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Cultural Practices, Nutritional and Anti-nutritional Composition of Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica)
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
116-121
Received:
31 May 2022
Accepted:
25 July 2022
Published:
16 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221105.12
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Abstract: Anchote [Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn] is one of the indigenous annual trailing vines belonging to the cucurbitaceae family. It is cultivable in the south southwestern parts of Ethiopia. The crop is rich in nutritional, major and minor trace elements and comparatively less amount of anti-nutritional than other roots and tuber crops. However, the crop is neglected and there is less awareness and scientific information regarding the nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of the crop. Thus, this review paper is aimed to pinpoint highlight cultural utilization practices, nutritional contents viz. protein content, fat, fiber, ash, moisture, carbohydrate and energy, and anti-nutritional factors such as (phytate, oxalate, tannin and cyanide). Traditional practices to make anchote more palatable, digestible, to inactivate enzyme inhibitors, and other anti-nutritional factors to qualify it for human consumption were also mentioned. The crop has tremendous nutritional qualities and safe anti-nutritional components. Even though, anchote has such attractive nutritional and socio-economic importance less attention is given to maintain processing quality, reduction of anti-nutrition and standardizing the indigenous knowledge of processing. Thus, the review confirmed that as anchote is untapped food crop to fill foods gaps and feed alarmingly increasing population growth in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Anchote [Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn] is one of the indigenous annual trailing vines belonging to the cucurbitaceae family. It is cultivable in the south southwestern parts of Ethiopia. The crop is rich in nutritional, major and minor trace elements and comparatively less amount of anti-nutritional than other roots and tuber crops. However, the...
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Undernutrition and Associated Factors Among Children and Adolescents Aged 2 to 19 Years Under Antiretroviral Therapy at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon
Choumessi Tchewonpi Aphrodite,
Saha Foudjo Ulrich Brice,
Njeck Thecla Anweck,
Nantia Akono Edouard,
Tibi Sheron Ateh,
Ejoh Aba Richard,
Tume Bonglavnyuy Christopher
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
122-133
Received:
9 August 2022
Accepted:
31 August 2022
Published:
16 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221105.13
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Abstract: Poor nutrition aggravates the effect of HIV by further decreasing the immune system and potentially reducing the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study aimed to assess associated factors of undernutrition among children and adolescents aged 2-19 years old at the paediatric daycare center of the Bamenda Regional Hospital, North-West region of Cameroon. This analytical cross-sectional study included 31 children and 170 adolescents for which anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary parameters were assessed. Knowledge, feeding practices, hygiene and sanitation of parents/guardians were also assessed using a structured pretested questionnaire. The results showed that the prevalence of undernutrition, stunting, acute malnutrition and underweight among study population were 32.8%, 27.4%, 20.4% and 13.9%, respectively. Age between 2 to 9 years old (aOR = 3.988; p = 0.018), occurrence of typhoid fever (aOR = 7.250; p = 0.039), and avitaminosis A (aOR = 7.664; p = 0.004) were positively associated with undernutrition. Being a female (aOR = 0.378; p = 0.029) was negatively associated with undernutrition. Age (p = 0.012), high levels of LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.015) and low dairy products’ intake (p = 0.048) were associated with underweight. Avitaminosis A (p = 0.030) and hyperalbuminemia (p = 0.014) were positively associated with stunting. Positively-associated factors of acute malnutrition were age (p = 0.013), avitaminosis A (p = 0.005), and hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.039). Out of the 8 food groups recorded, pulses and dairy products were infrequently consumed. About one-quarter of households had good knowledge of a balanced diet. Dyslipidemia was predominant (56.2%). Summarily, the prevalence of undernutrition and its forms were high among HIV-positive children and adolescents. Associated factors were being a male, being a child aged 2 to 9 years, occurrence of typhoid fever, avitaminosis A, hyperalbuminemia and dyslipidemia.
Abstract: Poor nutrition aggravates the effect of HIV by further decreasing the immune system and potentially reducing the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study aimed to assess associated factors of undernutrition among children and adolescents aged 2-19 years old at the paediatric daycare center of the Bamenda Regional Hospital, North-West re...
