 45 pots. The soil for the pot experiment collected from the Akaki area and the water used for lettuce growing from the upper, middle, and lower part of Akaki River with five treatment for three locations: groundwater (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100% Akaki river water with groundwater combination set as treatment. The results obtained from this pot experiment in lettuce samples Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cr, and Cu concentration in the range of (0.047-0.263), (0.42-6.55), (339.83-420.00), (2.96-13.44), (0.95-7.87) and (1.68-7.49) (mg /Kg) respectively, all heavy metal concentration except groundwater irrigated lettuce sample above-recommended level set by WHO (1999). Whereas, Concentration of these metals in the soil samples (mg/kg) was found to be Cd (0.47-3.47), Pb (8.00-118.00), Fe (13557.30-16800.00), Zn (40.00-224.67), Cr (4.91-39.36) and Cu (35.00-149.88), out of Cd and Fe heavy metal concentration in Akaki river water irrigated soil samples except 100% Akaki river water irrigated soil sample was below the recommended level set by /FAOWHO (2001). Similarly, concentrations (mg/L) of the metals in the Akaki river water samples were found to be in the ranges of 0.18-0.28, 1.40-2.67, 0.97-1.40, 0.037-0.087, 0.037-0.080, and 01-0.14 for Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Cr, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in the Akaki river water and lettuce samples were above the recommended limit of both WHO and FAO. Also, Cd and Fe for the soil samples were greater than WHO and FAO recommended limit. Based on facts obtained from this study we suggest concerned official body (ies) take the necessary precaution measures for cleaning the Akaki river water.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Dagne Bekele Bahiru

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Department of Natural Resource Management, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

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Dagne Bekele Bahiru. (2021). Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptakes of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Under Irrigation Water of Akaki River, Central Ethiopia. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 5(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12

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ACS Style

Dagne Bekele Bahiru. Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptakes of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Under Irrigation Water of Akaki River, Central Ethiopia. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2021, 5(1), 6-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12

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AMA Style

Dagne Bekele Bahiru. Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptakes of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Under Irrigation Water of Akaki River, Central Ethiopia. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2021;5(1):6-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12,
  author = {Dagne Bekele Bahiru},
  title = {Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptakes of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Under Irrigation Water of Akaki River, Central Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-14},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20210501.12},
  abstract = {The present study was implemented to remediate heavy metal levels in lettuce grown by Akaki river water in 45 pots. The soil for the pot experiment collected from the Akaki area and the water used for lettuce growing from the upper, middle, and lower part of Akaki River with five treatment for three locations: groundwater (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100% Akaki river water with groundwater combination set as treatment. The results obtained from this pot experiment in lettuce samples Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cr, and Cu concentration in the range of (0.047-0.263), (0.42-6.55), (339.83-420.00), (2.96-13.44), (0.95-7.87) and (1.68-7.49) (mg /Kg) respectively, all heavy metal concentration except groundwater irrigated lettuce sample above-recommended level set by WHO (1999). Whereas, Concentration of these metals in the soil samples (mg/kg) was found to be Cd (0.47-3.47), Pb (8.00-118.00), Fe (13557.30-16800.00), Zn (40.00-224.67), Cr (4.91-39.36) and Cu (35.00-149.88), out of Cd and Fe heavy metal concentration in Akaki river water irrigated soil samples except 100% Akaki river water irrigated soil sample was below the recommended level set by /FAOWHO (2001). Similarly, concentrations (mg/L) of the metals in the Akaki river water samples were found to be in the ranges of 0.18-0.28, 1.40-2.67, 0.97-1.40, 0.037-0.087, 0.037-0.080, and 01-0.14 for Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Cr, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in the Akaki river water and lettuce samples were above the recommended limit of both WHO and FAO. Also, Cd and Fe for the soil samples were greater than WHO and FAO recommended limit. Based on facts obtained from this study we suggest concerned official body (ies) take the necessary precaution measures for cleaning the Akaki river water.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptakes of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Under Irrigation Water of Akaki River, Central Ethiopia
AU  - Dagne Bekele Bahiru
Y1  - 2021/04/20
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
SP  - 6
EP  - 14
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20210501.12
AB  - The present study was implemented to remediate heavy metal levels in lettuce grown by Akaki river water in 45 pots. The soil for the pot experiment collected from the Akaki area and the water used for lettuce growing from the upper, middle, and lower part of Akaki River with five treatment for three locations: groundwater (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100% Akaki river water with groundwater combination set as treatment. The results obtained from this pot experiment in lettuce samples Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cr, and Cu concentration in the range of (0.047-0.263), (0.42-6.55), (339.83-420.00), (2.96-13.44), (0.95-7.87) and (1.68-7.49) (mg /Kg) respectively, all heavy metal concentration except groundwater irrigated lettuce sample above-recommended level set by WHO (1999). Whereas, Concentration of these metals in the soil samples (mg/kg) was found to be Cd (0.47-3.47), Pb (8.00-118.00), Fe (13557.30-16800.00), Zn (40.00-224.67), Cr (4.91-39.36) and Cu (35.00-149.88), out of Cd and Fe heavy metal concentration in Akaki river water irrigated soil samples except 100% Akaki river water irrigated soil sample was below the recommended level set by /FAOWHO (2001). Similarly, concentrations (mg/L) of the metals in the Akaki river water samples were found to be in the ranges of 0.18-0.28, 1.40-2.67, 0.97-1.40, 0.037-0.087, 0.037-0.080, and 01-0.14 for Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Cr, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in the Akaki river water and lettuce samples were above the recommended limit of both WHO and FAO. Also, Cd and Fe for the soil samples were greater than WHO and FAO recommended limit. Based on facts obtained from this study we suggest concerned official body (ies) take the necessary precaution measures for cleaning the Akaki river water.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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