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Causes of Irregular Migration, Institutional and Legal Responses, Political Crisis in Ethiopia and the Measures Taken by the Laureates Noble Peace Winner Abiy Ahmed
Gutema Adem,
Idris Ebrahim
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
124-131
Received:
3 August 2020
Accepted:
24 August 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: This article examined the fundamental causes of irregular migration in Ethiopia and the legal and institutional response of the government against human trafficking and smuggling. Though the world are in the era of irregular migration, migration is not simply situation of safe paradise without any risk to states, global communities and to human security and dignity of migrants. Accordingly the fundamental causes of irregular migration in Ethiopia are diverse, structural and inter locked. Poverty, unemployment, political crisis, social network connection, poorly enforcement of the existing law and legal gap, violation of democratic rights, corruption, unlawful arrest and detention, biased and partisan administrative, discriminatory service provision and unfair judicial system are taken as the principal driving factors for irregular migration in Ethiopia. As result of the aforementioned factors, Ethiopia the cradle of human being, today named as cradle for human trafficking and smuggling pursuing profit seeking and cheap labour for inexpensive and convenient servitude. Thus, correcting this disparity of structural and social injustice in Ethiopia is central to tackling poverty and inequality. To reduce the threat of shocks as result of poverty, individuals and governments must seek to enhance people’s security: not the militarized version of security that has dominated public debate in recent two years under the regime of Ethiopian primister colonel Abiy Ahmed, but a more comprehensive human version, taking the insecurity and anxiety ridden experience of living in poverty as its starting point. Thus, the researcher recommended that guaranteeing security in this way means strengthens poor, humiliated and dissatisfied Ethiopian ability to survive shocks and increases their chances of escaping g from poverty in general, and irregular migration in particular.
Abstract: This article examined the fundamental causes of irregular migration in Ethiopia and the legal and institutional response of the government against human trafficking and smuggling. Though the world are in the era of irregular migration, migration is not simply situation of safe paradise without any risk to states, global communities and to human sec...
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Staging the Authentic and the Theatre of Universality in J.M. Synge’s The Shadow of the Glen
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
132-138
Received:
21 July 2020
Accepted:
3 August 2020
Published:
8 December 2020
Abstract: This paper argues that J.M. Synge’s [1] The Shadow of the Glen can be used to sharpen our understanding of the relationships between regionalism, universality and the authentic in dramatic literature. My suggestion is that the key component in that tension is Synge’s presentation of what was to be considered authentic, since literature in Ireland was real exercise in fostering national consciousness. I argue that Synge’s representation of the regional drifts from issues of “authenticity” not because it is not a factual account of real events, but because it is not so heavily and so self-consciously authenticated. As shall be argued below, The Shadow of the Glen is concerned with the local, presented with a universal interest. Synge universalizes the characters’ experiences as he revisits the golden past of the Gaelic culture. This is not to suggest that the playwright was not authentic, but instead that his play shows the author’s self-awareness about how literary constructions of the authentic function. He understood that the representation of the regional to a metropolitan audience will always require a negotiation of the relationship between reality and audience’s expectation. Synge managed that tension not by asserting the authenticity of his narrative but by insisting on the authenticity of his own outlook as an artist. This self-consciousness in the presentation and reconstruction of the clash between the regional and the global is an example of how we can think of Synge as a modernist writer.
Abstract: This paper argues that J.M. Synge’s [1] The Shadow of the Glen can be used to sharpen our understanding of the relationships between regionalism, universality and the authentic in dramatic literature. My suggestion is that the key component in that tension is Synge’s presentation of what was to be considered authentic, since literature in Ireland w...
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The Construction of Empire-Garden in Sir Philip Sidney’s New Arcadia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
139-146
Received:
18 October 2020
Accepted:
30 November 2020
Published:
11 December 2020
Abstract: The yearning to return to an idyllic ideal or a paradise of a long-lost past seems to be inherent in all men regardless of time and situation, and the poets have been the spokesmen for this dream. Garden poetry is variously reflected in the works of Hesiod, Homer, Virgil, Ovid, Ariosto, Tasso, Petrarch, Dante. The emblematic meaning of garden poetry during the European Renaissance and the prevalence of real garden at the time enormously inspires the imagination of the English poet to invent an ideal “England garden.” In addition, the progression of the spirit of nationalism that results from Reformation enables the court poet with political ideal ardently anticipates the coming of Elizabeth an empire garden. The Renaissance English poets metaphorically take a state or a “body politic” as a garden, which could be evidenced in the tradition of literature, politics, culture and religion at the time. Sir Philip Sidney, a courtier-poet-warrior of the sixteenth century England, zealously wrote his ideal of Elizabethan England into his pastoral romance, New Arcadia. This paper, while centering on the courtly culture, literary tradition and political ideal, attempts to present Sidney’s imagination of Elizabethan empire as a garden that is literally constructed in New Arcadia and hopefully reflects the humanistic ideal of the intellectuals of English Renaissance---the construction of a harmonious Elizabethan garden.