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Production and Evaluation of Mushroom Bread with Low Glycemic Index for Type Two Diabetes
Njeck Yvette Ashi,
Mache Andre Gilles,
Noumo Ngangmou Thierry,
Njounkou Andre Ledoux,
Ejoh Aba Richard
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
134-142
Received:
10 August 2022
Accepted:
25 August 2022
Published:
19 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221105.14
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Abstract: With the increased incidence of Type 2 diabetes worldwide, many therapeutic foods have been used for the reduction of blood glucose amongst which are different varieties of mushrooms. This study determined the effect of Termitomyces le-testui bread on blood glucose reduction. T. le-testui powder was used at up to 30% to replace wheat flour to produce bread. The nutritional, phytochemical, and sensory properties of the bread were determined. The blood glucose reduction property was evaluated on diabetic male Wistar rats and the glycemic index was determined on healthy nondiabetic humans. Incorporated wheat flour with 0 to 25%. T. le-testui increased protein, insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, polyphenols, flavonoids, and vitamin A levels. There was also a significant increase in Mg, Zn, and Fe as the concentration of T. le-testui increased. The decrease in carbohydrates was associated with the increase in T. le-testui powder. The 5% incorporation showed the best sensory properties. T. le-testui reduced the rate of sugar released in non-diabetic humans and in male Wistar rats after 15 days of administration significantly (p=0.001) reduced blood glucose and serum lipids, and increased the HDL levels. T. le-testui mushroom bread can be used by diabetic patients to lower blood sugar levels.
Abstract: With the increased incidence of Type 2 diabetes worldwide, many therapeutic foods have been used for the reduction of blood glucose amongst which are different varieties of mushrooms. This study determined the effect of Termitomyces le-testui bread on blood glucose reduction. T. le-testui powder was used at up to 30% to replace wheat flour to produ...
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Comparative Study of Two Millet-Based Foods Enriched With Cashew Kernel and Tiger Nut
Sekou Traore,
Kisselmina Youssouf Kone,
Doudjo Soro,
Koffi David Akaki
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
143-148
Received:
22 July 2022
Accepted:
30 September 2022
Published:
24 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221105.15
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Abstract: In a context of food insecurity, animal proteins, although considered a reference in terms of nutritional quality, remain inaccessible to many households, hence the use of vegetable proteins which represent an opportunity to meet needs. However, the latter are often less well balanced in essential amino acids than animal sources, which requires complementarity between sources. In order to promote local products of plant origin, a comparative study of two fortified foods was carried out to determine their vitamin A and E content and their amino acid profile. One binary obtained from millet flour enriched with 14.30% cashew kernels and the other ternary obtained from millet flour enriched with 5% cashew kernels and 11.80% tiger nut. The results of the vitamin A and E contents in the binary mixture were respectively 57.5 ± 0.5 mg/100g and 14.95 ± 0.106 mg/100g against respectively 71 ± 2.30 mg/100g and 19.5 ± 0.1 mg/100g in the ternary mixture. The vitamin contents of the ternary mixture were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those of the binary mixture. The amino acid profile indicates the presence of all eight essential amino acids in both samples. However, lysine and isoleucine with respectively contents of 3.61 ± 0.03 mg/g and 4.2 ± 0.004 mg/g, in the binary mixture against 4.02 ± 0.036 mg/g and 3.74 ± 0.05 mg/g, in the ternary mixture was the most representative. In sum, fortification improved the nutritional value of composite flours. This could therefore be an alternative to the problem of malnutrition and a solution in households where access to animal products remains a problem.
Abstract: In a context of food insecurity, animal proteins, although considered a reference in terms of nutritional quality, remain inaccessible to many households, hence the use of vegetable proteins which represent an opportunity to meet needs. However, the latter are often less well balanced in essential amino acids than animal sources, which requires com...
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Risk Factors for Eating Disorders Among Jewish and Arab Young Adults
Ora Peleg,
Orna Tzischinsky
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
149-158
Received:
21 September 2022
Accepted:
8 October 2022
Published:
24 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221105.16
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Abstract: The prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) has been steadily increasing in recent years during young adulthood. Therefore, there is great importance in examining the factors that increase the risk of developing EDs among young people. The innovation of the current study is an examination of a series of risk factors: differentiation of self which is a central family factor, culture, gender, BMI and other background factors. Of the 859 participants (670 females, mean age 26.8), 440 were Jewish and 419 were Arab. Participants completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Differentiation of Self-Revised (DSI-R) questionnaire (including four dimensions: emotional reactivity, I-position, emotional cutoff, fusion with others), BMI and background questionnaires. Results revealed that Jewish participants had significantly lower dieting, bulimia, and total EAT-26 scores than their Arab counterparts, while Jewish female participants had higher dieting and lower emotional cutoff scores than Jewish male participants. In addition, Jews who reported higher levels of risk of EDs had higher levels of BMI, emotional reactivity, emotional cutoff and fusion with others. Arabs who reported higher levels of risk of EDs, had higher levels of BMI and emotional cutoff, and lower levels of I-position. Additionally, among Jewish participants increased BMI enhanced the risk of both bulimia and oral control, while for Arab participants increased BMI reduced the risk of oral control. The results of the current research indicate specific family, BMI and background dimensions that increase the risk of EDs among young adults of two cultures and both genders.
Abstract: The prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) has been steadily increasing in recent years during young adulthood. Therefore, there is great importance in examining the factors that increase the risk of developing EDs among young people. The innovation of the current study is an examination of a series of risk factors: differentiation of self which is a...
