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Hybrid Performance and Heterosis for Yield and Agronomic Traits of Quality Protein Maize (Zea Mays L.) Inbred Lines Adapted to Mid-altitude Agro-Ecology of Ethiopia
Lemi Yadesa,
Sentayehu Alamerew,
Berhanu Tadesse
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
81-94
Received:
14 February 2022
Accepted:
4 March 2022
Published:
14 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajpb.20220702.11
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Abstract: Maize is a primary crop in most farming systems and staple food of the rural population in abundant of the mid-altitude sub- humid agro-ecologies of Ethiopia. Nearly 88% of maize produced in Ethiopia is consumed as food, both as green and dry grain. Yet, it has low protein content since it is normal maize, with poor protein quality limited by deficiencies in lysine and tryptophan and has an excess of leucine and isoleucine. Suggestions on hybrid performance and heterosis of QPM inbred for grain yield and its components is vital to design suitable breeding strategies for the development of nutritionally enhanced maize varieties. A line x tester analysis involving 36 crosses generated by crossing nine elite maize inbred lines with four testers and four checks were evaluated for yield and yield related traits at Bako and Jimma. The objectives were to evaluate mean performance and the magnitude of heterosis for quality protein maize inbred lines, adapted to mid altitude agroecology of Ethiopia. The genotypes were evaluated in alpha lattice design replicated three times. Analyses of variances showed significant (p<0.05 or p<0.01) mean squares due to genotypes in each and across locations for most traits studied, indicating the existence of appropriate genetic variability. The crosses, L5xT2, L7xT2, L8xT1, L8xT2, L3xT2, L5xT1, and L1xT1 showed higher grain yield. The estimated mid and better parent heterosis for grain yield across locations for all crosses displayed positive and highly significant variances which ranged from 386.6% to 111.2% and 288.9% to 72.2%, respectively. From this study, about 77.78% of crosses had better potential for grain yield. The results attained in this experiment suggest that the hopeful potentials of the identified inbred lines for further breeding of QPM for the mid-altitude agro-ecology of Ethiopia.
Abstract: Maize is a primary crop in most farming systems and staple food of the rural population in abundant of the mid-altitude sub- humid agro-ecologies of Ethiopia. Nearly 88% of maize produced in Ethiopia is consumed as food, both as green and dry grain. Yet, it has low protein content since it is normal maize, with poor protein quality limited by defic...
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Determination of Critical Weed Competition Period in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Production at Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia
Ano Wariyo,
Desta Abayechaw,
Negasu Guteta
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
95-102
Received:
1 March 2022
Accepted:
6 April 2022
Published:
14 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajpb.20220702.12
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Abstract: Among the biotic factors, weeds caused significant effects on the yield of roselle and play the greatest role in the production system. With this in mind, the study was carried out at Wondo Genet Rift Valley of Ethiopia to determine the critical weed competition period for growth, yield, and yield components of roselle under rainfed conditions. The experimental treatments consisted of a quantitative series of both the increasing duration of weedy periods and the length of the weed-free periods using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data of growth and yield-related parameters were timely collected following their respective standard methods and procedures and further subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS computer software version 9.4. The results analyzed showed that the weed competition duration had a significant influence on the number of primary branches per plant, the number of capsules /plants, fresh and dry calyx yield/plant, thousand seed weight, and seed yield kg ha-1. The highest fresh and dry calyx yield was recorded from the weed-free check (15348.60kg ha-1) and (1389.42 kg ha-1) whereas the lowest was from the weedy-check (1009.70 kg ha-1) and weedy for 75DACE (Days After Crop Emergence) (242.57 kg ha-1), respectively. The highest seed yield was recorded from the weed-free check (39.03 kg ha-1) whereas the lowest was from the weedy check (4.76 kg ha-1). The yield losses of roselle were estimated based on fresh and dry calyx yield. Thus, the highest yield loss of fresh and dry calyx yield was recorded in the weedy-check (93.42%) and weedy for 90 (82.54%) DACE whereas the lowest was in the weed-free check (0.00%), respectively. To determine the beginning and the end of the critical period of crop-weed competition 5 and 10% acceptable yield loss levels were used. Therefore, to reduce the yield losses by more than 10% and higher economic return, plants must be kept weeds-free within 60 to 90DACE to reduce the risk of economic yield losses as it is the critical period of weed-crop competition in roselle plants.
Abstract: Among the biotic factors, weeds caused significant effects on the yield of roselle and play the greatest role in the production system. With this in mind, the study was carried out at Wondo Genet Rift Valley of Ethiopia to determine the critical weed competition period for growth, yield, and yield components of roselle under rainfed conditions. The...
