Magnitude and Associated Risk Factor of HBV Virus Among Pregnant Mothers Attending Antenatal Care in Debre Tabor Referral Hospital; Northwest Ethiopia
Moges Ayalew Kassaw,
Eninur Dejen Amera,
Kefyalew Amogne Azanaw
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-9
Received:
26 October 2020
Accepted:
28 December 2020
Published:
10 March 2021
Abstract: Background: Hepatitis is a contagious liver disease caused by Hepatitis B virus. When a pregnant mother infected, the Hepatitis B virus can stay in the body and Vertical transmit to baby and develop chronic liver disease. In regarding to this Neonatal immunization interrupts this vertical transmission and used to take preventive action. For that reason, this study was undertaken with the aim of determine the magnitude and predisposing factors of HBV infections among pregnant women. An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted 333 pregnant women attending ANC from September 2020 to November 2020 at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital antenatal care clinic. Appropriate sample was collected; serum separated and tested with ELISA test for the detection of HBsAg. Fishers exact test was employed to see the association between variables as well as Logistic regression were applied to identify potential risk factors (P-value < 0.05) was considered as statistically significant. A total of 333 pregnant women within 100% response rate; were enrolled in this study and the magnitude of HBV infections found to be were (22.2%). among the potential risk factors multiple sexual behavior (AOR 3.096), 95% CI=1.469-6.525, P-value=0.003), shaving habit (AOR 3.375, 95% CI=1.511-7.538, P-value=0.003), a history of needle stick injury (AOR 4.080, 95% CI=2.041-8.156, P-value=0.000), history of common usage of Sharpe materials (AOR 8.229, 95% CI=3.991-16.967, P-value=0.000) and history of home delivery by traditional attendants were (AOR 1.557, 95% CI=0.621-3.899, P-value=0.000) were significantly associated with important predictors of hepatitis B infection. For that reason this study showed high endemicity of HBV infection among pregnant women. Multiple sexual practices, history of home delivery, needle stick injury, common usage of Sharpe materials and shaving habit were major factors for hepatitis B virus transmission. Thus, scaling up of screening pregnant women for HBV infection and provision of health education about risk factors and testing all pregnant mothers for hepatitis B virus should be a regular feature of the ANC service. Other community studies, as well as screening HBV antigen marker conducting, will play an important role in accurately determining the true spread of hepatitis B virus in the general population.
Abstract: Background: Hepatitis is a contagious liver disease caused by Hepatitis B virus. When a pregnant mother infected, the Hepatitis B virus can stay in the body and Vertical transmit to baby and develop chronic liver disease. In regarding to this Neonatal immunization interrupts this vertical transmission and used to take preventive action. For that re...
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Concomitant Use of CD138- and CD19-directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor-modified T Cells Enhances Cytotoxicity Towards Multiple Myeloma
Songbo Zhao,
Chao Wu,
Jialu Li,
Yafen Li,
Gangli An,
Huimin Meng,
Zixuan Li,
Lin Yang
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
10-21
Received:
28 April 2021
Accepted:
15 May 2021
Published:
26 May 2021
Abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells, and it is the second most common hematologic malignancy in the world after non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the clinical treatment of MM. In particular, certain novel drugs, such as bortezomib, lenalidomide, and carfilzomib, have greatly improved the survival rate of patients with MM. However, because of drug resistance, most MM patients eventually suffer a relapse and die of the disease. In this study, the chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell (CAR-T cell) technology, which has achieved success in recent clinical trials for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), was used. In view of the high CD138 expression in MM cells and the presence of the CD138–/CD19+ phenotype in a small subset of MM cells, and based on preliminary findings of effective killing of MM cells by CD19-CAR-T cells in clinical studies, CD138- and CD19-directed CAR-T cells were constructed. Through in vitro experiments and the use of a mouse model, we proved that these two types of CAR-T cells possess strong biological activity in the specific killing of target cells, and that the concomitant use of these cells significantly enhances the killing effect in an MM mouse model.
Abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells, and it is the second most common hematologic malignancy in the world after non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the clinical treatment of MM. In particular, certain novel drugs, such as bortezomib, lenalidomi...
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