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Assessment of Nutritional Status Among Primary School Pupils in South Western Nigeria
Samson Ayo Deji,
Oluremi Olayinka Solomon,
Adebowale Femi Akinwumi,
Paul Oladapo Ajayi,
Olusola Olugbenga Odu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
88-93
Received:
13 April 2021
Accepted:
29 April 2021
Published:
8 May 2021
Abstract: Malnutrition remains a major problem affecting millions of children in Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status among primary school pupils in Olorunda Local government of Osogbo metropolis in South Western Nigeria. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to respondents in11schools randomly selected. A cross sectional study design was used and multi-stage sampling technique was utilized in selecting participants for the study. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. A total of 487 pupils were interviewed and their age range was 5–16years with a mean age of 8 years. More females (53.6%) than males (46.4%) were interviewed. Most fathers were skilled workers and while most mothers were in the unskilled labor force. Above half (50.2%) of the study population were found to have poor nutritional history based on the 24 hour dietary recall. Also using WHO standard measurements of z score with a standard deviation of <-2, which is an indication of moderate undernourished children, 65.7% were stunted with low height for age, and 74.5% were underweight with low weight for age. More pupils were stunted in the higher classes compared to pupils in the lower classes. The study concluded that despite the various intervention programmes of non-Governmental and Governmental organizations, significant percentage of Nigerian primary school children still have poor nutritional status.
Abstract: Malnutrition remains a major problem affecting millions of children in Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status among primary school pupils in Olorunda Local government of Osogbo metropolis in South Western Nigeria. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to respondents in11schools randomly selected. A cross...
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The Factor(s) Influencing Male Involvement in Family Planning– Findings from a Rural Community in South West, Nigeria
Olusola Fajobi,
Damola Adeola Fajobi,
Olukemi Titilope Olugbade,
Samuel Anu Olowookere
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
94-101
Received:
16 April 2021
Accepted:
5 May 2021
Published:
14 May 2021
Abstract: The drive to include men in family planning programming in one part can increase contraceptive prevalence and also reduce the unmet need for family planning especially in Africa especially sub-Saharan Africa, where 2015 millennium development goals in reproductive health were not achieved, however concerted efforts to achieve the sustainable development goals is ongoing. The contraceptive prevalence in Nigeria reported to be 17% in 2018 is less than the average of 55% in sub-Saharan Africa and global average of 76%. This low adoption of contraceptive has been linked to increased maternal mortality in the region. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study which examined the role of 464 married men, in family planning in Gambari, a rural settlement in Oyo state, South-West Nigeria. The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and use of modern contraceptive methods by respondents and their spouses and to identify factors which influence the adoption of family planning methods by men. The mean age of respondents was 42 years, with their age ranging from 20 to 85 years. The Contraceptive method most respondents were aware of, was the injectable (62.5%) followed by the condom (44.8%). A total 80.8% (375) of men had overall poor knowledge of contraceptive methods, while 19.2% (89) had good knowledge. There was a statistically significant relationship between couples’ discussion of family planning and spousal contraceptive use (χ2=123, p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that men with at least secondary education had a better knowledge, attitude and were more likely to have used modern contraception than those with only primary or no education. The study concluded that with better knowledge about contraceptives, men can enhance adoption of family planning, increase contraception uptake and match their attitudes with corresponding action.
Abstract: The drive to include men in family planning programming in one part can increase contraceptive prevalence and also reduce the unmet need for family planning especially in Africa especially sub-Saharan Africa, where 2015 millennium development goals in reproductive health were not achieved, however concerted efforts to achieve the sustainable develo...
