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Factors Associated with Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage) Among Women in Ghana
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
1-6
Received:
16 February 2021
Accepted:
1 March 2021
Published:
12 March 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijacm.20210901.11
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Abstract: Background: Spontaneous abortion in other words miscarriage is considered as one of the utmost frequent problems a woman may experience during early pregnancy which usually predominates from chromosomal abnormalities and hormonal problems. Objective: The main aim of the study was to identify maternal socio-demographic factors associated with spontaneous abortion among women in Ghana. Methods: Ghana Maternal Health Survey data was used for this study. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. The association between dependent and independent variables was explored using chi-square. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of Spontaneous abortion history (ever had a miscarriage) among the respondents was 15.6%. Chi-square analysis revealed significant relation between miscarriage and the following demographic factors: age of the woman X2=1853.557, P ≤ 0.001, educational status X2=76.755, P ≤ 0.001, marital status X2=967.688, P ≤ 0.001, place of residence X2=23.410, P ≤ 0.001, ethnicity X2=45.195, P ≤ 0.001 and Regional belt X2=49.005, P ≤ 0.001. the study further revealed significant relation between miscarriage and other independent variable: age of first union X2=67.199, P ≤ 0.001, abortion history X2=113.804, P ≤ 0.001, exposure to radio X2=63.424, P ≤ 0.001, exposure to TV X2=16.403, P ≤ 0.001, exposure to mobile X2=190.179, P ≤ 0.001 and exposure to internet X2=44.528, P ≤ 0.001.
Abstract: Background: Spontaneous abortion in other words miscarriage is considered as one of the utmost frequent problems a woman may experience during early pregnancy which usually predominates from chromosomal abnormalities and hormonal problems. Objective: The main aim of the study was to identify maternal socio-demographic factors associated with sponta...
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Prevalence of Pregnancy Among Adolescent Living with HIV in Muhoroni Sub County Kisumu County, Kenya
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
7-10
Received:
5 January 2021
Accepted:
20 January 2021
Published:
20 April 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijacm.20210901.12
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Abstract: Background: Pregnant and breastfeeding adolescents HIV-infected are a particularly vulnerable group that require special attention and enhanced support to achieve optimal maternal and infant outcomes. Aim: To find out the prevalence of pregnancy in adolescent living with HIV, review evidence about antenatal care (ANC) service delivery and outcomes for HIV-infected pregnant adolescents in Muhoroni Sub County. Setting: The study was conducted in Muhoroni Sub County, Kisumu County, Kenya. Method: Questionnaire was used on the total 98 girls who were on care at the Referral center containing the adolescents’ center which was Masogo sub-county hospital and Muhoroni County Hospital within the sub-county to obtained the results. Result: Of the 98 girls 25 (25.5%) hard pregnancy history in which 10 (10.2%) hard knowledge on PMTCT, while only 4 (4.1%) were having knowledge on PNS and lastly all the pregnant girls were having knowledge on both ANC and Drug adherence and only 10 (10.2%) pregnancy were planned while 15 (15.3%) were unplanned in which 10 (10.2%) pregnancy were aborted and 11 (11.2%) were delivered safely while 4 (4.1%) of the girls were currently pregnant. Conclusions: Reasons for the poor outcome among adolescents in ANC and PNS need to be further explored and addressed, there is enough evidence that immediate action is needed to address the unique needs of this population. Such changes could include integration of adolescent-friendly services into PMTCT settings and PNS among the HIV infected adolescents youths who are sexually active with enhanced retention and follow-up activities
Abstract: Background: Pregnant and breastfeeding adolescents HIV-infected are a particularly vulnerable group that require special attention and enhanced support to achieve optimal maternal and infant outcomes. Aim: To find out the prevalence of pregnancy in adolescent living with HIV, review evidence about antenatal care (ANC) service delivery and outcomes ...
