Assessment of Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt and Its Associated Factors at Household Level in Walmara Woreda, Finfine Special Zone, Ethiopia, 2020
Tesfaye Gudisa,
Esubalew Tesfahun,
Robert Wondimu,
Zalalem Kaba,
Edosa Amente,
Haile Bikila
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
140-148
Received:
8 November 2021
Accepted:
29 November 2021
Published:
11 December 2021
Abstract: Background: Iodine Deficiency Disorders refer to a spectrum of health consequences resulting from inadequate intake of iodine. Around 2 billion people in 130 countries worldwide have insufficient intakes of iodine and Ethiopia also one of the countries more than half the population at risk of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). Recently monitoring of the iodine in Dessie and Kombolcha, Ethiopia indicated that 68.8% of households used adequately iodized salt which is below the international goal of 90% coverage. Universal salt iodization has been implemented to eliminate Iodine Deficiency Disorders. However, the adequacy of iodine in salts needs close monitoring to meet its intended goal. This study assessed availability of adequately iodized salt and its associated factors at household level in Walmara Woreda Finfine Special zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2020. A Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Walmara Woreda from February 01 to 30 in 2020. Multistage sampling technique Data collections were used to study participant. All independent variables with p-value<0.25 in the bivariate analysis were selected for multivariate logistic regression analysis. During multivariate logistic regression analysis the P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant and degree of association between dependent and independent variables were reported using adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% CI. This study showed that the availability of adequately iodized salt at household level with parts-per-million (PPM) of>15 was 355 (65.9%). Households who live in urban areas were 8.74 times more likely to have adequately iodized salt than those rural areas (AOR=8.74, 95% CI: 2.92, 26.09). Storage of salt at dry place was 5.38 times more likely to have adequately iodized salt than that stored at moister place (AOR=5.38, 95% CI: 1.46, 19.88). Households who were using packed salt were 11.441 times more likely to have adequately iodized salt compared to those who were using non-packed salt (AOR=11.44 (95% CI: 3.97, 33.02)). The availability of adequately iodized salt at household level in Wolmara Woreda was low as compared to the Iodine Deficiency Disorders elimination strategy. Hence, Zonal and Woreda health office should give attention to monitoring and evaluation of iodine salt at production, transportation and consumption levels.
Abstract: Background: Iodine Deficiency Disorders refer to a spectrum of health consequences resulting from inadequate intake of iodine. Around 2 billion people in 130 countries worldwide have insufficient intakes of iodine and Ethiopia also one of the countries more than half the population at risk of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). Recently monitoring o...
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Attitudes and Community Perspectives on Male Involvement in Breastfeeding, in Juba, South Sudan
Tobijo Denis Sokiri Moses,
Ebenezer Obi Daniel,
Zecho Gatkek Gatka-al,
Wani Silas Lubang,
Ahmed Mamuda Bello,
Essien Grace Clement,
Paul Olaiya Abiodun,
Adebanke Adetutu Ogun,
Israel Olukayode Popoola,
Christiana Asibi-Ogben Inegbeboh,
Michael Olabode Tomori,
Friday Iyobosa Igbinovia,
Michael Avwerhota
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
149-156
Received:
14 November 2021
Accepted:
3 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Fathers strongly influence the lactating mothers' decisions to initiate and continue breastfeeding as the father's infant feeding preferences may affect her intentions to breastfeed. This inspiration is a product of the perceptions of their roles as members of the breastfeeding family. Despite this, available breastfeeding promotion interventions in South Sudan, such as mother-to-mother support groups, focus on the mother. Equally, available literature on breastfeeding addresses general topics with limited exploration of male partner involvement. This study sought to understand male partner breastfeeding attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and opinions as drivers to actions, community views on male involvement, breastfeeding in public, and barriers to male participation in the breastfeeding process using a quantitative-qualitative methodology. Two hundred seventy-five fathers of children under two years responded to 9 close-ended questions exploring their attitudes towards breastfeeding, and 63 community leaders, women groups, religious leaders, and individuals of interest participated in 15 Key informant interviews and five focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0 and thematically to generate frequency tables, median (Mdn), and interquartile range (IQR), and recurring patterns. 200 (73%) of fathers were knowledgeable of the benefits of breastfeeding, and 224 (82%) did not believe breastfeeding negatively affects marriage. 217 (79%) disagreed that women lose their attractiveness when breastfeeding. 247 (90%) supported breastfeeding in public, and 224 (82%) agreed to share breastfeeding responsibilities. Patriarchal issues, gender role segregation, Sexism, and false beliefs; work-related, social, economic, and personal factors emerged as key barriers to male involvement in breastfeeding. While this study essentially presented positive attitudes of male partners towards breastfeeding, the cultural barriers that emerged are significant. Therefore, there is a need to design context-specific models to dispel misinformation about male participation in breastfeeding and expand on standard supportive practices.