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Career and Recognition of Community Health Professionals Graduated from Alioune Diop University in Bambey (Senegal)
Ousseynou Ka,
Fatou Oumar Ndiaye Sy,
Mountaga Elimane Dia,
Ndeye Fatou Ngom,
Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye,
Aladji Madior Diop,
Boubacar Gueye,
Cheikh Tacko Diop,
Martial Coly Bop,
Alioune Badara Tall,
Papa Gallo Sow,
Mansour Faye,
Lamine Guéye
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
102-110
Received:
20 February 2021
Accepted:
5 May 2021
Published:
27 May 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Constituting a new body to contribute to improving the health of populations, community health professionals trained at Alioune Diop University in Bambey (Senegal) must integrate into a medicalized health system where curative medicine occupies a place preponderant. Objectives: to appreciate the level of understanding of the concept of community health and the challenge of integrating graduates in community health into the health care system. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted from February 1 to April 15, 2020, targeting community health professionals and employers. Two tools were used: semi-structured interviews for employers and the focus group for community health professionals. Results: Community health professionals are assimilated by healthcare professionals and by patients to community health workers, although the latter have no professional qualification. The actions used by employers are more akin to public health than to community health. Community health professionals reported the existence of jurisdictional conflicts within the core team of the medical region or health district. The community health professionals greatly appreciated the establishment of the community health program, which according to it should be extended to hospitals and urban populations. Moreover, they would like their recruitment into the public service to strengthen the human resources of the health system. Conclusion: Recommendations have been formulated for an appropriation of this concept by healthcare professionals and decision-makers.
Abstract: Introduction: Constituting a new body to contribute to improving the health of populations, community health professionals trained at Alioune Diop University in Bambey (Senegal) must integrate into a medicalized health system where curative medicine occupies a place preponderant. Objectives: to appreciate the level of understanding of the concept o...
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Willingness to Pay for Universal Health Coverage Scheme for Maternal and Child Health Care and Services in Benin
Adanmavokin Justin Sossou,
Gilles Armand Sossou,
Alphonse Kpozehoue,
Babatounde Charlemagne Igue,
Edgard-Marius Ouendo
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
111-120
Received:
27 April 2021
Accepted:
12 May 2021
Published:
27 May 2021
Abstract: Enrolment in a universal health coverage scheme is a way to access health care and services and to reduce the catastrophic health expenditures that plunge already vulnerable populations into extreme poverty. As part of the analysis of the availability and operational capacity of health services in Benin (SARA 2018), an analysis of recipients’ satisfaction and their willingness to pay for Universal Health Coverage scheme was carried out in 2018. This is a cross-sectional study with an analytical focus that covered 475 health facilities and 956 recipients of health care and services selected at random in health care structures and in the community. The dependent variable studied was the willingness to pay for Universal Health Coverage scheme and the explanatory variables were those relating to socio-cultural and economic factors and the reception of the recipient in the care environment. The hybrid bidding game technique was used to estimate the amount to be paid for the Universal Health Coverage scheme. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to analyse the data. The data showed that Beninese people do not have a culture of early care-seeking; they get care when the episode of illness induces a temporary incapacity for work. The results observed showed that the following factors significantly influenced willingness to pay: being able to talk to the doctor, the feeling of being valued and treated with respect, the individual’s ability to pay, access to pain management and temporary incapacity. In conjunction with the willingness to pay for Universal Health Coverage scheme, the payment amount, determined using the contingent valuation method, was 767 FCFA or US$1.43 per month per individual. In view of these results and taking into account the socio-economic realities of the country where approximately 38.5% of the population is poor according to monetary poverty (Benin 2020), the pooling of health insurance coverage appears to be the solution to eliminate the financial barrier and the risks of catastrophic health expenditure. State subsidies for the contributions of populations in extreme poverty also appear necessary to ensure the sustainability, equity and sustainability of the health insurance scheme.
Abstract: Enrolment in a universal health coverage scheme is a way to access health care and services and to reduce the catastrophic health expenditures that plunge already vulnerable populations into extreme poverty. As part of the analysis of the availability and operational capacity of health services in Benin (SARA 2018), an analysis of recipients’ satis...
