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Effects of two Potting Soils on Growth of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) in Kéréwane (Kolda/Sénégal)
Arfang Ousmane Kémo Goudiaby,
Antoine Sambou,
Mamadou Abdoul Ader Diédhiou,
Abdourahmane Diallo,
Mamadou Lamine Sagna
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
101-105
Received:
2 April 2021
Accepted:
28 April 2021
Published:
8 May 2021
Abstract: Moringa oleifera and Leucaena leucocephala are two species which constitute a significant food, medicinal and economic source for the populations of Casamance. The objective of this study is to determine the most suitable substrate for good germination and better growth of these species. Thus a completely randomized block design with two factors (species and substrates) repeated four times was installed. The germination rate, the number of leaves, the diameter at the collar, the height, the humidity and the biomass were determined. The results of the germination rate showed that there was no significant difference between the treatments for both M. oleifera and L. leucocephala regardless of the treatment. The number of leaves, the growth in diameter and in height are significantly higher in the plants of the treatment S1 (9.70 leaves / plant; 0.41 cm for the diameter at the collar and 28.05 cm for the average height of the plants) for M.oleifera compared to other treatments (number of leaves P=0.003; diameter at the collar P=0.001 and height P=0.04). With regard to L. leucocephala, no significant difference (P=0.75) was noted for the number of leaves and the diameter at the collar (P=0.19) between the different substrates. The height of the plants of the substrate S3 (13.54 cm) of L. leucocephala is significantly different (P=0.001) compared to the other substrates. The results of the moisture content of the M. oleifera and L. leucocephala plants did not show any significant difference whatever the substrate. Regarding the dry aerial and root biomass of the plants of M. oleifera and L. leucocephala, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the substrates (P=0.46 for M. oleifera and P=0.21 for L. leucocephala).
Abstract: Moringa oleifera and Leucaena leucocephala are two species which constitute a significant food, medicinal and economic source for the populations of Casamance. The objective of this study is to determine the most suitable substrate for good germination and better growth of these species. Thus a completely randomized block design with two factors (s...
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Energy Inputs of Selected Agroforestry Systems in Zamboanga City, Philippines
Elderico Perater Tabal,
Teodoro Castañeda Mendoza,
Roselyn Furoc Paelmo,
Jose Nestor Montealto Garcia,
Roberto Garaña Visco
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
106-113
Received:
14 April 2021
Accepted:
8 May 2021
Published:
20 May 2021
Abstract: A study aimed to estimate the energy inputs of selected agroforestry systems (AFSs) within the Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) in Zamboanga City, Philippines was conducted. All Mcal units were converted into Liter Diesel Oil Equivalent (LDOE), where 1.0 LDOE = 11.414 Mcal. Purposive sampling was used in determining the fitted characteristics and the number of respondents required across the 16 CBFM sites, where nine (9) dominant AFSs were identified. A total of 100 respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The relationships of predictors such as the direct, indirect and embedded energy inputs per AFS were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Means, percentages and sums were compared. The rubber+1based AFS obtained the lowest total energy inputs (TEI) at 5,790.5 Mcal ha-1 or equal to 507.3 LDOE ha-1, while the rubber+3based AFS obtained the highest TEI at 11,801.3 Mcal ha-1 (1,034.0 LDOE ha-1) compared to other AFSs such as the coconut+1based, mango-based, marang-based, lanzones-based, coconut+3based, rubber+2based and coconut+2based with individual TEI that ranged from 6,267.16-11,250.2 Mcal ha-1 (549.1-985.6 LDOE ha-1). Of the total TEI across the nine (9) AFSs, the direct energy input (DEI) contributed 1.6-5.4%, indirect energy input (IEI) 94.1-98.0% and embedded energy input (EEI) 0.3-0.5%, respectively. The TEI is the sum total of DEI, IEI and EEI where each was accounted from pre-land preparation (PLP), crop establishment (CE), crop care and maintenance (CCM), harvest and postharvest (HPH) activities. The high imputed cost on IEI was attributed to high usage of agrochemicals and labor which are identified as the ‘energy hotspots’ or the energy-intensive inputs. The high plant density and number of trees present within the system contributed significantly in the overall TEI. Understanding the significant contributions of various energy-intensive systems will guide policy makers and local planners to initiate an integrated farming approach with reduced energy inputs that is climate smart with higher economic potential for the upland environment in the City of Zamboanga.
