Abstract: Inflammation is a physiological protective response by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli, microbial infections, and trauma. The prolong treatment for inflammation and pain with NSAID’s has been shown greater unwanted effects, so there is a rising scope for traditional medicines. Boswellia dalzielii leaves are used traditionally as folk remedies for the treatment of health problems caused by inflammation. The present study was an attempt to investigate the qualitative phytochemical constituents and the activity of methanol extract of Boswellia dalzielii leaves (MEBD) on the experimental inflammatory and nociceptive models in mice. Qualitative phytochemical constituents of the MEBD were performed using standard protocol. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by studying carrageenan and egg-albumin induced paw oedema and xylene induced ear oedema animal models. Acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, tail immersion and hot plate tests had been performed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive effect. This MEBD revealed the absence of alkaloids and saponins. The all doses (100, 200 and 400 mg) of the MEBD significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited the acute inflammatory process compared to the negative control. Highest percentage inhibition was 90.69±0.42% in carrageenan paw oedema test 100 mg/kg, 94.01±8.72 (Egg-albumin paw oedema test, 100 mg/kg) at 6 hrs, 57.43±0.03% (xylene test, 400 mg/kg). In anti-nociceptive experiments, MEBD of all doses were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) acetic acid-induced writhing (82.24±3.03%, 400 mg/kg). In addition, MEBD significantly increased the latency time (p < 0.001) in the tail flick (12.15±0.01, 400 mg/kg) at 90 min and in the hot plate test (13.37±0.10, 200 mg/kg) at 60 min compared to the control group. In conclusion, the study revealed that Boswellia dalzielii leaves, widely used in traditional medicine in North Cameroon, and affectively has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory powers.Abstract: Inflammation is a physiological protective response by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli, microbial infections, and trauma. The prolong treatment for inflammation and pain with NSAID’s has been shown greater unwanted effects, so there is a rising scope for traditional medicines. Boswellia dalzielii leaves are used traditionally as folk r...Show More
Abstract: Introduction: Among the Sub-Saharan countries, Burundi has a much higher rate of anaemia in preschool going children. The aim of this paper is to find a relation of anaemia with dietary diversity of 6-59 months old children in Burundi. Method: A literature review was done using PubMed, Medline, Oxford journal database, and Google Scholar. A grey literature search was done using Google and Bing. The most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data was used for analysis. Results: A total of 5469 children were included in the study. Among these 2218 (40.90%) were Not Anaemic, 1352 (24.93%) were Mild Anaemic, 1676 (30.91%) were Moderate Anaemic and, 177 (3.26%) were Severely Anaemic. The proportion of severely anaemic children is highest in 6-11 months age group and lowest in 18-23 months age group. Age has a significant effect on anaemia. The percentage of normal haemoglobin level (not anaemic) in blood is higher in female children. Children living in urban areas have improved haemoglobin levels. The model shows, every unit increase in dietary diversity will increase the possibility of a children to be in mild anaemic group than severe anaemic group by 1.26 times, to be in moderate anaemic group than severe anaemic group by 1.23 times and, to be in not anaemic group than severe anaemic group by 1.3 times. Conclusion: Higher dietary diversity is associated with improved blood haemoglobin level. In Burundi, 6-11 months aged children are highly susceptible to develop anaemia. This age is important as it is the weaning period. Special attention should be given to monitor proper weaning of children in Burundi.Abstract: Introduction: Among the Sub-Saharan countries, Burundi has a much higher rate of anaemia in preschool going children. The aim of this paper is to find a relation of anaemia with dietary diversity of 6-59 months old children in Burundi. Method: A literature review was done using PubMed, Medline, Oxford journal database, and Google Scholar. A grey li...Show More
Abstract: Absent Pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) or congenital absence of pulmonary valve is a rare conotruncal anomaly in which the pulmonary valve is absent, dysplastic or rudimentary. It can be isolated or associated with tetralogy of Fallot and has a favourable to guarded postnatal outcome according to the associations. In this case report, we discuss an interesting case of APVS with postnatal correlation. Methods: Detailed USG including fetal echocardiography was performed on an ultrasound machine using appropriate presets. The abdominal and cardiac situs were normal. Segmental evaluation of the fetal heart along with color and spectral doppler was performed. Results: The fetus had the typical features of APVS, with a dilated pulmonary artery and branches, a subaortic ventricular septal defect, overriding of the aorta, and agenesis of ductus arteriosus. There was typical to and fro flow noted on color and spectral Doppler imaging representing forward stenotic and retrograde regurgitant flow. Postnatal Echocardiogram confirmed our antenatal findings. Though the baby underwent surgical correction, he succumbed due to the effects of multiorgan dysfunction and the underlying chromosomal defect. Conclusions: A dedicated fetal echocardiography around 22 weeks can accurately diagnose the condition due to its typical features of dilated main and branched pulmonary arteries, absent /dysplastic pulmonary valves with color and spectral doppler revealing features of stenosis and insufficiency. However the outcome of fetuses in APVS with additional anomalies is guarded due to the heart defect itself, respiratory complications and associated chromosomal abnormalities.Abstract: Absent Pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) or congenital absence of pulmonary valve is a rare conotruncal anomaly in which the pulmonary valve is absent, dysplastic or rudimentary. It can be isolated or associated with tetralogy of Fallot and has a favourable to guarded postnatal outcome according to the associations. In this case report, we discuss an...Show More