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Analysis of the Determinants of Female Genital Mutilation Practices in Senegal: A Secondary Analysis of the 2018 DHS
Ndeye Mareme Sougou,
Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf,
Oumar Bassoum,
Ibrahima Seck
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
121-126
Received:
30 April 2021
Accepted:
21 May 2021
Published:
31 May 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting or circumcision, threatens the health and well-being of millions of girls, women, and their children around the world. In Senegal, FGM practices persist despite numerous interventions. This study aims to analyze the determinants of FGM in Senegal. Methods: This article uses data from the 2018 Senegal Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), a nationally representative survey of 9413 women aged 15-49 years. In the descriptive analysis, variables were presented in terms of frequency and percentage of data. The significance level was set at 5, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. Variables with p values less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were selected for multivariate analysis. The dependent variable was a composite variable generated from 3 DHS variables that described the types of post-FGM genital lesions that exist in women. The analysis was performed using STATA/SE 17. Results: The prevalence of FGM is 17.14%. Eleven-point fifty-two percent (11.52%) or 999 women believe that FGM is a religiously recommended practice. Ninety-nine percent (993) of these women were Muslim (p=0.0017). Fifteen-point thirty-nine percent (15.39%) or 1,334 women think it is a practice that should continue to be practiced and 80.59% (or 6,988 women) think it should be stopped. The protective factors for the occurrence of FGM were female empowerment (high level of education of the woman (primary ajOR=0.64 [0.50-0.83] and secondary ajOR=0.43 [0.32, 0.57]) and the fact that the head of the family was a woman ajOR (0.75 [0.59-0.97]); belonging to the central region of Senegal (Diourbel, Kaolack, Thiès, Louga and Fatcick) and Christian religion (ajOr=0.05 [0.02-0.13]). The risk factors for female genital mutilation in Senegal were ethnicity and belonging to certain regions in the northeast and southeast of Senegal (Tambacounda, Matam, Kedougou). Conclusion: This study showed that FGM practices are still persistent in Senegal. This study underlined that the empowerment of women would allow the fight against FGM. Health interventions should be multisectoral, involving the education sectors with a strong investment in girls' education and retention.
Abstract: Introduction: Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting or circumcision, threatens the health and well-being of millions of girls, women, and their children around the world. In Senegal, FGM practices persist despite numerous interventions. This study aims to analyze the determinants of FGM in Senegal. Methods: This arti...
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A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of Anxiety and Depression Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria
Ekaete Tobin,
Esther Okogbenin,
Andrew Obi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
127-135
Received:
30 April 2021
Accepted:
18 May 2021
Published:
31 May 2021
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has created mental health challenges among the public. The study objectives were to determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression and associated factors among the general public in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. The cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2020 and June 2020 using an online questionnaire that captured sociodemographic data, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), lifestyle practices, self-rated health, and exposure to COVID-19 information through social media. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science with associations tested at 95% confidence interval. Appropriate institutional ethical board approval was obtained, and informed consent obtained from all participants. 543 adults participated, 101 (18.6%) and 131 (24.1%) respondents were classified as having depressive and anxiety disorders respectively. Females (χ2=11.06, p < 0.01), alcohol use (OR 5.50, p < 0.01, 95% CI 2.18-13.87) and poor self-rated health (OR 2.97, p=0.04, 95% CI 1.08-8.22) were significantly associated with GAD. Alcohol consumption (OR 4.27, p < 0.01, 95% CI 1.56-12.04), currently being on medication (OR 2.96, p < 0.01, 95% CI 1.31-6.70) and poor self-rated health (OR 4.21 p < 0.01, 95% CI 1.73-10.23) were significantly associated with depression. Increasing frequency of information on Covid-19 through social media was significantly associated with decreased anxiety and depression (χ2=7.95, p=0.02). A considerable proportion of respondents experienced anxiety and depression, especially persons with unhealthy lifestyles and poor health. Interventions to improve mental health should target these at-risk groups.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has created mental health challenges among the public. The study objectives were to determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression and associated factors among the general public in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. The cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2020 and June 2020 using an online questionnaire that c...
