Background: Iodine Deficiency Disorders refer to a spectrum of health consequences resulting from inadequate intake of iodine. Around 2 billion people in 130 countries worldwide have insufficient intakes of iodine and Ethiopia also one of the countries more than half the population at risk of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). Recently monitoring of the iodine in Dessie and Kombolcha, Ethiopia indicated that 68.8% of households used adequately iodized salt which is below the international goal of 90% coverage. Universal salt iodization has been implemented to eliminate Iodine Deficiency Disorders. However, the adequacy of iodine in salts needs close monitoring to meet its intended goal. This study assessed availability of adequately iodized salt and its associated factors at household level in Walmara Woreda Finfine Special zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2020. A Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Walmara Woreda from February 01 to 30 in 2020. Multistage sampling technique Data collections were used to study participant. All independent variables with p-value<0.25 in the bivariate analysis were selected for multivariate logistic regression analysis. During multivariate logistic regression analysis the P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant and degree of association between dependent and independent variables were reported using adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% CI. This study showed that the availability of adequately iodized salt at household level with parts-per-million (PPM) of>15 was 355 (65.9%). Households who live in urban areas were 8.74 times more likely to have adequately iodized salt than those rural areas (AOR=8.74, 95% CI: 2.92, 26.09). Storage of salt at dry place was 5.38 times more likely to have adequately iodized salt than that stored at moister place (AOR=5.38, 95% CI: 1.46, 19.88). Households who were using packed salt were 11.441 times more likely to have adequately iodized salt compared to those who were using non-packed salt (AOR=11.44 (95% CI: 3.97, 33.02)). The availability of adequately iodized salt at household level in Wolmara Woreda was low as compared to the Iodine Deficiency Disorders elimination strategy. Hence, Zonal and Woreda health office should give attention to monitoring and evaluation of iodine salt at production, transportation and consumption levels.
| Published in | European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 9, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ejpm.20210906.11 |
| Page(s) | 140-148 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Iodized Salt, Walmara, Household Level, Finfine Special Zone, Ethiopia
| [1] | Nutrition Australia. Iodine Facts | Nutrition Australia [Internet]. Nutritian Australia. 2010. Available from: http://www.nutritionaustralia.org/national/resource/iodine-facts. |
| [2] | Paterson J, Crossland K. Micronutrient Malnutrition in the Pacific and Its Prevention. 2000; 43-65. Available from: http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/010/ai026e/AI026E03.pdf. |
| [3] | Knowles JM, Garrett GS, Gorstein J, Kupka R, Situma R, Yadav K, et al. Household Coverage with Adequately Iodized Salt Varies Greatly between Countries and by Residence Type and Socioeconomic Status within Countries: Results from 10 National Coverage Surveys. J Nutr. 2017; 147 (5): 1004S-1014S. |
| [4] | WHO. GUIDELINE: Fortification of food-grade salt with iodine for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. Who Guidel [Internet]. 2014; (ISBN 978 92 4 150792 9): 1-43. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25473709. |
| [5] | Yibrie A, Yifru S, Tigabu D. Module. Iodine Deficiency Disorders. For the Ethiopian Health Center Team. United States Agency for International Development. 2007. 53 p. |
| [6] | Zimmermann M. Key Barriers to Global Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control: A Summary. 2017; Available from: https://www.spring-nutrition.org/sites/default/files/a2z_materials/508-gap-analysis-iodine-final.pdf. |
| [7] | de Benoist B, Andersson M, Egli I, Takkouche B, Allen H. Iodine status worldwide. WHO Glob Database Iodine Defic Geneca World Heal Organ. 2004; 1-12. |
| [8] | Ababa A. GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES in Ethiopia Federal Ministry of Health. Guidel Prev Control Micronutr Defic Ethiop Fed Minist Heal January. 2016; (January). |
| [9] | Mekonnen TC, Eshete S, Wasihun Y, Arefaynie M, Cherie N. Availability of adequately iodized salt at household level in Dessie and Combolcha Towns, South Wollo, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. BMC Public Health; 2018; 18 (1): 1-9. |