Abstract: The yearning to return to an idyllic ideal or a paradise of a long-lost past seems to be inherent in all men regardless of time and situation, and the poets have been the spokesmen for this dream. Garden poetry is variously reflected in the works of Hesiod, Homer, Virgil, Ovid, Ariosto, Tasso, Petrarch, Dante. The emblematic meaning of garden poetr...
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A Study of Ian McEwan’s The Child in Time: Ethics of Empathic Care and the Healing of Personal Trauma
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
147-153
Received:
28 November 2020
Accepted:
8 December 2020
Published:
16 December 2020
Abstract: Ian McEwan, one of the foremost contemporary novelists in Britain, insists that empathy is at the core of humanity and is the beginning of morality. McEwan’s concern for empathy and morality finds its expression in his novels. In The Child in Time, one of Ian McEwan’s representative novels, the protagonist Stephen Lewis suffers the trauma of losing his three-year-old daughter. This paper argues how Stephen under the influence of empathic care received from Thelma and his mother, gradually steps out of his narcissistic concern with searching for his lost daughter to heal his personal trauma and finally reconciles with his estranged wife Julie to begin a new life through practicing ethics of empathic care in his life. Stephen emotionally connects with his parents and his wife through rendering his empathic understanding and empathic care for them. Stephen’s empathic understanding for his friend Darke’s tragic death due to his failure to develop an authentic and balanced self that combines the inner child qualities with adult qualities makes Stephen have deep reflection about the relationship between childhood and adulthood and modestly learn from his lost child Kate to enrich his human nature, which prepares him to further reconcile with Julie with empathy. In their empathic communication and care, the estrangement between Stephen and Julie since Kate’s loss finally melts away. Fully recovered from the trauma of loss of their child, Stephen and Julie will continue to practice ethics of empathic care to heal everyone and everything, starting from themselves. What Ian McEwan promotes in The Child in Time is to practice ethics of empathic care in relationships, with hope of healing not only individuals but also communities, from families to the Government, the country and the planet.
Abstract: Ian McEwan, one of the foremost contemporary novelists in Britain, insists that empathy is at the core of humanity and is the beginning of morality. McEwan’s concern for empathy and morality finds its expression in his novels. In The Child in Time, one of Ian McEwan’s representative novels, the protagonist Stephen Lewis suffers the trauma of losing...
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L1 Thinking in Reading Process of Chinese College Students at Different Levels of English Proficiency
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
154-158
Received:
20 November 2020
Accepted:
8 December 2020
Published:
22 December 2020
Abstract: The paper adopts think-aloud method to record the thinking process of Chinese college students of different levels when they are reading English materials. The think-aloud protocols are transcribed, and the L1 thinking in their reading process is analyzed. The results are as follows: Readers at different levels apply L1 thinking in their L2 reading process to deal with vocabulary and sentence in different ways. Readers in low-level and intermediate-level group rely heavily on L1 to deal with word meaning because of the limitation of their vocabulary yet readers in advanced-level group tend to use more L1 to associate semantic meaning in the process of L2 reading. Participants in advanced-level group usually read several of sentences and skim or scan information which is regard as not useful and import while participants in low-level and intermediate-level group usually read almost all the sentences and try to comprehend all of them regardless of their importance. In light of the findings generated by the study, teachers may have different perspectives while dealing with students’ reading activities. Since L1 thinking generally exists in the process of L2 reading, we should pay more attention to how to guide students to utilize L1 facilitating reading according to different students.
Abstract: The paper adopts think-aloud method to record the thinking process of Chinese college students of different levels when they are reading English materials. The think-aloud protocols are transcribed, and the L1 thinking in their reading process is analyzed. The results are as follows: Readers at different levels apply L1 thinking in their L2 reading...
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The Transforming Cultural Identity of Hong Kong as Reflected in Jackie Chan’s Police Story Series
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
159-164
Received:
30 November 2020
Accepted:
11 December 2020
Published:
22 December 2020
Abstract: Filmic texts embody the discussion of issues like identity and self-determination. Many films of Jackie Chan who is a well-known international film star, set the story in Hong Kong, thus inevitably presenting various cultural aspects of the city. Being an especially important historical event, the return of Hong Kong to China affects every aspect of people’s lives, which are consciously or unconsciously recorded in filmic texts. Seeking recourse to Stuart Hall’s concept of cultural identity and Wang Yuechuan’s theory of identity recognition, this paper analyzes Jackie Chan’s three filmic texts from the Police Story series, hoping to probe into the conflicts and changes of Hong Kong’s transforming cultural identity at three time periods before and after the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region upon the reunification with China, so as to prove both the complexity and importance of the identity issues. The paper will approach the three filmic texts from the following aspects: changed names of the main characters and their symbolic meanings, differences in plot and dialogue designs, and cultural meaning of urban space and architecture. Finally, the paper also invites the readers to reflect on the issues of representation on differences and identity recognition in general.
Abstract: Filmic texts embody the discussion of issues like identity and self-determination. Many films of Jackie Chan who is a well-known international film star, set the story in Hong Kong, thus inevitably presenting various cultural aspects of the city. Being an especially important historical event, the return of Hong Kong to China affects every aspect o...
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