The Impact of Systemic Inflammation on Sex-based Bias Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Collins Amadi,
Stephenson Lawson
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
1-8
Received:
6 January 2022
Accepted:
22 January 2022
Published:
9 February 2022
Abstract: Background: The unfavorable clinical outcome (higher rates of severity/morbidity/mortality) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has a disproportionate bias towards the male sex despite no sex-based difference noted in the risk for the infection. These outcomes have widely been hinged on dysregulated systemic inflammation. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the influence of systemic inflammation on sex-based bias in SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenes of Nigerian Methods: Patients’ data with positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), who were admitted/managed at the Eleme treatment center in Port Harcourt, southern Nigeria, were enrolled for this study. All relevant data was acquired from archived case notes, medical review charts, nurses’ charts, and laboratory records by trained research assistants using validated data collection templates. All the collated/abstracted data were analyzed/compared between the male and female patients using both descriptive and comparative statistical tools. Results A total of eligible 598 patients were included in the analysis among them 373 (62.4%) and 225 (37.6%) males and females, respectively. The males were much older (43.63±5.93 vs. 41.15±6.09; p<0.036) with higher mean body mass index and body temperature at presentation. Significant differences were observed in terms of the age distribution, occupational, educational, marital, residential status, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, comorbid, severity, and clinical outcomes between the males and females (<0.05). In addition, the males had significantly higher mean levels of creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), D-dimer, total WBC, neutrophil counts, composite neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) but lower levels of albumin, total protein, isolated platelet count, and isolated lymphocyte count (p<0.05). The males maintained a significant linear relationship with the CRP (β: 0.61; SE: 0.13; p<0.001), composite GPS (β: 0.59; SE: 0.01; p<0.001), D-dimer (β: 0.52; SE: 0.09; p<0.001), and the composite NLR (β: 0.38; SE: 0.10; p<0.001) compare to their female counterparts. Additionally, CRP (OR: 8.86; 95%CI: 7.34-9.78; p<0.001), the composite GPS (OR: 7.41; 95%CI: 6.36-8.79; p<0.001), D-dimer (OR: 5.4; 95%CI: 4.32-6.65), and the composite NLR (OR: 4.23; 95%CI: 3.44-5.69; p<0.001) all had significant and robust associations with unfavorable clinical outcomes among the males compared to the females. Conclusion: Exaggerated systemic inflammatory markers/indices were more pronounced among the males in association with unfavorable clinical outcomes. These sex-based characteristics should be factored in during the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, further studies are recommended to evaluate conclusions from the current study.
Abstract: Background: The unfavorable clinical outcome (higher rates of severity/morbidity/mortality) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has a disproportionate bias towards the male sex despite no sex-based difference noted in the risk for the infection. These outcomes have widely been hinged on dysregulated systemi...
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Helium Physicochemical "Recruitment" of Pulmonary Alveols in Prevention of Alveolar Collapse and Prevention of Acute Respiratory Distress in Patients with COVID-19
Svistov Alexander Sergeevich,
I. G. Mosyagin,
Simakina Olga Evgenievna
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
9-14
Received:
18 December 2021
Accepted:
18 January 2022
Published:
23 March 2022
Abstract: Purpose. Show value warmed up to 95°C. With helium (as part of thermogeliox) in reducing the surface tension water, including liquid and cellular fraction of blood, which normalizes the movement of erythrocytes in the capillaries and preserves the physiological function of the alveolar-capillary space, improving gas exchange in the alveoli. Materials and methods. The data of dynamics of complaints, anamnesis, clinical symptoms, results of laboratory and instrumental studies, results of pathological, pathomorphological and histological manifestations of severe coronavirus pneumonia (CVP) complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were analyzed. Results and its discussion. In the complex treatment of severe coronavirus infection (CVI), it is proposed to use the modern innovative medical technology “CIMT”, which includes the modern device “Ingalit B2–01”, inhaling regulated heated to 90–100 C respiratory gas mixture - thermogeliox, consisting of oxygen 20-30% and helium 70-80%, alternating with inhalation of the lungs surfactant with a nebulizer. It is advisable to inject the anticoagulant under the skin. It has been shown that the development of ARDS in CEP is associated with acute coronavirus alveolitis. A quick positive systemic therapeutic effect is the prevention of ARDS in patients with severe CEP when using our proposed "SIMT" is due to a number of physicochemical and physiological effects of thermal helium.
Abstract: Purpose. Show value warmed up to 95°C. With helium (as part of thermogeliox) in reducing the surface tension water, including liquid and cellular fraction of blood, which normalizes the movement of erythrocytes in the capillaries and preserves the physiological function of the alveolar-capillary space, improving gas exchange in the alveoli. Materia...
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