Abstract: Fathers strongly influence the lactating mothers' decisions to initiate and continue breastfeeding as the father's infant feeding preferences may affect her intentions to breastfeed. This inspiration is a product of the perceptions of their roles as members of the breastfeeding family. Despite this, available breastfeeding promotion interventions i...
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Increased BMI, Sedentary Lifestyle & Metabolic Syndrome as Independent Risk Factors for Development of Colorectal Adenomas: A Prospective Study
Khan Mohammad Nazmus Saqeb,
Mohammad Shamsul Arfin
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
157-161
Received:
19 November 2021
Accepted:
9 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Background: Several risk factors for development of colorectal adenomas has been studied over the years. But the effect of increased BMI, sedentary lifestyle and metabolic syndrome on the development of colorectal adenoma has been minimally studied. This study describes the influence of increased BMI, sedentary lifestyle & metabolic syndrome on the prevalence of colorectal adenoma. Secondary objective was to determine whether these factors influence the progression of benign adenomas into advanced adenomas or not. Methods: A total of 697 consecutive cases were included. Asymptomatic subjects aged more than 40 years who were undergoing their first colonoscopy were included in the study. Patients with a history of colonic neoplasia, IBD, colonoscopic polypectomy or colectomy were excluded from the study. Details of colonoscopy, polypectomy and histology were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. Chi-square (X2) test was done to assess the association of different risk factors with the development of colonic adenomas. Odds ratio (OR) along with its 95% CI was calculated for every individual risk factor under evaluation. A p-value<0.05 was considered as significant. Result: Colonic polyps were detected in 153 (21.95%) subjects. Out of these 153 subjects 81 (11.62%) had histologically proved adenomas. Benign adenomas were detected in 63 (9.03%) cases, whereas advanced adenomas were detected in 18 (2.58%) cases. A BMI of≥30 showed an OR of 2.94 (1.64-4.24) for the development of colorectal adenomas. Presence of metabolic syndrome showed an OR of 1.74 (1.14-2.34) for the development of adenomas. Sedentary lifestyle showed an OR of 1.91 (1.31-2.51) for the development of colorectal adenomas. An age of≥50 years also showed significant effect (OR=1.39) on the development of colonic adenomas. Lastly the presence of increased BMI, sedentary lifestyle and metabolic syndrome was identified as individual risk factors for the progression of adenoma towards advanced adenomas with an OR of 1.67, 2.14 & 2.92 respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that increased BMI, sedentary lifestyle and metabolic syndrome are associated with increased risk of development of colorectal adenomas. Moreover, increasing age (>50 years) also contribute to the increased risk of development of colorectal adenomas. And lastly it has been showed that increased BMI, sedentary lifestyle and metabolic syndrome individually contribute to the increased risk of progression of benign colonic adenomas to a more advanced adenoma.
Abstract: Background: Several risk factors for development of colorectal adenomas has been studied over the years. But the effect of increased BMI, sedentary lifestyle and metabolic syndrome on the development of colorectal adenoma has been minimally studied. This study describes the influence of increased BMI, sedentary lifestyle & metabolic syndrome on the...
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Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine on Prophylaxis of COVID-19 – a Prospective Cohort Study Done on 37 Patients in Armenia
Rahul Anil Sethi,
Lalit Hasija,
Karine Hakobyan,
Armine Hakobyan,
Sanobar Shariff,
Burhan Kantawala
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
162-167
Received:
2 April 2021
Accepted:
15 April 2021
Published:
31 December 2021
Abstract: There are currently no vaccines with hundred percent efficacy or no effective treatments for lessening hospitalizations brought about by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The influenza vaccination has proposed as a potential method to decrease the seriousness of COVID-19. A prospective cohort study of 37 individuals of Paediatric, Adult and Geriatric group was taken and they were vaccinated against the influenza virus for two consecutive years with the ‘Influenza’ vaccine. Antibody titers were then measured and PCR tests were done to confirm infections. The severity of infection was reflected by hospitalization and emergency unit admission. Examination was performed to analyze the connection between influenza vaccine status and hospitalization. As compared to those who had been vaccinated, COVID-19-positive patients who had not received influenza vaccine during the previous year had a higher risk of hospitalization and ICU admission. Some individuals who were vaccinated for influenza did not even develop any symptoms at all and the others were noticed to have very faint symptom onset. The findings from this study indicate that influenza vaccination can protect against COVID-19 infection in moderate and severe cases. Regardless of comorbidity, this calming influence remains. The literature indicates that RNA interference and natural killer cell activation could be involved.
Abstract: There are currently no vaccines with hundred percent efficacy or no effective treatments for lessening hospitalizations brought about by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The influenza vaccination has proposed as a potential method to decrease the seriousness of COVID-19. A prospective cohort study of 37 individuals of Paediatric, Adult and Geri...
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