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Impact of Water Temperature and Salinity on the Distribution and Abundance of Shrimp (Crustacean: Decapoda) at Lake Burullus, Egypt
Khalid Abd-Elatef El-Damhogy,
Ahmed Mabrook Mohamed Heneash,
Ahmed EL-Sayed Zakey
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
1-7
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
17 November 2016
Published:
20 December 2016
Abstract: The impact of water temperature and salinity on the abundance and distribution of shrimp in Lake Burullus, Egypt was studied at 7 selected sites during the period from January to December 2015. The shrimp in Lake Burullus during this work is represented by three species (Metapenaeus stebbingi, M. monoceros and Penaeus semisulcatus). They dominated by P. semisulcatus being constituted 51% of the annual mean of shrimp number while M. monoceros came to the second which represent 35%, at the same time the M. stebbingi was occupied the third status by 14%. P. semisulcatus and M. monoceros appeared in the period between (September and December) while species M. stebbingi was collected during the period between (April and June). Regarding sites, the shrimp present in sites 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 but they absent at site 7. The highest annual mean of shrimp density was 872.50 ± 372.45 Ind./CPUE/ 12h but the lowest annual one was 230.17 ± 84.03 Ind./CPUE/ 12h. Monthly, the maximum mean of shrimp number was 2209.67 ± 522.40 Ind./CPUE/12h during October, but the minimum one was 195 ± 86.25 Ind./CPUE/12h in June with an annual mean being 460.54 ± 195.15Ind./CPUE/ 12h. During this work, temperature has positive correlation with non-significant effect on the collected species (P>0.05), while the relation between the abundance of all collected species and salinity was positively significant relationship (P<0.05).
Abstract: The impact of water temperature and salinity on the abundance and distribution of shrimp in Lake Burullus, Egypt was studied at 7 selected sites during the period from January to December 2015. The shrimp in Lake Burullus during this work is represented by three species (Metapenaeus stebbingi, M. monoceros and Penaeus semisulcatus). They dominated ...
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Assessment of Chlorpyrifos Pollution on Cichlidogyrus sp Infestation and the Oreochromis niloticus Immune Status
Zeinab M. El-Bouhy,
Gamal El- Nobi A.,
Rasha M. Reda,
Rowida E. Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
8-15
Received:
23 November 2016
Accepted:
7 December 2016
Published:
10 January 2017
Abstract: One hundred and fifty O. niloticus (35±0.5g) were collected from Abbassa Fish Hatchery, Sharkia, Egypt to determine the changes in immune parameters (after 15 and 30 days) of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to Organophosphrous insecticide (Chlorpyrifos) and infested with Cichlidogyrus sp. In addition, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the Chlorpyrifos exposure on the intensity and vitality of Cichlidogyrus sp. Chlorpyrifos decreased significantly both parasitic intensity and vitality. Serum total proteins, albumin and globulin were significantly decreased in both infested group and infested ones with pesticide exposure. Serum IgM level was elevated in infested group after 15 days of the experiment and decreased after 30 days of the experiment. Serum lysozyme and nitric oxide were elevated in all experimental groups after 15 and 30 days of the experiment. While phagocytic % and Phagocytic index were significantly decreased in all experimental groups after 15 and 30 days of the experiment. The expression of IL-1β were significantly increased after 15 days of the experiment, while both infestation and Chlorpyrifos exposure showed no significant differences after 30 days. In conclusion, infection with Cichlidogyrus sp. in fish exposed to Chlorpyrifos pollution had the highest drastic effect on the health and immune status of fish.
Abstract: One hundred and fifty O. niloticus (35±0.5g) were collected from Abbassa Fish Hatchery, Sharkia, Egypt to determine the changes in immune parameters (after 15 and 30 days) of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to Organophosphrous insecticide (Chlorpyrifos) and infested with Cichlidogyrus sp. In addition, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect...
