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Cost Benefit Analysis of Four and Eight Antenatal Care Visits in Bamenda Health District, Cameroon
Eyvonne Ngequih Tumasang,
Robinson Mbu,
Wilfred Mbacham
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
79-84
Received:
1 July 2021
Accepted:
20 July 2021
Published:
2 August 2021
Abstract: Background: In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) published new antenatal care guidelines recommending an increase from four visits during pregnancy to eight contacts with skilled personnel, among other recommendations. Currently there are ongoing discussions in respect to the cost implications and potential outcomes countries can anticipate, if they make this move. Cameroon has adopted the new recommendation without analysis of the cost implication. Notwithstanding, it is imperative to investigate if pregnant women are willing to make this change, the cost implications of such changes, and if pregnant women will be willing to pay the extra cost. This study sets out to find out women’s preferred number of antenatal visits, their willingness to pay for antenatal visits and to perform a cost- benefit analysis of 4 and 8 visits in Bamenda Health District (BHD). Method: An exit interview was conducted using a semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire with women attending antenatal clinic in some 14 health facilities in BHD. The health facilities were chosen purposively. A total of 396 women were interviewed. Results: Our results revealed that 177 (44.7%) of the women preferred 4 antenatal care visits while 174 (43.9%) preferred 8 antenatal care visits and 45 (11.4%) preferred more than 8 antenatal visits. The extra cost for 4 and 8 visits was 10,390FCFA. The average willingness -to –pay (WTP) for 4 extra visits was calculated to be 2,209FCFA. Conclusion: Although women preferred a model of antenatal care (ANC) with 8 or more ANC contacts, they were not willing to pay for the contacts, thus it is recommended that the 4 visits model be implemented in the Bamenda Health District.
Abstract: Background: In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) published new antenatal care guidelines recommending an increase from four visits during pregnancy to eight contacts with skilled personnel, among other recommendations. Currently there are ongoing discussions in respect to the cost implications and potential outcomes countries can anticipate...
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Implementing TeamSTEPPS in a Shanghai COVID-19 Quarantine Center for Medical Observation to Enhance Interprofessional Attitude and Skills Regarding Teamwork
Tang Baoxin,
Yu Haiping,
Gu Yanfen,
Sun Xiaoliang,
Kang Baoli,
Zhou Jian,
Wen Jiling,
Yun Ying Hung,
Chen Chi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
85-91
Received:
13 July 2021
Accepted:
3 August 2021
Published:
11 August 2021
Abstract: Objective: To improve the cooperation efficiency of an anti-epidemic team and achieve infection control and safety management in an observation site by implementing the TeamSTEPPS (Team Strategies &Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety Course) program. Methods: There were 41 staff members from hospitals, the district government, a health supervision institute, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, public security, and hotels who participated in this program. The course was taught by a master trainer certified by The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The project was evaluated by the Kirkpatrick Model which Including Level 1-reaction assessment (participants satisfaction), Level 2-learning assessment (team work attitude and cognition level), Level 3-behavior assessment (TeamSTEPPS tools and strategies using in workplace) and Level 4- results assessment (infection rate of isolation personnel and staff, incidence of safe adverse events, satisfaction of TeamSTEPPS practice in work). Results: After training and implementation of the TeamSTEPPS program, participants’ attitudes, perception, knowledge, and skills regarding teamwork, team structure, leadership, situation monitoring, mutual support, and communication had significantly increased (P < 0.01). Participants' satisfaction with the course was 99.02% and the application of TeamSTEPPS tools was effective. The actual application satisfaction of staff was 100%. Until now, the infection rate and the incidence of safety adverse events in this observation site were 0%. Conclusion: The TeamSTEPPS program is an effective strategy to improve interprofessional teamwork at the observation site, which contributes to safe COVID-19 management.
Abstract: Objective: To improve the cooperation efficiency of an anti-epidemic team and achieve infection control and safety management in an observation site by implementing the TeamSTEPPS (Team Strategies &Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety Course) program. Methods: There were 41 staff members from hospitals, the district government, a health ...
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Determinants of Fertility Trend at District, Divisional and Regional Levels and Policy Implication for Poverty Alleviation
Md. Mizanur Rahman Sarker,
Nazneen Islam Nishat,
Mosammod Mahamuda Parvin,
Anika Nawar Fagun
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
92-99
Received:
28 March 2021
Accepted:
13 April 2021
Published:
12 October 2021
Abstract: Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries of the world (1278 persons per sq. km.) but it represents one of the few countries in developing world where the pace of fertility decline has been unparalleled over the last few decades despite pervasive poverty and under-development. It has been passing through a critical phase of fertility transition. The data was collected for this research from the following five sources: i. Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2012-13 for fertility rate, contraceptive use, proportion of children engaged in work and access to mass media and ICT of women. ii. Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh for literacy rate, iii. Population Census 2011 for population density characteristics of different districts, iv. Directorate of Agricultural Extension personnel for daily average wage rate of agricultural labor and v. Bangladesh Poverty Map, 2014 for the level of poverty of different districts. This study contributes to basic knowledge of the structural determinants of fertility rate in the Bangladesh by analyzing the expanded set of determinants at district level, namely contraceptive use, literacy rate, daily wage rate of agricultural labor, population density, child labor, access to mass media and ICT of women and poverty level using spatial data analysis techniques. In this study, the binary join matrix/binary contiguity matrix and inverse distance spatial weight matrix techniques are used to capture spatial dependence in the data. This analysis extends the spatial model by allowing spatial dependence to vary across divisions and regions. The results strongly indicate that the fertility associated with contraceptive use, literacy rate, daily wage rate of agricultural labor, child labor, poverty level and their neighbors’ districts. These results suggest that district should pay particular attention to policies in neighboring districts and policy maker should realize that declining the fertility rate in neighboring districts are likely to affect fertility rate in their own district, therefore, a key issue for policy development is how to stimulate the contraceptive use, educational attainment, promote daily wage of agricultural labor and decrease child labor and poverty level could control the fertility and result in sustainable development and poverty alleviation of regions that are both high fertility and economically lagging. This needs to be addressed both in terms of national level policies and more emphatically within regional and sub-regional development strategies than it has been hither.
Abstract: Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries of the world (1278 persons per sq. km.) but it represents one of the few countries in developing world where the pace of fertility decline has been unparalleled over the last few decades despite pervasive poverty and under-development. It has been passing through a critical phase of fertilit...
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