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Faba Bean Varieties and Bread Wheat Intercropping for Increasing Productivity at Tiyo District, Ethiopia
Debela Bekele,
Mengistu Chemeda
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
103-108
Received:
14 March 2022
Accepted:
12 April 2022
Published:
20 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajpb.20220702.13
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Abstract: Field experiment was conducted in 2019 main cropping season at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, South-eastern Ethiopia to assess the compatibility of faba bean/wheat inter cropping, to select suitable variety of faba bean under different spatial patterns of intercropping, and to assess the economic feasibility of intercropping faba bean with bread wheat. The treatments were three faba bean varieties (Ashebeka, Hachalu and Tumsa) intercropped with bread wheat (variety Hulluka) in three different planting ratios (1W:1FB, 1W:2FB, 2W:1FB) and sole planting of the three faba bean varieties and wheat. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Planting ratio of 1W:2FB, sole cropped faba bean and planting ratio of 1W:1FB with variety Hachalu gave highest grain yield (3426.3 kg ha-1), above ground biomass (11257.3 kg ha-1) and harvest index of faba bean (36%), respectively. Planting ratio of 2W:1FB gave the highest wheat yield (1896.6 kg ha-1). The highest (8057.13 kg ha-1) above ground biomass yield of wheat was recorded at 2W:1FB. Highest gross monetary value of 100,591ETB ha-1 was obtained with planting ratio of 1W:2FB with variety Tumsa. Sole wheat gave the lowest gross monetary value of 59,752 ETB ha-1. This could be due to high price and better competition ability of faba bean with good rainfall distribution in the growing season.
Abstract: Field experiment was conducted in 2019 main cropping season at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, South-eastern Ethiopia to assess the compatibility of faba bean/wheat inter cropping, to select suitable variety of faba bean under different spatial patterns of intercropping, and to assess the economic feasibility of intercropping faba bean with b...
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Effect of Planting Bed Materials on Plantlet Acclimatization and Mini Tubers Production in Four Varieties of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivated in Niger
Sani Daouda Abdou Razak,
Daouda Ousmane Sani,
Lawali Mamane Nassourou,
Mounkaila Boureima Mouhamadou,
Soumaila Sounakoye Illiassa,
Barage Moussa
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
109-115
Received:
12 May 2022
Accepted:
27 May 2022
Published:
9 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajpb.20220702.14
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Abstract: Tissue culture is currently used by many seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) programs enabling the production of high quality, disease free seed potatoes. However, the choice of the ideal substrate is essential for the acclimatization and seedlings growth of the propagated plantlets derived from in vitro micropropagation, since some substrates can increase the seedling mortality and/or limit the seedling growth due to its physical and chemical characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of three weeks old in vitro plantlets of potato variety ATLAS, weaned on different locally sourced substrates. The study took place in the culture room of tissue culture laboratory of Radio-Isotopes Institute, University ABDOU MOUMOUNI, Niamey, Niger. The following substrates mixes (volume/volume) were tested: T01 Sand top soil, T02 Sand-Clay (1:1), T03 Sand-Clay (2:1), T04 Sand-Sawmill waste (1:1), T05 Sand-Sawmill waste (2:1), T06 Sand-Manure (1:1), T07 Sand-Manure (2:1), T08 Sand-Clay-Manure (1,1,1), T09 Sand-Clay-Manure (2,1,1), T10 Sand-Commercial potting soil-Sawmill waste (2,1,1). Completely randomized design was used with four replications. According to the results of the analysis of variance, the differences between substrates were statistically highly significant for the number of leaves, the height of the plants and the shoot fresh biomass. No significant difference was found for root length and biomass. Highest shoot fresh weight was obtained with the commercial potting soil substrate. Seven days after transplanting, recovery rate was 100% for all treatments. However, at 12 DAT, mortality reached 100% for treatment T6 with manure, joined later by treatments T8 and T9 (sand-clay and manure) with 75% mortality after 15 DAT. Plantlets transplanted on T2 and T3 substrates performed well in comparison with commercial soil potting. It could be a potential substitute for the conventional substrate in weaning potato plantlets for pre-base seeds production.
Abstract: Tissue culture is currently used by many seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) programs enabling the production of high quality, disease free seed potatoes. However, the choice of the ideal substrate is essential for the acclimatization and seedlings growth of the propagated plantlets derived from in vitro micropropagation, since some substrates can i...
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Small Crops of Amaranth and Nopal Plants
Edmundo Arias Torres,
Bolívar Arias Olguín,
César Reyes Arias
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
116-119
Received:
27 May 2022
Accepted:
25 June 2022
Published:
30 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajpb.20220702.15
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Abstract: Amaranth and Nopal plants have been part of the Mexican diet of the inhabitants of semi-arid zones mainly, since ancient times. These two plants contain protein and grow with little water and intense solar radiation. They are usually found in open spaces in the country side. These plants have special dietary characteristics. Amaranth seeds contain between 13 and 18% protein and vitamins A, B, B1, B2, B3 and C, which gives it a high nutritional value. Due to their nutritional value they are recommended for children, older adults and specifically the Nopal for diabetics and the Amaranth indicated for celiacs since it does not contain gluten. Neither of these two foods have cholesterol. The Nopal has a fruit called prickly pear which like Amaranth, can also be eaten as candy. Nopal also has application in cosmetics and shampoo. They can be cultivated in small spaces, it is proposed to plant them in residential houses with small spaces for service patios, their plantation can be in drawers that require few wooden boards to build them. These products, in addition to being protein elements, help in the family economy by reducing expenses in proteins of animal origin. The waste can be used for small-scale composting.
Abstract: Amaranth and Nopal plants have been part of the Mexican diet of the inhabitants of semi-arid zones mainly, since ancient times. These two plants contain protein and grow with little water and intense solar radiation. They are usually found in open spaces in the country side. These plants have special dietary characteristics. Amaranth seeds contain ...
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