A Negative Binomial Regression on Road Accident Fatalities During COVID-19 Hit Era in Nigeria
Nwakuya Maureen Tobechukwu,
Nwabueze Joy Chioma
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
40-46
Received:
26 July 2022
Accepted:
10 August 2022
Published:
17 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsd.20220803.11
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Abstract: The incidence of road fatality in the world is most alarming. It is noted that the number of deaths in Nigeria by COVID-19 is nothing compared to the deaths by road accidents. As at July 2022 the total number of deaths by COVID-19 is 3,144 while the number of deaths by road accident is 10116, which is about 69% higher than deaths due to COVID-19. This paper hence considered the road accident fatalities during the COVID-19 hit period (2019-2021) in all the states of Nigeria. Due to the count nature of the response variable (Number of deaths) Poisson regression and the negative binomial regression are considered in other to build a model for predicting number of deaths due to road accidents. Both methods were compared to determine the most appropriate. The results of the analysis show that the number of male fatality is more than double that of the female and children with a percentage of 70.6%. The data revealed that Akwa Ibom State and Kaduna State have the minimum and the maximum number of deaths with 47 and 1070 respectively. The Poisson regression and Negative Binomial (NB) regression were considered for analysis. The data showed evidence of over-dispersion rendering the Poisson regression inadequate for the analysis, leaving the negative binomial regression as an alternative. Further assessment of the two models based on the mean-variance relationship, goodness of fit test, AIC and BIC, identified the NB as a better model for the analysis. The model considered the number of people killed as the response variable while the covariates include; speed limit, car issues, dangerous driving, fatigue, street light, bad roads and general factors. Applying the NB regression produced an end result model with only dangerous driving as a significant factor in road accidents fatalities. This shows that dangerous driving is the major cause of deaths on Nigerian roads. The paper also noted that based on the available data, road accidents is a more threatening fatal hazard than COVID-19 with a total death toll of 3,144 for COVID-19 and 10,116 for Road accidents in the same period considered. The paper suggests that the government should put more weight in curbing road accidents by instructing the road safety commission to focus more in developing new strategies or improving on the old strategies for eliminating or reducing dangerous driving by drivers on Nigerian roads.
Abstract: The incidence of road fatality in the world is most alarming. It is noted that the number of deaths in Nigeria by COVID-19 is nothing compared to the deaths by road accidents. As at July 2022 the total number of deaths by COVID-19 is 3,144 while the number of deaths by road accident is 10116, which is about 69% higher than deaths due to COVID-19. T...
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Statistical Analysis of Financial Saving Habit of Employees at Samara University in Case of College of Science
Abdu Hailu Shibeshi,
Getnet Mamo Habtie,
Kassaye Getaneh Argie
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
47-54
Received:
18 July 2022
Accepted:
15 August 2022
Published:
24 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsd.20220803.12
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Abstract: Savings is one of the most decisive factors for successful economic and personal growth. People desire to save although they tend to postpone saving until they have some stability in their lives. The purpose of this study has been to assess saving habits and identify factors that influence the saving habits of employees at Samara University at the college of science. Of 156 all workers, 111 workers were selected from employees working at Samara University at the college of science. The sampling was based on stratified random sampling and then follows simple random sampling from each group. The analysis was done using binary logistic regression with SPSS version 25.0 statistical software. The results indicate that 64.9% of employees had no saving experience and 35.1% of the respondents have been involved in saving part of their income. The results obtained from the analysis of binary logistic regression indicate that educational level and extra income can significantly affect the saving habits of employees. Furthermore, age, sex, marital status, extra income, cost of expenditures, the habit of saving, method of saving, member of saving association plan to detect extra income and housing status are found to be important factors affecting the saving habits of employees.
Abstract: Savings is one of the most decisive factors for successful economic and personal growth. People desire to save although they tend to postpone saving until they have some stability in their lives. The purpose of this study has been to assess saving habits and identify factors that influence the saving habits of employees at Samara University at the ...
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Determinants of Household Solid Waste Generation Rate in Gondar Town, North West Amhara, Ethiopia
Endeshaw Assefa Derso,
Mequanent Wale
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
55-64
Received:
25 June 2022
Accepted:
2 August 2022
Published:
14 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsd.20220803.13
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Abstract: Most developed countries recognized that household waste is very crucial for survival in addition to securing the safety of the environment and human health. However, developing countries like Ethiopia, let alone use its economic benefits, because of various reasons are dumping wastes in unauthorized sites, which easily expose to harsh hazards, like environmental pollution and health problem. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the waste generation rate of households in Gondar town of Maraki sub-city from October 21, 2020 to December 2nd, 2020. Community-based cross-sectional was conducted. Data were collected from 196 households, which were selected through simple random sampling from five kebeles (stratum). The Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Multiple linear regression was done to identify the independent predictors of household-based waste generation rate. The results from the multiple linear regression models revealed that Age, marital status, occupation, ownership, sex, education level, and family size significantly (p < 0.05) contribute to the household generation rate. The average generation rate of households in Maraki sub-city was 3.94 kg/capita/week. In conclusion: The current study revealed that household waste generation was high in the study area. Age, marital status, occupation, ownership, sex, education level, and family size were found to be associated with household waste generation. Therefore, the town municipality must develop an appropriate waste management plan and implement it properly.
Abstract: Most developed countries recognized that household waste is very crucial for survival in addition to securing the safety of the environment and human health. However, developing countries like Ethiopia, let alone use its economic benefits, because of various reasons are dumping wastes in unauthorized sites, which easily expose to harsh hazards, lik...
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