Micro and Macro (Organisms) and Their Contributions to Soil Fertility

Sulaimon Adebisi Musbau; Badmus Hafiz Ayinde

doi:doi:10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Micro and Macro (Organisms) and Their Contributions to Soil Fertility

Sulaimon Adebisi Musbau, Badmus Hafiz Ayinde

Published in Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 6 September 2020 Accepted: 4 December 2020 Published: 1 April 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Soil chemical properties and microbial populations were always determined in soil in order to compare the contributions of microorganisms to soil fertility and to sustain agricultural plant growth. The ability to supply essential plant nutrients (phosphorus (P), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), sulphur (S) etc.) and soil water in adequate amounts and proportions for plant growth and reproduction; and the absence of toxic substances which may inhibit plant growth. This research work therefore aimed at understanding the different types of microbes present in soil and their various contributions to soil fertility. Sample collection normally ranges from 0-20 cm depth in the soil. These samples were air dried, passed through a 2-mm sieve before soil properties were determined following standard methods. Fresh soil samples were used to determine the number of soil microorganisms via the dilution spread plate technique using the nutrient agar for bacteria and potato dextrose agar for fungi. Research showed that the forest and fallow lands had significantly lower pH value, available P, exchangeable K and Na, but significantly higher exchangeable H and bacteria population than the cultivated land. The mean exchangeable Ca was significantly higher in the cultivated land than in the fallow land but similar to that from the forestland. The fungi population was also higher in the forestland than in others which are similar statistically. The mean soil organic matter, total N, exchangeable Mg, exchangeable Al and CEC were similar in all the land use types. Contributions of microorganisms to soil fertility were generally more in the uncultivated lands, an indication that tillage operations may have affected the microbial populations. Also the relationship between some soil chemical properties and microbial densities signify important roles microorganism play in soil nutrient build up.

Published in	Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11
Page(s)	44-56
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Microorganisms, Soil Fertility, Soil Nutrients, Fallow Land, Cultivated Land

