After Effects and Financial Management of COVID-19 Lockdowns in Small Businesses: A Quantitative Study of Micro-Retailers in Lahore, Pakistan
Umair Shahzad,
Ali Rizwan Hashmi
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
1-16
Received:
3 April 2023
Accepted:
20 April 2023
Published:
10 May 2023
Abstract: The global pandemic COVID-19 has influenced the entire world and different routines of life. This research is based on the problem indicating has COVID-19 lockdown effected the financial management of small businesses or not. This quantitative research analyzes the significance of COVID-19 lockdowns in affecting small businesses for micro-retailers in Lahore, Pakistan. Theory of financial crisis and Theory Y are used to test the hypotheses. Here dependent variables to check the results of this research are reserve and ready cash, sales and mobile/ecommerce because it has diversity of options to view the needs of the micro-retailers and strong facts for financial management. Data was collected from the micro-retailers belonging to three different fields of small businesses of Lahore Pakistan. The questionnaire responses are taken by the relevant micro-retailers. Descriptive analysis, independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance are used to test the data. The findings show that COVID-19 lockdowns have adversely effected cloth and mobile/electronics micro-retailers and less the food/grocery retailers up to the extent that reserve and ready cash is becoming short, sales average has declined and micro-retailers do not have much awareness of mobile/ecommerce ways to keep up with the financial management for a living.
Abstract: The global pandemic COVID-19 has influenced the entire world and different routines of life. This research is based on the problem indicating has COVID-19 lockdown effected the financial management of small businesses or not. This quantitative research analyzes the significance of COVID-19 lockdowns in affecting small businesses for micro-retailers...
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Understanding the Factors Promoting Sustainability in the Indian Pharmaceutical Sector Through ESG Approach
Shounak Das,
Aditya Sarkar
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
17-20
Received:
25 November 2022
Accepted:
21 March 2023
Published:
17 May 2023
Abstract: The ESG model, which stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance, is becoming increasingly important in the pharmaceutical sector. The pharmaceutical industry is under scrutiny from various stakeholders, including customers, investors, and regulatory bodies, to improve their ESG practices. The ESG model is a framework that helps companies assess and report on their performance in these three areas. ESG approach of operation brings stakeholders’ faith in organizational affairs. Indian pharmaceutical companies are facing big challenges in several fronts in meeting ESG principles for balancing social, environmental and economic goals. The balancing of these three goals by following ESG approach of operation will bring sustainability in organizational existence. Several broad areas need serious look-over. Sourcing of raw ingredients, clinical trials and associated costs, product quality and information, product pricing, internal infrastructure robustness and security, organizational culture and disclosure and compliances are areas where pharma companies are confronting ESG principles. In the pharmaceutical sector, the Environmental aspect of the ESG model focuses on reducing the environmental impact of their operations and products, such as reducing carbon emissions, waste management, and water conservation. The Social aspect involves ensuring ethical business practices, such as fair labor practices, supply chain management, and community engagement. Finally, Governance involves ensuring transparency and accountability in decision-making processes, as well as maintaining high ethical standards and preventing corruption. Pharmaceutical companies that implement ESG practices can not only benefit from improved reputations but can also attract investors who prioritize ethical and sustainable investing. Additionally, companies that prioritize ESG practices are better positioned to adapt to changes in the regulatory landscape, such as the increasing focus on sustainability and social responsibility. Overall, the ESG model provides a comprehensive framework for pharmaceutical companies to assess their environmental, social, and governance practices and ensure they are operating ethically and sustainably, which can lead to long-term success and positive impact on society.
Abstract: The ESG model, which stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance, is becoming increasingly important in the pharmaceutical sector. The pharmaceutical industry is under scrutiny from various stakeholders, including customers, investors, and regulatory bodies, to improve their ESG practices. The ESG model is a framework that helps companies asse...
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