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Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of Hand-Dug Wells and Boreholes Water Quality of the Vina Division, Cameroon
Simeon Pierre Chegaing Fodouop,
Steve Francky Sohanang Nodem,
Larissa Nsuh,
Patrice Kamga Bogne,
Guide Lonang Djomsi,
Hierry Marcel Ntsamo Beumo,
Didiane Yemele Mefokou
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
136-143
Received:
10 March 2021
Accepted:
27 March 2021
Published:
15 June 2021
Abstract: Background: Limited access to safe drinking water and lack of information on water quality in the sub-urban and rural regions of Cameroon has contributed to regular outbreaks of diarrheal diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water in the Vina division. Methods: A total of 193 water samples were collected from unprotected boreholes, unprotected wells and unprotected clay pots and analyzed physico-chemically including pH, turbidity, total dissolved solid, conductivity and microbiologically such as enumeration of Enterococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Vibrio sp using standard methods. This study revealed that safe status of the groundwater sources in the Vina division is very poor, considering the high levels of E.coli, Enterococcus sp. and the presence of enter pathogens microorganism such as Vibrio sp., Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. Representative isolates (26) based on biochemical profile were selected for antibio resistance profile. All selected bacteria exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance at least for five antibiotics including ampicillin, amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, penicillin, erythromycin. Conclusion: This study suggests that drinking water available in Vina division of Cameroon lead to a substantial risk to public health. It is therefore necessary to developed strategies for protection of areas around drinking water supplies site. Further studies are therefore needed to assess the prevalence of water borne diseases in Vina division.
Abstract: Background: Limited access to safe drinking water and lack of information on water quality in the sub-urban and rural regions of Cameroon has contributed to regular outbreaks of diarrheal diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water in the Vina division. Methods: A total of 193 water sample...
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Defaulters of Tuberculosis Treatment Among MDR-TB Patients Attended in Forlanini/Lazaretto Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
Ahmed Hussein,
Omar Dahir,
Abdirisak Yusuf Ahmed,
Gallad Dahir Hassan,
Samio Mohamud
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
144-148
Received:
24 March 2021
Accepted:
8 April 2021
Published:
21 June 2021
Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health issue, it’s one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans which remains one of the highest leading of mortality worldwide. The main purpose of this study was to assess the factors which influencing to non-adherence TB- Treatment (Defaulters) among TB patient at Forlanini/Lazaretto Hospital-Mogadishu-Somalia. Methodology: - descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted among patients who were not-adhered their medication attending TBMUs (FORLANINI/LAZARETITO Hospital-Mogadishu-Somalia)-from March to May 2019. A total of 103 defaulters were the respondents during the study period by using non-probability convenient sampling method. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used using SPSS version 20 statistical software. The data were showed tables, figures and graphs for describing the data. Results: This study shades light on the defaulters of tuberculosis treatment among TB patients and it shows that the male population are the most people among the population who fail to complete the TB course of medication treatment with a percentage of 79.6% and women are recorded having much less percentage of defaulting TB medication with a percentage of 20.4%. In terms of education, those who have never been to school and the secondary level are least likely to default the medication with a percentage 12.6% each, followed post graduate level with 16.5% and university level having a percentage of 19.4%. The most likely patients that can default TB medication are the primary level population with a percentage of 38.8%the unemployed and the employed population have slight difference in the percentage of people who defaults the medication of TB with 32.0% and 30.1% respectively. The mothers who are housewives have a percentage of 16.5% and finally the employers have a percentage of 21.4% TB medical treatment defaults. Conclusion: the study concluded and recommended that there are urgent needs for continuous and effective health education for the patients and their families and social support when starting the medications to ensure adherence and compliance to anti tuberculosis drug as well as regular monitoring, counseling and follow-up with the patients and access to drugs and health care centers.
Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health issue, it’s one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans which remains one of the highest leading of mortality worldwide. The main purpose of this study was to assess the factors which influencing to non-adherence TB- Treatment (Defaulters) among TB patient at Forlanini/Lazaretto Hospital...
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