References

[1]	Brady N., Weil R. (2002) Nitrogen and sulfur economy of soils. pp. 543-571 in Helba (ed.), The Nature and properties of soils. Pearson Education, NJ.
[2]	Sims, G. K., and M. M. Wander. 2002. Proteolytic activity under nitrogen or sulfur limitation. Appl. Soil Ecol. 568: 1-5.
[3]	Sims, G. K. 2006. Nitrogen Starvation Promotes Biodegradation of N-Heterocyclic Compounds in Soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 38: 2478-2480.
[4]	Stuart F. Chapin III; Pamela A. Matson; Harold A. Moon (2002). Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology. Springer. ISBN 0387954392.
[5]	Schulz, S., Brankatschk, R., Dumig, A., Kogel-Knabner, I., Schloter, M., and Zeyer, J., 2013. The role of microorganisms at different stages of ecosystem development for soil formation. Biogeosciences, 10, 3983-3996.
[6]	Kiflu, A., and Beyene, S., 2013. Effects of different land use systems on selected soil properties in south Ethiopia. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, 4 (5), 100-107.
[7]	Zhang, J. E., Liu, W. G., and Hu, G., 2002. The relationship between quantity index of soil microorganisms and soil fertility of different land use systems. Soil and Environmental Science, 11 (2), 140-143.
[8]	Lombard, N., Prestat, E., van Elsas, J. D., and Simonet, P., 2011. Soil-specific limitations for access and analysis of soil microbial communities by metagenomics. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 78, 31-49.
[9]	Hendrix, P. F., Parmelee, R. W., Crossley, D. A., Coleman, D. C., Odum, E. P., and Groffman, P. M., 1986. Detritus food webs in conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems. Bioscience, 36, 374-380.
[10]	Grayston, S. J., Campbell, C. D., Bardgett, R. D., Mawdsley, J. L., Clegg, C. D., Ritz, K., Griffiths, B. S., Rodwell, J. S., Edwards, S. J., Davies, W. J., Elston, D. J., and Millard, P., 2004. Assessing shifts in microbial community structure across a range of grasslands of differing management intensity using CLPP, PLFA and community DNA techniques. Appl. Soil Ecol., 25 (1), 63-84.
[11]	Ibekwe, A. M., Poss, J. A., Grattan, S. R., Grieve, C. M., and Suarez, D., 2010. Bacterial diversity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) rhizosphere in response to salinity, soil pH, and boron. Soil Biol. Biochem., 42, 567-575.
[12]	Strickland, M. S., and Rousk, J., 2010. Considering fungal: bacterial dominance in soils - Methods, controls, and ecosystem implications. Soil Biol. Biochem., 42, 1385-1395.
[13]	Celik, I., 2005. Land-use effects on organic matter and physical properties of soil in a southern Mediterranean highland of Turkey. Soil Tillage Res., 83, 270-277.
[14]	Liu, X. L., He, Y. Q., Zhang, H. L., Schroder, J. K., Li, C. L., Zhou, J., and Zhang, Z. Y., 2010. Impact of land use and soil fertility on distributions of soil aggregate fractions and some nutrients. Pedosphere, 20 (5), 666-673.
[15]	Asadu, C. L. A., Obasi, S. C., and Dixon, A. G. O., 2010. Variations in soil physical properties in a cleared forestland continuously cultivated for seven years in eastern Nsukka Nigeria. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 41 (2), 123-132.
[16]	Akamigbo, F. O. R., and Asadu, C. L. A., 1983. The influence of parent materials on the soils of south-eastern Nigeria. East Africa Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 48, 81-91.
[17]	Asadu, C. L. A., 1990. Comparative characterization of two-foot slope soils in Nsukka area of eastern Nigeria. Soil Science, 150, 527-533.
[18]	Igwe, C. A., 2001. Effects of land use on some structural properties of an Ultisol in south-eastern Nigeria. Int. Agrophysics, 15, 237-241.
[19]	Nelson, D. N., and Sommers, L. E., 1982. Total organic carbon and organic matter, In: Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., and Keeny, D. R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part II, pp. 539-579. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Sci. Soc. of Am., Madison W. I.
[20]	Bremner, J. M., 1965. Total nitrogen, In: Black, C. A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part II, Amer. Soc. Agron., 9, 1149-1178.
[21]	Olsen, S. R., and Sommers, L. E., 1982. Phosphorus, In: Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., and Keeny, D. R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part II, pp. 15-72. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Sci. Soc. of Am., Madison W. I.
[22]	Peech, M., Alexander, LT., Dean, L. A., and Reed, J. F., 1947. Methods of soil analysis for soil fertility. United States Department of Agriculture Circular 767. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
[23]	Bot, A., and Benites, J., 2005. The Importance of Soil Organic Matter: Key to Drought-Resistant Soil and Sustained Food Production. FAO, UN, Rome.
[24]	Asadu, C. L. A., and Akamigbo, F. O. R., 1990. Relative contributions of organic matter and clay fractions to cation exchange capacity of soils in southeastern Nigeria. Samaru Journal of Agricultural Research, 7, 17-23.
[25]	Lavelle, L. A., and Spain, B., 2001. A comparison of the contributions of clay, silt, and organic matter to the effective CEC of soils of sub-Saharan Africa. Soil Science, 162, 785-794.
[26]	Saarsalmi, A., Mälkönen, E., and Piirainen, S., 2001. Effects of wood ash fertilization on forest soil chemical properties. Silva Fennica 35 (3), 355-368.
[27]	Sylvia, D. M., Fuhrmann, J. J., Hartel, P. G., and Zuberer, D. A., (Eds.) 2005. Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology, 2^nd Ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
[28]	Jin, Z. Z., Lei, J. Q., Xu, X. W., Li, S. Y., Fan, J. L., and Zhao, S. F., 2010. Characteristics of the soil microbial population in forest land irrigated with saline water in the desert area. Journal of Arid Land, 2 (2), 107-115.
[29]	Sui, X., Feng, F., Lou, X., Zheng, J., and Han, S., 2012. Relationship between microbial community and soil properties during natural succession of forest land. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6 (42), 7028-7034.
[30]	Atlas, R. M., and Bartha, R., 1998. Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications. Benjamin/Cummings, Redwood City, CA.
[31]	Eze, O. C., and Loganathan, P., 1990. Effects of pH on phosphate sorption of some Paleudults of southern Nigeria, Soil Science, 150, 613-621.
[32]	Sato, S., and Comerford, N. B., 2005. Influence of soil pH on inorganic phosphorus sorption and desorption in a humid Brazilian Ultisol. R. Bras. Ci. Solo, 29, 685-694.
[33]	Ranade-Malvi U. 2011. Interaction of micronutrients with major nutrients with special reference to potassium. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 24 (1), 106-109.
[34]	Sidhu, G. S., 1998. Role of Microorganisms in Soil Fertility. Ultra Gro Food Company, Madera, California.
[35]	Haney, Cara H.; Ausubel, Frederick M. (2015). "Plant microbiome blueprints". Science. 349: 788–789. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0092. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 26293938.
[36]	Vrieze, Jop de (2015). "The littlest farmhands". Science. 349 (6249): 680–683. doi:. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 26273035.
[37]	Sylvia, David M., Jeffry J. Fuhrmann, Peter G. Hartel, and David A. Zuberer (2008). Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Sulaimon Adebisi Musbau, Badmus Hafiz Ayinde. (2021). Micro and Macro (Organisms) and Their Contributions to Soil Fertility. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 7(2), 44-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Sulaimon Adebisi Musbau; Badmus Hafiz Ayinde. Micro and Macro (Organisms) and Their Contributions to Soil Fertility. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2021, 7(2), 44-56. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Sulaimon Adebisi Musbau, Badmus Hafiz Ayinde. Micro and Macro (Organisms) and Their Contributions to Soil Fertility. Front Environ Microbiol. 2021;7(2):44-56. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11,
  author = {Sulaimon Adebisi Musbau and Badmus Hafiz Ayinde},
  title = {Micro and Macro (Organisms) and Their Contributions to Soil Fertility},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {44-56},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20210702.11},
  abstract = {Soil chemical properties and microbial populations were always determined in soil in order to compare the contributions of microorganisms to soil fertility and to sustain agricultural plant growth. The ability to supply essential plant nutrients (phosphorus (P), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), sulphur (S) etc.) and soil water in adequate amounts and proportions for plant growth and reproduction; and the absence of toxic substances which may inhibit plant growth. This research work therefore aimed at understanding the different types of microbes present in soil and their various contributions to soil fertility. Sample collection normally ranges from 0-20 cm depth in the soil. These samples were air dried, passed through a 2-mm sieve before soil properties were determined following standard methods. Fresh soil samples were used to determine the number of soil microorganisms via the dilution spread plate technique using the nutrient agar for bacteria and potato dextrose agar for fungi. Research showed that the forest and fallow lands had significantly lower pH value, available P, exchangeable K and Na, but significantly higher exchangeable H and bacteria population than the cultivated land. The mean exchangeable Ca was significantly higher in the cultivated land than in the fallow land but similar to that from the forestland. The fungi population was also higher in the forestland than in others which are similar statistically. The mean soil organic matter, total N, exchangeable Mg, exchangeable Al and CEC were similar in all the land use types. Contributions of microorganisms to soil fertility were generally more in the uncultivated lands, an indication that tillage operations may have affected the microbial populations. Also the relationship between some soil chemical properties and microbial densities signify important roles microorganism play in soil nutrient build up.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Micro and Macro (Organisms) and Their Contributions to Soil Fertility
AU  - Sulaimon Adebisi Musbau
AU  - Badmus Hafiz Ayinde
Y1  - 2021/04/01
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11
T2  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JO  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
SP  - 44
EP  - 56
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8067
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11
AB  - Soil chemical properties and microbial populations were always determined in soil in order to compare the contributions of microorganisms to soil fertility and to sustain agricultural plant growth. The ability to supply essential plant nutrients (phosphorus (P), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), sulphur (S) etc.) and soil water in adequate amounts and proportions for plant growth and reproduction; and the absence of toxic substances which may inhibit plant growth. This research work therefore aimed at understanding the different types of microbes present in soil and their various contributions to soil fertility. Sample collection normally ranges from 0-20 cm depth in the soil. These samples were air dried, passed through a 2-mm sieve before soil properties were determined following standard methods. Fresh soil samples were used to determine the number of soil microorganisms via the dilution spread plate technique using the nutrient agar for bacteria and potato dextrose agar for fungi. Research showed that the forest and fallow lands had significantly lower pH value, available P, exchangeable K and Na, but significantly higher exchangeable H and bacteria population than the cultivated land. The mean exchangeable Ca was significantly higher in the cultivated land than in the fallow land but similar to that from the forestland. The fungi population was also higher in the forestland than in others which are similar statistically. The mean soil organic matter, total N, exchangeable Mg, exchangeable Al and CEC were similar in all the land use types. Contributions of microorganisms to soil fertility were generally more in the uncultivated lands, an indication that tillage operations may have affected the microbial populations. Also the relationship between some soil chemical properties and microbial densities signify important roles microorganism play in soil nutrient build up.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Sulaimon Adebisi Musbau

Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Badmus Hafiz Ayinde

Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Sulaimon Adebisi Musbau, Badmus Hafiz Ayinde. (2021). Micro and Macro (Organisms) and Their Contributions to Soil Fertility. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 7(2), 44-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Sulaimon Adebisi Musbau; Badmus Hafiz Ayinde. Micro and Macro (Organisms) and Their Contributions to Soil Fertility. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2021, 7(2), 44-56. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Sulaimon Adebisi Musbau, Badmus Hafiz Ayinde. Micro and Macro (Organisms) and Their Contributions to Soil Fertility. Front Environ Microbiol. 2021;7(2):44-56. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11,
  author = {Sulaimon Adebisi Musbau and Badmus Hafiz Ayinde},
  title = {Micro and Macro (Organisms) and Their Contributions to Soil Fertility},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {44-56},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20210702.11},
  abstract = {Soil chemical properties and microbial populations were always determined in soil in order to compare the contributions of microorganisms to soil fertility and to sustain agricultural plant growth. The ability to supply essential plant nutrients (phosphorus (P), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), sulphur (S) etc.) and soil water in adequate amounts and proportions for plant growth and reproduction; and the absence of toxic substances which may inhibit plant growth. This research work therefore aimed at understanding the different types of microbes present in soil and their various contributions to soil fertility. Sample collection normally ranges from 0-20 cm depth in the soil. These samples were air dried, passed through a 2-mm sieve before soil properties were determined following standard methods. Fresh soil samples were used to determine the number of soil microorganisms via the dilution spread plate technique using the nutrient agar for bacteria and potato dextrose agar for fungi. Research showed that the forest and fallow lands had significantly lower pH value, available P, exchangeable K and Na, but significantly higher exchangeable H and bacteria population than the cultivated land. The mean exchangeable Ca was significantly higher in the cultivated land than in the fallow land but similar to that from the forestland. The fungi population was also higher in the forestland than in others which are similar statistically. The mean soil organic matter, total N, exchangeable Mg, exchangeable Al and CEC were similar in all the land use types. Contributions of microorganisms to soil fertility were generally more in the uncultivated lands, an indication that tillage operations may have affected the microbial populations. Also the relationship between some soil chemical properties and microbial densities signify important roles microorganism play in soil nutrient build up.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Micro and Macro (Organisms) and Their Contributions to Soil Fertility
AU  - Sulaimon Adebisi Musbau
AU  - Badmus Hafiz Ayinde
Y1  - 2021/04/01
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11
T2  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JO  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
SP  - 44
EP  - 56
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8067
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210702.11
AB  - Soil chemical properties and microbial populations were always determined in soil in order to compare the contributions of microorganisms to soil fertility and to sustain agricultural plant growth. The ability to supply essential plant nutrients (phosphorus (P), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), sulphur (S) etc.) and soil water in adequate amounts and proportions for plant growth and reproduction; and the absence of toxic substances which may inhibit plant growth. This research work therefore aimed at understanding the different types of microbes present in soil and their various contributions to soil fertility. Sample collection normally ranges from 0-20 cm depth in the soil. These samples were air dried, passed through a 2-mm sieve before soil properties were determined following standard methods. Fresh soil samples were used to determine the number of soil microorganisms via the dilution spread plate technique using the nutrient agar for bacteria and potato dextrose agar for fungi. Research showed that the forest and fallow lands had significantly lower pH value, available P, exchangeable K and Na, but significantly higher exchangeable H and bacteria population than the cultivated land. The mean exchangeable Ca was significantly higher in the cultivated land than in the fallow land but similar to that from the forestland. The fungi population was also higher in the forestland than in others which are similar statistically. The mean soil organic matter, total N, exchangeable Mg, exchangeable Al and CEC were similar in all the land use types. Contributions of microorganisms to soil fertility were generally more in the uncultivated lands, an indication that tillage operations may have affected the microbial populations. Also the relationship between some soil chemical properties and microbial densities signify important roles microorganism play in soil nutrient build up.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download