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Modelling the Effects of Relationship Between Gender and Condom Usage on Comprehensive HIV Knowledge among the Youths in Kenya
Kenneth Kipkorir Terer,
Reuben Langat
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
11-15
Received:
6 February 2021
Accepted:
18 February 2021
Published:
30 April 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijacm.20210901.13
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Abstract: Globally, the spread of HIV/AIDS epidemic has turned out to be a major health challenge due to its vast undesirable effects. In 2018, Kenya joint the third largest HIV epidemic in the world alongside Mozambique and Uganda with 1.6 million people living with HIV. Even though individuals of all ages are susceptible to HIV infection, youths remain the most exposed to HIV transmission due to their lifestyle sexual behavior. The youth population imparts 51% of the grown up population among the HIV infections in 2015. Given these scenario, this study sought to ascertain the association between condom usage and gender on comprehensive HIV knowledge among the youths in Kenya. Secondary data for this study was drawn from KDHS 2014. Data cleaning and analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used during analysis. Results indicate that widespread knowledge about HIV among the youths was 55.5%. Significant association was revealed between gender and comprehensive HIV knowledge among the youths (P=0.016). In addition, findings showed that 53.9% of females and 61.5% of males had comprehensive knowledge about HIV. Moreover, condom usage and comprehensive HIV knowledge were significant (P- value<0.05). Further, it was found that majority of the youths were aware of HIV prevention by use of condoms (79.8% of youths against 20.2% who do not always use condoms). Impressively, multiple logistic regression analysis, showed that condom usage have no effects on relationship with comprehensive HIV knowledge with p-values (P>0.05). Gender was found to have significant relationship with comprehensive HIV knowledge (P>0.05). Findings of this research is of important in understanding the comprehensive HIV knowledge on the use of preventive methods and awareness on the mode of HIV transmission among male and female youths. The government health sector can utilize this findings in focusing on sexual education among the youths.
Abstract: Globally, the spread of HIV/AIDS epidemic has turned out to be a major health challenge due to its vast undesirable effects. In 2018, Kenya joint the third largest HIV epidemic in the world alongside Mozambique and Uganda with 1.6 million people living with HIV. Even though individuals of all ages are susceptible to HIV infection, youths remain the...
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High Body Mass Index and Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Cohort Study
Gad Sayed Gad Abdel-Gelil
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
16-22
Received:
18 April 2021
Accepted:
6 May 2021
Published:
15 May 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijacm.20210901.14
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Abstract: Background: SARS-CoV-2disease (COVID-19) has become pandemic all over world. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and severe outcomes of COVID-19 patients with high body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cohort study included 114 adult patients confirmed COVID-19 were classified by BMI levels on admission: overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obesity (four categories: 30–34.9 kg/m2, 35–39.9 kg/m2, 40–44.9 kg/m2, and ≥45 kg/m2). The rate of pneumonia, severe pneumonia and ICU admission were our primary outcomes, complications and length of hospital stay were the secondary outcome. Results: In Qena University isolation Hospital, study was conducted in 114 patients confirmed COVID-19. The mean age of patients was 42.1±11.1 years and males were 53.5%. Hypertension and diabetes common comorbidities, 54 patients (47.3%) had pneumonia and 28 patients (24.6%) had progressed to severe pneumonia with significant difference across BMI level (p<0.05). The rates of admission to ICU were 13.1%, acute kidney injury (7.8%), acute liver injury (5.2%) and shock (7%), ICU mortality with BMI 40–44.9 kg/m2 and ≥45 kg/m2 showed 100% mortality among patients admitted (p <0.001), with median of days of hospitalization (12days). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that; BMI (increase one kg/m2), Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Lymphopenia, CRP and IL6 independent risk factors for severe illness. Conclusion: Serious outcomes such as severe pneumonia, acute kidney injury and ICU mortality are associated with obesity and COVID-19. Call for future studies to find out the correlation between obesity and COVID-19.
Abstract: Background: SARS-CoV-2disease (COVID-19) has become pandemic all over world. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and severe outcomes of COVID-19 patients with high body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cohort study included 114 adult patients confirmed COVID-19 were classified by BMI levels on admission: overweight (25–29.9 kg/...
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