Voluntary Running Enhances Hippocampal Proliferation by Increasing Hippocampal NGF, BDNF, and IGF-1
Bo Xu,
Xianliang Zhang,
Chenghui Song,
Fei Liang,
Li Zhang
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
1-6
Received:
4 January 2017
Accepted:
25 January 2017
Published:
4 March 2017
Abstract: Neurotrophic factors and growth factors are known to have positive effects on hippocampal proliferation. However, previous findings on the effects of these factors on exercise-induced hippocampal proliferation are inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the effects of voluntary running on hippocampal proliferation and the expression levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in hippocampus. Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control groups 1 and 2 (C1, n = 6; C2, n = 6) and running groups 1 and 2 (R1, n = 6; R2, n = 6). Mice from C1 and C2 were placed individually in standard cages for eight weeks; mice from R1 and R2 were housed individually in cages with a running wheel for eight weeks. At the fifth week, C1 and R1 mice were injected with BrdU for 7 consecutive days. On the first day of the ninth week, the C1 and R1 mice were anaesthetized and hippocampal neuronal proliferation was assessed using immunohistochemistry; the mice in C2 and R2 were sacrificed to test the expression levels of NGF, BDNF, and IGF-1 mRNA in hippocampus using RT-PCR. The results indicated that voluntary running significantly increased the number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG), and significantly upregulated the levels of NGF, BDNF, and IGF-1 mRNA in the hippocampus. In conclusion, our findings indicated that hippocampal proliferation was enhanced by voluntary running, which was associated with increased NGF, BDNF, and IGF-1 mRNA levels in the hippocampus.
Abstract: Neurotrophic factors and growth factors are known to have positive effects on hippocampal proliferation. However, previous findings on the effects of these factors on exercise-induced hippocampal proliferation are inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the effects of voluntary running on hippocampal proliferation and the expression levels of ...
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Effect of the Energy of Consciousness (The Trivedi Effect®) on the Structural Properties and Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Magnesium Gluconate Using LC-MS and NMR Spectroscopy
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Barry Dean Wellborn,
Deborah Lea Smith,
Dezi Ann Koster,
Elizabeth Patric,
Jagdish Singh,
Kathleen Starr Vagt,
Krista Joanne Callas,
Parthasarathi Panda,
Kalyan Kumar Sethi,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
7-15
Received:
6 February 2017
Accepted:
18 February 2017
Published:
9 March 2017
Abstract: Magnesium gluconate has the wide application for the prevention and treatment of hypomagnesemia. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Healing Treatment) on magnesium gluconate for the change in the structural properties and isotopic abundance ratio (PM+1/PM) using LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Magnesium gluconate was divided into two parts – one part was control, and another part was treated with The Trivedi Effect® - Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely by seven renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® Treated sample. The LC-MS analysis of both the control and treated samples revealed the presence of the mass of the protonated magnesium gluconate at m/z 415 at the retention time of 1.53 minutes with almost similar fragmentation pattern. The relative peak intensities of the fragment ions of the treated sample were significantly altered compared with the control sample. The proton and carbon signals for CH, CH2 and CO groups in the proton and carbon NMR spectra were observed almost similar for the control and the treated samples. The isotopic abundance ratio analysis revealed that the percentage of the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM (2H/1H or 13C/12C or 17O/16O or 25Mg/24Mg) was significantly increased in treated sample by 80.38%, compared with the control sample. Briefly, 13C, 2H, 17O, and 25Mg contributions from (C12H23MgO14)+ to m/z 416; 18O and 26Mg contributions from (C12H23MgO14)+ to m/z 417 in the treated sample were significantly increased compared with the control sample. Thus, the treated magnesium gluconate could be valuable for designing better pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical formulations through its changed physicochemical and thermal properties, which might be providing better therapeutic response against various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, allergy, aging, inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, and other chronic infections. The Trivedi Effect® treated magnesium gluconate might be supportive to design the novel potent enzyme inhibitors using its kinetic isotope effects.
Abstract: Magnesium gluconate has the wide application for the prevention and treatment of hypomagnesemia. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Healing Treatment) on magnesium gluconate for the change in the structural properties and isotopic abund...
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