Abstract: A study aimed to estimate the energy inputs of selected agroforestry systems (AFSs) within the Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) in Zamboanga City, Philippines was conducted. All Mcal units were converted into Liter Diesel Oil Equivalent (LDOE), where 1.0 LDOE = 11.414 Mcal. Purposive sampling was used in determining the fitted characteristi...
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Correlation Coefficient and Path Analyses of Yield and Yield Related Traits of Korean Double Haploid Rice for Germplasm Improvement in Nigeria
Salim Hassan Kafi,
Efisue Andrew Abiodun,
Olasanmi Bunmi,
Kang Kyung-Ho
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
114-121
Received:
25 April 2021
Accepted:
10 May 2021
Published:
20 May 2021
Abstract: The success of plant breeding depends on the availability of genetic variation, knowledge about desired traits, and efficient selection strategies that make it possible to exploit existing genetic resource. This study was carried out at Africa Rice Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Nigeria, and 239 double haploid lines from Republic of Korea were established along with one of the rice mega varieties (FARO 44) as check. The experiment was conducted using Alpha lattice design with four blocks each planted with 60 entries in two replications. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) among the genotypes indicating existence of variation among the genotypes. Correlation coefficient of the yield and its association traits revealed significantly positive correlation of grain yield with number of tillers, plant height, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, effective tillers, leaf area, leaf area index, fertility, biomass, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle and grain yield per plant, hence, selection for these traits can improve yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that days to 50% flowering, leaf area index, fertility, biomass, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle and grain yield per plant exhibited positive direct effect on grain yield. Among all traits examined, panicle weight had the highest significant positive correlation and high positive direct effect. Stepwise regression showed that characters such as panicle weight, grain yield per plant, flag leaf, days to 50% flowering, effective tillers and 1000 grain weight contributed more to the total grain yield. Therefore, selections for the aforementioned characters will assist breeders in making good improvement in rice grain yield.
Abstract: The success of plant breeding depends on the availability of genetic variation, knowledge about desired traits, and efficient selection strategies that make it possible to exploit existing genetic resource. This study was carried out at Africa Rice Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Nigeria, and 239 double haploi...
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Soybean Meal Incorporation in Diet Improves the Growth and Survival Performances of Juveniles of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Rural Area of Senegal
Ly Mouhamadou Amadou,
Sarr Serigne Modou,
Ndiaye Nanthiely
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
122-126
Received:
22 April 2021
Accepted:
12 May 2021
Published:
26 May 2021
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate if the soybean meal incorporation in locally made diet will improves the growth and survival performances of fry of Nile tilapia in rural area of Senegal. A completely randomized design with four treatments of soybean meal incorporation (0, 15, 30 and 32%) was utilized in this study. The formulated diets had 35% crude protein content. The fingerlings were fed to satiation two times a day at 9 AM and 4 PM for 56 days. The analysis of variance showed final weight, specific growth rate and percent weight gain of fish increased significantly (P < 0.05) as soybean meal was added up to 30% level. The feed conversion ratio values were high and decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increase of soybean meal in the diet, ranging from 2.17 to 2.90. There was also a significant difference (P < 0.05) in survival among treatment, survival ranged from 62.22% to 91.11%. Except temperature, the water quality parameters were in the optimal range of O. niloticus. In conclusion, the result of this study shows that soybean meal can be added to up to 30% in the O. niloticus diet, without affecting growth performances.
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate if the soybean meal incorporation in locally made diet will improves the growth and survival performances of fry of Nile tilapia in rural area of Senegal. A completely randomized design with four treatments of soybean meal incorporation (0, 15, 30 and 32%) was utilized in this study. The formulated diets had ...
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Adaptation and Growth Performance Evaluation of Nitrogen Fixing Tree/Shrub Species in Dello-menna District of Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia
Wondmagegn Bekele,
Bikila Mengistu,
Hirpa Abebe,
Zerihun Dibaba,
Fikru Ameyu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
127-130
Received:
5 March 2021
Accepted:
11 May 2021
Published:
27 May 2021
Abstract: Prior integration of any tree/shrub species in a given land use system there is always the need of undertaking a field trials for the adaptability and growth performance evaluation for particular environment. Study was designed and conducted to evaluate the adaptability potential and growth performance of six nitrogen fixing tree/shrub species in Dello-menna district of Bale zone, southeast Ethiopia. The considered species in the study are Cajanus cajan, Flemingya macrophylla, Gliricidia sepium, Sesbania sesban, Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephela. Seedlings were produced in a nursery site and transplanted to the experimental site. The experiment was laid out in RCBD design with three replications, and the management practices employed uniformly for each species throughout the stud period. In the study the necessary growth performance data parameters; plant height, root collar diameter and survival rate were measured and recorded. Thereafter, the data was analyzed by GenStat (15th ed) and Excel computerized programs. Results obtained showed that, these growth performance data parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) varied among the tested species. In this respect, Flemingya macrophylla, Sesbania sesban, Gliricidia sepium and Cajanus cajan attain the higher mean values in survival rate, plant height and root collar diameter. While Leucaena leucocephela and Calliandra calothyrsus attain the lowest mean values for the entire growth performance parameters. Hence, it can be inferred that the study site matched well with the environmental requirement of F. macrophylla, S. sesban, G. sepium and C. cajan. The species therefore offers much promise for future use in any of agroforestry practices in the area. However, evaluation of their contribution to soil fertility improvement and crop yield needs to be further investigated as this may insights to know their nutrient provision potential while integrated together with annual and/or perennial plants in agroforestry land use system.
Abstract: Prior integration of any tree/shrub species in a given land use system there is always the need of undertaking a field trials for the adaptability and growth performance evaluation for particular environment. Study was designed and conducted to evaluate the adaptability potential and growth performance of six nitrogen fixing tree/shrub species in D...
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Impact of Alleyway and In-row Planted Groundcovers in Midwestern Vineyard
Benjamin Allen Loseke,
Paul Eugene Read,
Stephen Joseph Gamet
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
131-140
Received:
16 April 2021
Accepted:
14 May 2021
Published:
27 May 2021
Abstract: In many Midwestern vineyards a one meter weed-free strip is maintained directly beneath the vines to reduce vine-weed competition. Conventionally, this strip has been conserved with repeated applications of herbicide, mainly glyphosate. The necessity for this weed-free strip to reduce vine-weed competition has been well documented in more arid climates. However, in areas with higher soil fertility and adequate rainfall grapevines can become overly vigorous and competition with a groundcover (GC) has been shown to be a useful tool to alleviate excess growth. Moreover, stand establishment and early vine growth have not been well documented when planting GC immediately following the vine planting. The main objective of this project was to assess the severity of competition for water between ‘Edelweiss’ grapevines and neighboring permanent GC treatments. In year one (2014), the vineyard and GCs were established, where the GCs were planted immediately after the vines. Generally, GC treatments had lower Midday Leaf Water Potential (Ψmd) than the herbicide sprayed control, however, none of the treatments exhibited even slight water stress between 2015 and 2017. Vine-GC competition was most apparent in the three years of pruning weights, where the most native grass GC treatment had an average of 158% lower weights than the control. Results suggest that planting specific groundcovers in both the alleyways and in-row areas of the vineyard during the first year of establishment can be overly detrimental to vine growth and causes reduced yields but other groundcovers can be a useful alternative to chemical weed control.
Abstract: In many Midwestern vineyards a one meter weed-free strip is maintained directly beneath the vines to reduce vine-weed competition. Conventionally, this strip has been conserved with repeated applications of herbicide, mainly glyphosate. The necessity for this weed-free strip to reduce vine-weed competition has been well documented in more arid clim...
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The Composition and Phosphate-Solubilizing Capability of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in the Rhizosphere of Wild Camellia oleifera in Mountain Lushan
Qibiao Sun,
Yanfen Liu,
Yan Tang,
Peiyu Zhang,
Yao Tong,
Gang He,
Xiaohong Ji,
Zhenying He,
Jianping Ouyang,
Hongfang Zhang,
Ye Chen
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
141-146
Received:
14 May 2021
Accepted:
26 May 2021
Published:
31 May 2021
Abstract: Camellia oleifera, a unique edible oil tree species in China, is of important economic value. However, the shortage of phosphorus in the soil is one of the important factors limiting the growth of C. oleifera. Here, we investigated the population size and composition of culturable phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in the rhizosphere soil of wild C. oleifera in Mountain Lushan, China. PSB were isolated using a dilution coating plate method and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The phosphate-solubilizing capability of the isolated PSB was evaluated by a semi-quantitative method (the ratio of phosphate solubilization halo diameter versus colony diameter). The results showed that large amounts of PSB existed in the rhizosphere soil of wild C. oleifera (0.28–1.08×107 CFU/g soil) and the population size of PSB differed from investigated trees. A total of 100 strains of PSB were isolated from the rhizosphere soil, belonging to Bacillus, Burkholderia, Pantoea, Paraburkholderia, and Pseudomonas, respectively. Of these strains, Burkholderia showed the highest isolation frequency and phosphate-solubilizing capability, accounting for 61% of the isolates. The phosphate solubilization index of 100 strains varied from 1.02 to 3.04 after a 6-day incubation, and Bacillus strains were easy to lose their phosphate-solubilizing capability during the incubation. Our result suggested that Burkholderia was the dominant genus of PSB in the rhizosphere of C. oleifera and could be utilized for facilitating the uptake of P.