| [10] | World Health Organization. Assessment of the iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. A guide for programme managers. WHO, Geneva [Internet]. 2007; 107. Available from: http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/en/idd_assessment_monitoring_eliminination.pdf. |
| [11] | Dessu S, Dawit Z, Alemu G. Assessment of Knowledge on Iodized Salt Utilization and Associated Factors among Households in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia. Vol. 3, International Journal of Research Studies in Medical and Health Sciences. 2018. 17-23 p. |
| [12] | WHO. Assessment of the iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. WHO, Geneva. 2007; 2: 1-107. |
| [13] | Andersson M, Takkouche B, Egli I, De Benoist B. The WHO Global Database on iodine deficiency disorders: The importance of monitoring iodine nutrition. Scand J Nutr. 2003; 47 (4): 162-6. |
| [14] | EDHS. FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA Demographic and Health Survey. 2016. 1-59 p. |
| [15] | Yaye AB, Baraki N, Endale BS. Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt at Household Level and Associated Factors in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Int J Public Heal Sci. 2016; 5 (4): 392. |
| [16] | BG, KA, AA, MK, YTY, HRS. Availability of Adequate Iodized Salt at Household Level and Associated Factors in Rural Communities in Laelay Maychew District, Northern Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study. J Nutr Heal Sci. 2015; 1 (4): 1-9. |
| [17] | WHO/NMH/NHD/EPG/14.5. Goitre as a determinant of the prevalence and severity of iodine deficiency disorders in populations. WHO/NMH/NHD/EPG/145 VMNIS [Internet]. 2014; 14-9. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/133706/1/WHO_NMH_NHD_EPG_14.5_eng.pdf. |
| [18] | Town T. Availability and Knowledge of Iodized Salt at Household Level and Associated Factors. 2019; 6 (1): 1-8. |
| [19] | Gebremariam HG, Yesuf ME, Koye DN. Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt at Household Level and Associated Factors in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia. 2013 p. 1-6. |
| [20] | Regassa D M, H TW. Utilization of Adequately Iodized Salt on Prevention of Iodine Deficiency Disorders at Household Level and Associated Factors in Lalo Assabi District, West Ethiopia. J Nutr Food Sci. 2016; 06 (02). |
| [21] | Ahmed AT. Use of Iodized Salt at Household Level in Jig Jiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia. 2019; (April). |
| [22] | Bazezew MM, Yallew WW, Belew AK. Knowledge and practice of iodized salt utilization among reproductive women in Addis Ababa City. BMC Res Notes [Internet]. BioMed Central; 2018; 11 (1): 1-8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3847-y. |
| [23] | Sarah NA, Prince AK, Yao AS, Geoffrey AA, Wisdom TK, Margaret K. Knowledge on Iodized Salt Use and Iodine Content of Salt Among Households in the Hohoe Municipality, Volta Region - Ghana To cite this article : 2016; 2 (1): 1-10. |
| [24] | Ftwi G, Mengistie B, Abdo M, Roba KT. Household Salt Iodine Level and Associated Factors in Dire Dawa City Administration, Eastern Ethiopia. East African J Heal Biomed Sci. 2018; 2: 35-44. |
APA Style
Tesfaye Gudisa, Esubalew Tesfahun, Robert Wondimu, Zalalem Kaba, Edosa Amente, et al. (2021). Assessment of Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt and Its Associated Factors at Household Level in Walmara Woreda, Finfine Special Zone, Ethiopia, 2020. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 9(6), 140-148. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20210906.11
ACS Style
Tesfaye Gudisa; Esubalew Tesfahun; Robert Wondimu; Zalalem Kaba; Edosa Amente, et al. Assessment of Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt and Its Associated Factors at Household Level in Walmara Woreda, Finfine Special Zone, Ethiopia, 2020. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2021, 9(6), 140-148. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20210906.11
AMA Style
Tesfaye Gudisa, Esubalew Tesfahun, Robert Wondimu, Zalalem Kaba, Edosa Amente, et al. Assessment of Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt and Its Associated Factors at Household Level in Walmara Woreda, Finfine Special Zone, Ethiopia, 2020. Eur J Prev Med. 2021;9(6):140-148. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20210906.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20210906.11,
author = {Tesfaye Gudisa and Esubalew Tesfahun and Robert Wondimu and Zalalem Kaba and Edosa Amente and Haile Bikila},
title = {Assessment of Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt and Its Associated Factors at Household Level in Walmara Woreda, Finfine Special Zone, Ethiopia, 2020},
journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {140-148},
doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20210906.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20210906.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20210906.11},
abstract = {Background: Iodine Deficiency Disorders refer to a spectrum of health consequences resulting from inadequate intake of iodine. Around 2 billion people in 130 countries worldwide have insufficient intakes of iodine and Ethiopia also one of the countries more than half the population at risk of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). Recently monitoring of the iodine in Dessie and Kombolcha, Ethiopia indicated that 68.8% of households used adequately iodized salt which is below the international goal of 90% coverage. Universal salt iodization has been implemented to eliminate Iodine Deficiency Disorders. However, the adequacy of iodine in salts needs close monitoring to meet its intended goal. This study assessed availability of adequately iodized salt and its associated factors at household level in Walmara Woreda Finfine Special zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2020. A Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Walmara Woreda from February 01 to 30 in 2020. Multistage sampling technique Data collections were used to study participant. All independent variables with p-value15 was 355 (65.9%). Households who live in urban areas were 8.74 times more likely to have adequately iodized salt than those rural areas (AOR=8.74, 95% CI: 2.92, 26.09). Storage of salt at dry place was 5.38 times more likely to have adequately iodized salt than that stored at moister place (AOR=5.38, 95% CI: 1.46, 19.88). Households who were using packed salt were 11.441 times more likely to have adequately iodized salt compared to those who were using non-packed salt (AOR=11.44 (95% CI: 3.97, 33.02)). The availability of adequately iodized salt at household level in Wolmara Woreda was low as compared to the Iodine Deficiency Disorders elimination strategy. Hence, Zonal and Woreda health office should give attention to monitoring and evaluation of iodine salt at production, transportation and consumption levels.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt and Its Associated Factors at Household Level in Walmara Woreda, Finfine Special Zone, Ethiopia, 2020 AU - Tesfaye Gudisa AU - Esubalew Tesfahun AU - Robert Wondimu AU - Zalalem Kaba AU - Edosa Amente AU - Haile Bikila Y1 - 2021/12/11 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20210906.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20210906.11 T2 - European Journal of Preventive Medicine JF - European Journal of Preventive Medicine JO - European Journal of Preventive Medicine SP - 140 EP - 148 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8230 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20210906.11 AB - Background: Iodine Deficiency Disorders refer to a spectrum of health consequences resulting from inadequate intake of iodine. Around 2 billion people in 130 countries worldwide have insufficient intakes of iodine and Ethiopia also one of the countries more than half the population at risk of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). Recently monitoring of the iodine in Dessie and Kombolcha, Ethiopia indicated that 68.8% of households used adequately iodized salt which is below the international goal of 90% coverage. Universal salt iodization has been implemented to eliminate Iodine Deficiency Disorders. However, the adequacy of iodine in salts needs close monitoring to meet its intended goal. This study assessed availability of adequately iodized salt and its associated factors at household level in Walmara Woreda Finfine Special zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2020. A Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Walmara Woreda from February 01 to 30 in 2020. Multistage sampling technique Data collections were used to study participant. All independent variables with p-value15 was 355 (65.9%). Households who live in urban areas were 8.74 times more likely to have adequately iodized salt than those rural areas (AOR=8.74, 95% CI: 2.92, 26.09). Storage of salt at dry place was 5.38 times more likely to have adequately iodized salt than that stored at moister place (AOR=5.38, 95% CI: 1.46, 19.88). Households who were using packed salt were 11.441 times more likely to have adequately iodized salt compared to those who were using non-packed salt (AOR=11.44 (95% CI: 3.97, 33.02)). The availability of adequately iodized salt at household level in Wolmara Woreda was low as compared to the Iodine Deficiency Disorders elimination strategy. Hence, Zonal and Woreda health office should give attention to monitoring and evaluation of iodine salt at production, transportation and consumption levels. VL - 9 IS - 6 ER -
Information
Email: