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Interactions Between Mega-Events and Tourist Destinations, the 50th Edition of Marrakech Festival of Popular Arts 2019 as an Example
Fatima Zahra Guertaoui,
Si Mohamed Ben Massou
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2022
Pages:
36-47
Received:
20 May 2022
Accepted:
14 June 2022
Published:
27 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajetm.20220703.11
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Abstract: Nowadays, globalization has forced cities, in the north and south, to compete fiercely for tourists. The identity and uniqueness of the traditions of each venue are differentiating factors for the image that tourists have of the venue, which can be a powerful marketing tool for managers if it is integrated into a broader approach that includes the authorities and all organizations involved in marketing destinations. Due to the lack of studies regarding the synergistic relationships between mega-events and destination image, and their impact on destination revisitation in emerging economies, and the prevalence of such reports in Western and Asian countries, this study aims to generate interest in this topic and inspire further research. Taking into account the specificities of southern destinations through research methodology and tourism literature, this study argues that the mega-event exerts a greater impact on the conative image, although affective and cognitive images of a mega-event play a great role in other destinations their impact is shown to be average, and that the image of the destination exists a priori in the mind of the visitor rather than that of the event and thus the importance of preserving traditional aspects of the culture is advanced. In fact, the event of the Popular Arts Festival in Marrakech, our study case, through cognitive, emotional and conative images, positively impacts the image of the Marrakech destination. In the same vein, marketing experts need to recognize the experiences of tourists and integrate them into their strategies.
Abstract: Nowadays, globalization has forced cities, in the north and south, to compete fiercely for tourists. The identity and uniqueness of the traditions of each venue are differentiating factors for the image that tourists have of the venue, which can be a powerful marketing tool for managers if it is integrated into a broader approach that includes the ...
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Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Field Establishment and Management Practices in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2022
Pages:
48-58
Received:
6 June 2022
Accepted:
6 July 2022
Published:
12 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajetm.20220703.12
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Views:
Abstract: Coffee is one of the most important beverage crops, ranked the second most traded commodity next to oil globally, and grown for its health values, economic and socio-political benefits for several countries including Ethiopia. The arabica type is a highly produced coffee in different countries and dominates 70% of the world coffee trade for its quality requirements. It was first originated and is still there naturally under the shadow of the forest canopy in Ethiopia and best adapted to the higher elevations for the best quality. Nowadays, the crop has been grown naturally in the forest, in semi-forest, in the small home garden areas and plantation systems, in the country. But both the small home garden and plantation systems need human interference to produce quality coffee for domestic consumption and global market purposes. The former production system is traditionally practiced by small holder producers while the plantation was recently introduced and it is a kind of production system in a specific area by providing the agronomic requirement and others based on the plant growth stages throughout the crop ontogeny. As a result, the first and fundamental practice in the plantation system is the coffee field establishment (coffee seedling preparation on nursey, the plantation site selection and preparation and field transplant of the seedlings) at selected production areas. Also, soon after the coffee field establishment, the field management activities like shade regulation for the newly planted coffee seedlings and coffee trees permanently (coffee is the shade-loving plant), nutrients (organic sources) and water/irrigation/ application are practiced, especially around water deficit areas depends on the crop growth stages, environmental conditions and plant densities, and the weed, major diseases and insect pest occurrences to produce quality bean. Hence, most of the practices in the field establishment and field management activities have a positive contribution on the coffee production sector to be competent in the business and to fetch the foreign currencies for the country. But the Ethiopian coffee farm management systems and the agronomic practices are still traditional (90-95%) and need improvement. Thus, this paper was aimed to review the coffee field establishment and field management activities practiced in the center of arabica coffee origin, Ethiopia.
Abstract: Coffee is one of the most important beverage crops, ranked the second most traded commodity next to oil globally, and grown for its health values, economic and socio-political benefits for several countries including Ethiopia. The arabica type is a highly produced coffee in different countries and dominates 70% of the world coffee trade for its qua...
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Enhanced Efficiency of Advanced Encryption Standard (EE-AES) Algorithm
Nahom Gebeyehu Zinabu,
Samuel Asferaw
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2022
Pages:
59-65
Received:
4 May 2022
Accepted:
30 May 2022
Published:
12 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajetm.20220703.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Encryption is a method of coding information or sensitive data or asset, to prevent unauthorized users from accessing it. Currently, it is essential to secure data that is at rest in our computer or is transmitted via web against attacks. Several of cryptographic techniques are being used to preserve security and could be classified as: symmetric and asymmetric. A symmetric algorithm named as Advance Encryption Standard (AES) is selected for enhancement due to its applicability and widely used algorithm. In AES, among the four stages that are used for encryption and decryption, Sub Bytes and Mix Column produce more delay. From the two, mix column accounts 60% of the whole delay. To overcome these challenges, in the designed symmetrical cryptography algorithm mix column stage is replaced by bitwise reverse transposition technique. This helps to improve the speed efficiency of the existing Advance Encryption Standard (AES) and Modified Advance Encryption Standard (MAES) algorithm. The simulation result of our Bitwise Reverse Transposition technique resulted in better encryption speed and decryption speed time when compared with original Advance Encryption Standard (AES) and Modified Advance Encryption Standard (MAES): 128.953% and 115.4% encryption and decryption speed performance. This is because of bitwise reverse transposition. Taking average of ten trials; 140.8% increased the throughput because of bitwise reverse transposition. Hence, our proposed Enhanced-Efficiency Advanced Encryption Standard (EE-AES) has better encryption and decryption speed performance and throughput when compared to original Advance Encryption Standard (AES) and Modified Advanced Encryption Standard (MAES).
Abstract: Encryption is a method of coding information or sensitive data or asset, to prevent unauthorized users from accessing it. Currently, it is essential to secure data that is at rest in our computer or is transmitted via web against attacks. Several of cryptographic techniques are being used to preserve security and could be classified as: symmetric a...
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