Abstract: Camellia oleifera, a unique edible oil tree species in China, is of important economic value. However, the shortage of phosphorus in the soil is one of the important factors limiting the growth of C. oleifera. Here, we investigated the population size and composition of culturable phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in the rhizosphere soil of wil...
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Alleviative Effects of Zinc on Biomass Yield and Antioxidative Enzymes Activity in Leaves of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Under Salt Stress
Sadia Afrin,
Nahid Akhtar,
Tahmina Khanam,
Feroza Hossain
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
147-155
Received:
30 April 2021
Accepted:
25 May 2021
Published:
7 June 2021
Abstract: The present study was conducted to determine the interaction effects of zinc availability and salt stress in Bangladeshi soybean cultivar (cv. Shohag) whether zinc can alleviate the hazardous effects of salt stress or not. In this study, the plants are grown in zinc treated soil and also exposed to increasing (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM NaCl) levels of salinity. The results showed that the dry weight of root, stem, leaves, petioles and total dry weight were significantly reduced by salinity. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, proline content were significantly affected by salt stress. Zinc supplementation helped the plants to cope with the salinity stress by improving the total dry weight. The antioxidant enzyme activities including catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and proline content increased in response to salinity. The extent of lipid peroxidation noticed in salt stressed plants. However, zinc application enhanced catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity as well as proline content in growing plants at different salt concentrations. The interaction between zinc and salinity significantly reduced lipid peroxidation. Application of zinc to salt-stressed plants ameliorates the salinity induced hazardous effects by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT and APX and Proline content.
Abstract: The present study was conducted to determine the interaction effects of zinc availability and salt stress in Bangladeshi soybean cultivar (cv. Shohag) whether zinc can alleviate the hazardous effects of salt stress or not. In this study, the plants are grown in zinc treated soil and also exposed to increasing (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM NaCl)...
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Aggressiveness of the Fungi Responsible for Pod Rot in Cropping Systems Based on Cocoa Trees (Theobroma cacao L.) in Cameroon
Ze Medjap Abel Second,
Yaouba Aoudou,
Bikomo Mbonomo Rene
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
156-163
Received:
14 May 2021
Accepted:
31 May 2021
Published:
7 June 2021
Abstract: To evaluate the Aggressiveness of the fungi responsible for pod rot in cropping systems based on cocoa trees (Theobroma Cacao L.), 3 cropping systems having cocoa trees were characterized: Cocoa trees associated with fruits and forest trees (S1), Cocoa trees associated with plantains and palm oil (S2) and associated cocoa trees with coffee trees (S3). 150 pods were collected per year for isolation and in-situ pathogenicity tests. Three culture media called V6-agar, V8-agar and Potato - Dextrose - Agar (PDA) were made for the in-vitro culture of fungi associated with pods. The test was conducted using a random split split plots arrangement with 9 replicates. As results obtained: of the 8 mushrooms which were isolated from the pods, only 3 are responsible for the burps. It is about Phytophthora megakarya, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Black pods disease caused by P. megakarya was the most aggressively from cocoa pods associated with fruits and forest trees at a decay rate of 5% during a dryng season and 55% during a rainy season. The lesion areas developed by P. megakarya ranged from 40 cm2 during a dryng season to 220 cm2 during a rainy season. Cropping system having cocoa trees associated with fruits and forest trees (S1) is the most vulnerable to the the Aggressiveness of the fungi responsible for pod rot.
Abstract: To evaluate the Aggressiveness of the fungi responsible for pod rot in cropping systems based on cocoa trees (Theobroma Cacao L.), 3 cropping systems having cocoa trees were characterized: Cocoa trees associated with fruits and forest trees (S1), Cocoa trees associated with plantains and palm oil (S2) and associated cocoa trees with coffee trees (S...
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