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Assessment of Antitumor Activity of β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside Isolated and Identified from Justicia brandegeana
Ayman Aly Shehawy,
Magda Tohamy Ibrahim,
Abdulmajeed Fahad Alrefaei,
Hamed Abdel-Dayem Mohamed,
Enas Sameer Aboutaleb,
Sultan Kadasah
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
159-169
Received:
3 October 2022
Accepted:
21 October 2022
Published:
27 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221105.17
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Abstract: Several species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) are widely used in folk medicine. Also, the plants are used in treatment of central nervous system disorders and epilepsy. On the other hand, some species of this genus are used popularly in headache and fever treatment, in addition to their role as sedative, analgesic, and anti-tumor effect. This study was carried out for isolation and purification of different metabolites as well as assessment the cytotoxicity effect of the major one; β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside against different type of cancer cell lines. An aqueous methanol extract of J. brandegeana has led to the isolation and identification of six known metabolites: free disaccharides known as 4-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)- β-D-glucopyranose (1), methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (2), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (3), Quercetin 3-O-β-D-4C1-galactopyranoside (4), β-Sitosterol-β-D-glucoside (5) and Lupeol (6) for the first time. Their structure elucidation was based on different spectroscopic analyses. Indeed, Cytotoxic activity of the major constituent namely; β-Sitosterol-β-D-glucoside was evaluated against seven types of cancer cell lines namely; Breast carcinoma (MCF-7), Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2), Colon carcinoma (HCT-116), Lung carcinoma (A-549), Prostate carcinoma (PC-3), Larynx carcinoma HEP-2 and Cervical carcinoma (HELA) cell lines, the results revealed that the cytotoxicity ranged from 0.57-57.25, 3.72-65.08, 5.94-68.51, 8.22-76.15, 0.0-60.13, 0.0-38.62, and 0.0-25.81% in case of breast carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, colon carcinoma, lung carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, larynx carcinoma, and cervical carcinoma cell lines respectively. Thus, β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside could be recommended as anti-cancer (Lung carcinoma) after determining the safe dose for human use.
Abstract: Several species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) are widely used in folk medicine. Also, the plants are used in treatment of central nervous system disorders and epilepsy. On the other hand, some species of this genus are used popularly in headache and fever treatment, in addition to their role as sedative, analgesic, and anti-tumor effect. This study was...
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The Role of Specific Micronutrients in Light of Their Importance in Contributing to Preterm Low Birth Weight Infants
Md. Belal Uddin,
Mrinal Kanti Das,
Md. Fazlul Kader,
Sanchita Sarker,
Be-Nazir Ahmmad,
Syeda Nafisa Islam
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
170-176
Received:
28 September 2022
Accepted:
18 October 2022
Published:
31 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221105.18
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Abstract: Background: This article gives a comprehensive analysis of the current situation pertaining to the most important micronutrients contained in BD. Major Micronutrient Deficiency (MND) and Their Crucial Role This article discusses preterm infants with low birth weight, sufficient supplemental feeding, and nutritional fortification in the treatment of MND. In Bangladesh, preterm birth significantly increases the risk of vitamin deficiency (MND). The significance of micronutrients and the practice of supplementing the diets of infants with low birth weight in Bangladesh with micronutrients are explored. Micronutrient insufficiency is a big concern in rural Bangladesh (MND). Since the 1980s, the micronutrient status of children and women has been examined using data from nationwide surveys and select small surveys. Recent research finds that the majority of pregnant and breastfeeding women are anemic. Numerous factors, including insufficient diet, poor hygiene, illness, and infestation, may contribute to high levels of deficiencies. In a number of areas (such as quality and compliance), progress has been achieved, but there are still significant challenges to overcome. Despite the fact that existing intervention programs have had some success in treating the severe deficiencies, micronutrient deficiencies in Bangladesh remain a substantial problem, according to the report. Result: Most newborns with LBW were stunted by 24 months. MM boosted neonatal iron and zinc, and maternal vitamin D. My study found a favorable link between maternal micronutrient level and infant status for Ferritin, Vitamin, Zinc, folate, and vitamin B-12. MM is better than IFA. My study also indicated a decrease in anemia. Conclusion: Most vitamins and minerals are inadequate in children under 24 months' supplemental meals. Inadequacy does not explain the study's high stunting rate. After controlling for other causes, low birth weight is the leading cause of infant stunting. Improving the supplement's nutritional quality is crucial for development. This may not be adequate to reduce newborn stunting. Further study should discover synergistic techniques to reduce stunting and improve maternal health.
Abstract: Background: This article gives a comprehensive analysis of the current situation pertaining to the most important micronutrients contained in BD. Major Micronutrient Deficiency (MND) and Their Crucial Role This article discusses preterm infants with low birth weight, sufficient supplemental feeding, and nutritional fortification in the treatment of...
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