Effect of Improper Urban - Land - Use on Road Safety in Debre Markos Town, Ethiopia
Azimeraw Belsti Melese,
Belay Beleke Adera
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
93-99
Received:
13 July 2022
Accepted:
11 August 2022
Published:
4 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajtte.20220706.11
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Abstract: In this era of rapid economic development in developing countries, high interest in urbanization, and increasing urban functional land uses, many towns emerge unplanned. In addition, the need for transportation to mobilize goods and travelers, which frequently produces accidents in many towns and cities, several findings show that road traffic accidents occur in an urban area because of the vehicle, driver, environment, and other related factors. However, this study investigated the improper usage of urban land for different functions as additional accident factors, which is the root and still hidden problem for road traffic accidents in an urban area. The aim of this study is to recognize the kinds of urban land use that are highly associated with traffic accidents and to advise on the most efficient strategy for reducing these serious accidents. A method for this study was by identifying areas where frequent accidents were recorded and probably related to the use of the land in this area. Two selected cluster areas of about 6.5 km2 were investigated to determine the relationship between road traffic accidents and the functional land uses. Hence, a direct link between functional land use and road accidents was investigated. A general prediction model for forecasting vehicle accidents related to land use has been developed using variable responses, with functional primary land use and traffic volume. Overall, the study found that traffic accidents on roads in urban centers and public institutions were particularly associated with congested, limited, and centralized commercial land use and unbalanced traffic generation and attraction land use. Most crashes have occurred in commercial and terminal land-use type. Almost 67% of the accident were recorded on zone-1, which was 39.4% commercial and 22.9% residential whereas, commercial proportion is only 2.9% and residential is 59.9% in case of zone-2. The multivariate accident prediction model for different land-use types as developed and presented, formed by several parameters, like Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) as an exposure variable, and land use types; residential (R), Commercial (C), social and municipality (SM), terminal (T), government administration (GA), green (G) and industry (I). Prediction model shows that unlike other land use types, commercial land-use type is highly correlated with predicted accidents and minimum increment in the area of commercial land type will significant improvement of road safety issues.
Abstract: In this era of rapid economic development in developing countries, high interest in urbanization, and increasing urban functional land uses, many towns emerge unplanned. In addition, the need for transportation to mobilize goods and travelers, which frequently produces accidents in many towns and cities, several findings show that road traffic acci...
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On Performance Measure for Intermittencies in Vehicle Routing Problems (IVRP) with Road Restrictions and Forced Split Deliveries
Adebayo Kayode James,
Ogunyebi Segun Nathaniel,
Aderibigbe Felix Makanjuola,
Awe Bosede,
Omowaye Kehinde Solomon,
Olateju Samuel Olaniyi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
100-107
Received:
4 August 2022
Accepted:
24 August 2022
Published:
10 January 2023
Abstract: Business activities are expanding daily as numerous customers enter the supply chain. The distribution, transportation, and supply chain management problems currently ravaging business activities are of different issues ranging from varying customers with other entry conditions into the market, different vehicles with various conditions and different restrictions facing the routes traversed are not left out. This paper aims to develop a model for Intermittencies in Vehicle Routing Problems (IVRP) that will holistically annex the various priorities and road restrictions leading to a forced split delivery occasioned by either the Customers’ Vehicle Preference, the Road Time Restriction, the Vehicle Weight Restriction, or the Vehicle Height Restriction. It will consider the service choices and recent research updates on customers’ intermittencies in vehicle routing problems as well as look into the differences in customers’ demand over a vehicle carrying capacity. The paper discusses various stages of Late Request Customers (LRC) as Pre-Service stage, During Service Stage, and Post Service Stage that interposes in Early Request Customers (ERC) hence resulting in intermittencies referred to as Intermittencies in Vehicle Routing Problems (IVRP). The paper conceptualizes the priorities that arise in vehicle routing and stress the interconnectivity between priorities as it affects the interjectory intermittent situations and road restrictions. Solving problems of this nature could be quite tasking, requiring optimizing along with different directions. Reasons for these are associated with uncertainties that real-life situations make life dynamical, opening the vista that brought about intermittencies in Vehicle Routing Problems (IVRP). To achieve these feats, this paper formulates dynamics that fuse the various stages of LRC into ERC as well as considers the splitting effect caused by the road restrictions, analyses the fused LRC into the formulated relation, and encapsulates road restrictions.
Abstract: Business activities are expanding daily as numerous customers enter the supply chain. The distribution, transportation, and supply chain management problems currently ravaging business activities are of different issues ranging from varying customers with other entry conditions into the market, different vehicles with various conditions and differe...
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