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Research Article
The Potential Roles of CDO1 and JAM3 Methylation in the Occurrence of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Song Zhang*,
Chong Sai,
Yi-Ling Lin,
Jia-Hui Tang,
Hong-Yan Yuan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2023
Pages:
20-25
Received:
22 June 2023
Accepted:
10 July 2023
Published:
20 July 2023
Abstract: Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly malignant tumor derived from nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue. Due to their strong capacity for hidden lesions and unobvious early symptoms, Given the critical problem for clinical diagnosis, NPC has a high rate of misdiagnosed and missed, which seriously threatens human health. The underlying mechanism of the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is still not elucidated. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the study of some tumor-related genes, especially the epigenetic regulation of genes. Objective: To investigate the role of CDO1 and JAM3 gene methylation in the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: Methylation-specific PCR and pyrosequencing were used to detect the difference in methylation rates of CDO1 and JAM3 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation tissues. The abundance of protein expression and mRNA for CDO1 and JAM3 were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western Blot in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and chronic nasopharyngitis tissues. Results: Pyrosequencing indicated that the methylation rates of CDO1 and JAM3 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues were remarkably increased, compared with nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation tissues. Furthermore, the qPCR and Western Blot suggested that the expression of CDO1 and JAM3 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation tissues. Conclusion: The methylation of the CpG island in the promoter region of CDO1 and JAM3 genes leads to a decrease in their gene expression, which may be related to the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Abstract: Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly malignant tumor derived from nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue. Due to their strong capacity for hidden lesions and unobvious early symptoms, Given the critical problem for clinical diagnosis, NPC has a high rate of misdiagnosed and missed, which seriously threatens human health. The underlying ...
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Research Article
Endovascular Management of Massive Bleeding from Laryngeal Tumor
Rajeev Bharadwaj,
Ginni Datta,
Taniya Pruthi,
Saurav Mittal
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2023
Pages:
26-29
Received:
14 May 2023
Accepted:
8 July 2023
Published:
31 July 2023
Abstract: Laryngeal tumors are commonly seen in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) department. Hemoptysis is one of the common presentations of these tumors. Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) due to bleeding from the pseudo-aneurysm (PA) is a dreaded complication of head and neck tumors. Sometimes it can be massive and difficult to control and maybe fatal. Surgical bypass or ligation of external carotid was the only option available, but it had high mortality and morbidity associated with it. Endovascular management has given a new hope for these patients, in the form of covered stent implantation. These endovascular stents works by reconstructing the arterial wall, maintain its patency and decrease the ischemic complication rate which was higher with surgical option due to vessel deconstruction strategies. Recurrent bleeding can occur due to infection of stent which is a fearful complication but it occurs late and its reported rate in the previous studies ranges from 33-86%. We present a case of such tumor complicated with massive bleeding, which was managed by an endovascular approach. This is probably the first case where massive bleeding from the laryngeal tumor was managed with endovascular stent and embolization of blood vessels supplying the larynx.
Abstract: Laryngeal tumors are commonly seen in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) department. Hemoptysis is one of the common presentations of these tumors. Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) due to bleeding from the pseudo-aneurysm (PA) is a dreaded complication of head and neck tumors. Sometimes it can be massive and difficult to control and maybe fatal. Surgical byp...
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Research Article
Frequency of Hidden High Frequency Hearing Loss in Patients with Idiopathic Tinnitus
Tallat Najeeb*,
Arshia Bilal,
Saleem Ahmed,
Nisa Siddiqui
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2023
Pages:
30-34
Received:
1 May 2023
Accepted:
29 June 2023
Published:
5 August 2023
Abstract: Tinnitus is a hallucination of sound, usually described as ringing and buzzing in the ears. Many factors are known to cause tinnitus but sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was found to be the most common. The objective of this study is to determine the actual frequency of idiopathic tinnitus and frequency of hidden SNHL in patients presenting with idiopathic tinnitus without hearing loss. This cross sectional study was performed at PAF Hospital Islamabad between December 2018 to Dec 2022. All the patients that presented with tinnitus without any subjective complaint of hearing loss were included in the study. All the possible causes of tinnitus were ruled out before labelling it idiopathic tinnitus. PTA was performed in all patients. The number of patients was calculated who had tinnitus without hearing loss on PTA. These were the patients with idiopathic tinnitus (GHi). Then these patients were tested for hearing loss on PTA in frequencies higher than 8000 Hz to find out hidden hearing loss. In these patients, the number of patients having hearing loss in frequencies higher than 8000 Hz (GH) was calculated. These patients (GH) were removed from the list of idiopathic tinnitus and were the patients with hidden SNHL. In this way the actual frequency of idiopathic tinnitus (Gi) was calculated. The results were tested biostatistically using SPSS 20. Chi-square, simple t test and Fisher’s exact test were applied. The significance of results was calculated. Out of 100 patients, 65 were female and 35 were male. The mean age was 28.9±11.7 years. On audiometry only 10% patients had hearing loss in frequencies usually tested during audiometry (500Hz- 4000Hz), Gs. All of these were males (100%). Routine audiometry was normal in the remaining 90% of patients (GHi). When these patients were tested in frequencies higher than 8000 Hz, out of these 90% patients, 55% of the patients had high frequency hearing loss (>8000 Hz), (GH); this is the hidden hearing loss. P values were < 0.001and 0.75 on Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests, the results were found to be significant. It is often seen that patients with idiopathic tinnitus develop SNHL later in life. Therefore, tinnitus can be considered as an early symptom of hearing loss. The actual frequency of idiopathic tinnitus (Gi=45%) is far less than documented, in most of the cases there is hidden SNHL.
Abstract: Tinnitus is a hallucination of sound, usually described as ringing and buzzing in the ears. Many factors are known to cause tinnitus but sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was found to be the most common. The objective of this study is to determine the actual frequency of idiopathic tinnitus and frequency of hidden SNHL in patients presenting with i...
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Research Article
A Rare Case of Post-Traumatic Open Laryngeal Fracture
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2023
Pages:
35-39
Received:
15 September 2023
Accepted:
7 October 2023
Published:
18 December 2023
Abstract: Laryngeal fracture is a rare and potentially fatal traumatic injury, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 30,000 patients admitted to severe trauma centres. This is usually seen in multiple-trauma patients and is often undiagnosed or poorly managed leading to significant problems with airway patency, voice production, and swallowing; and the overall mortality rate being as high as 17.9%. This paper reports a case of a 28-year-old male patient, whose motorcycle accidentally hit a truck. The patient presented with a lacerated open neck wound with multiple small lacerated wounds on the skin over the neck and chin. The CT scan revealed a severe burst injury of the anterior larynx with fractured thyroid laminae, and the larynx was exposed to the external surface. Method: A series of investigations followed, including assessing patient’s medical records, performing medical and surgical interventions and lastly taking patient feedback. Results: Early intervention with an open reduction and internal fixation of the thyroid cartilage helped restore the near-normal anatomy of the larynx. Post-operatively, he had no problems in swallowing or breathing; except for some hoarseness of voice, which improved considerably within six months post-surgery. Conclusions: Because of the rarity of this injury, physicians may not be aware of its occurrence, leading to a late diagnosis of this entity. Early diagnosis of the laryngeal injury is indispensable. The most important goal in management initially is to secure and reconstruct the airway; thereafter; the long-term goal of treatment is to restore the voice and swallowing mechanism.
Abstract: Laryngeal fracture is a rare and potentially fatal traumatic injury, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 30,000 patients admitted to severe trauma centres. This is usually seen in multiple-trauma patients and is often undiagnosed or poorly managed leading to significant problems with airway patency, voice production, and swallowing; and the overall...
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Research Article
Barriers to and Facilitators of Implementing an Audiology Service Delivery Model in Mauritius’ Public Healthcare Sector
Taslima Foondun*,
Lidia Pottas,
Maggi Soer
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2023
Pages:
40-49
Received:
26 November 2023
Accepted:
13 December 2023
Published:
22 December 2023
Abstract: Background. Audiology services are an integral part of providing hearing healthcare to the Mauritian population. Aims/Objectives. This study aimed to identify audiologists’ perceptions of the barriers to and facilitators of implementing an audiology service delivery model in Mauritius. Material and Methods. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured telephonic interviews. Data obtained were scribed and transcribed, and inductive thematic analyses were used to identify themes and subthemes. Using convenience sampling, four audiologists from Mauritius’ public healthcare sector were selected as the study sample. Results. The following main themes were identified during data analysis: infrastructure and resources—human and clinical resources and audiological settings; knowledge—administering tests and further training; protocol and guidelines—audiological norms and referral pathways; appointments—waiting list; technology—information systems and technological devices, and communication—explanation of test results and communication strategies. The results showed that the participants were aware of the various resources available for audiology services, but there were concerns regarding the implementation of standardized guidelines in audiology practice. Conclusion. Overall, the findings suggest that the public healthcare sector’s sizeable availability of resources is conducive to early hearing detection and intervention, which in turn calls for changes to improve healthcare services to the Mauritian population by introducing an early hearing detection and intervention program consistent with international norms and guidelines.
Abstract: Background. Audiology services are an integral part of providing hearing healthcare to the Mauritian population. Aims/Objectives. This study aimed to identify audiologists’ perceptions of the barriers to and facilitators of implementing an audiology service delivery model in Mauritius. Material and Methods. A qualitative study was conducted using s...
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