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Field Evaluation of Lethal Ovitraps for the Control of Dengue Vectors in Islamabad, Pakistan
Imrana Noreen,
Imtinan Akram Khan,
Emad Khater,
Muhammad Naeem,
Ahmad Mohammad Allam,
Rizwan Ahmed,
Muhammad Mohsin,
Soaib Ali Hassan,
Doaa E. Soliman
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
16-25
Received:
22 November 2016
Accepted:
14 December 2016
Published:
16 January 2017
Abstract: Limited success has been attained using long-established mosquito vector control methods to prevent dengue transmission. Integrated disease control programs making use of alternative tools, e.g. Lethal ovitraps may provide greater prospects for monitoring and reducing vector populations and disease transmission in order to provide new robust data on the efficiency of entomological surveillance methods to control important dengue and other disease vectors in Pakistan and other geographic regions. The purpose of this study was to figure out the efficiency of Lethal ovitraps in eggs collection baited with grass infusion. This study also aimed at exploring Aedes infestation indices and generation of baseline data by indoor and outdoor ovi-trapping. Field evaluation of a Lethal ovitraps containing Deltamethrin-treated strip was carried out for monitoring the dengue vector (s) Aedes mosquitoes during November-February, 2015 in Rawal Town, Islamabad, Pakistan. The study site was divided into treatment and control blocks with 20 randomly selected houses for each block. Each block received 40 Lethal ovitraps (LOs) with and without treatment. The oviposition response by Aedes mosquitoes was measured using the Ovitrap Positive Index (OPI) and the Eggs Density Index (EDI). There were six weekly eggs collections made. Which yielded 510 Aedes eggs with 32 and 478 from the treatment and the control blocks, respectively, indicating the damaging effect of Deltamethrin on the treatment group. The weekly egg collections yielded 510 Aedes eggs with 32 and 478 from the treatment and the control blocks, respectively, indicating the damaging effect of Deltamethrin on the treatment group. The OPI response of treatment and control ovitraps was different. OPI was higher in the controls than in the treatment groups. Moreover, there was a significant difference in EDI of treatment compared to control. There was complete inhibition of larvae emergence in Lethal ovitraps in comparison to the control, where 50.20% larvae were formed. The results indicated that the Lethal ovitraps proved to be a very effective tool for monitoring and controlling Aedes populations under natural conditions. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the number of eggs was obtained in the treated group. At lower operational costs and consistency, these LOs can be practically used as a benign tool for measuring infestation rates for entomological surveillance of Aedes species.
Abstract: Limited success has been attained using long-established mosquito vector control methods to prevent dengue transmission. Integrated disease control programs making use of alternative tools, e.g. Lethal ovitraps may provide greater prospects for monitoring and reducing vector populations and disease transmission in order to provide new robust data o...
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Survey and Identification of Macroinvertebrates Found in Some Ponds in Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria
Ada Raymond Tersoo,
Iorshagher Sixtus Terngu,
Akogwu Emmanuel Akogwu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
26-32
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
7 December 2016
Published:
20 January 2017
Abstract: Macroinvertebrates are important part of the aquatic food chain, vectors of some diseases as well as indicators of pollution in an aquatic environment. A survey of macroinvertebrates fauna of five ponds was done to identify the species present in these water bodies. The scoop net method was used and supplemented by hand picking method to collect macroinvertebrate samples. Results obtained showed that four classes of macroinvertebrates were present at the sampled sites and class insecta had the highest percentage occurrence (57.27%) followed by gastropoda (31.10%), malacostraca (6.69%) and oligochaete (4.94%) with the least occurrence. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the classes of macroinvertebrates sampled at all locations. Further analysis using Post hoc test (LSD) showed that the class malacostraca and oligochaete did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) in distribution across all locations. Physio – chemical parameters showed no striking disparity in the water bodies sampled. The predominant aquatic flora encountered were Ipomoea aquatica, Nymphaea lotus and Graminae species. All macroinvertebrates belonged to three phylum: Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda.
Abstract: Macroinvertebrates are important part of the aquatic food chain, vectors of some diseases as well as indicators of pollution in an aquatic environment. A survey of macroinvertebrates fauna of five ponds was done to identify the species present in these water bodies. The scoop net method was used and supplemented by hand picking method to collect ma...
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Assessment of Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Crude Venom of Cone Snail Conus flavidus on albino Mice
Mona F. Abou-Elezz,
Alaa Y. Moustafa,
Mohamed S. El-Naggar
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
33-44
Received:
10 January 2017
Accepted:
19 January 2017
Published:
18 February 2017
Abstract: The genus Conus is equipped with a unique venomous mixture of conopeptides which secreted for predation and defense purposes. This work is aiming to explore and determine the effect of the crude venom of Conus flavidus, a worm-hunting cone snail inhabiting the Red Sea, on the oxidant/ antioxidant system in mice using some oxidative stress biomarker assays. In addition to assess its histopathological effects on some treated organs. The LC50 were detected for the crude venom using the hemolytic assay (16.7 mg/ml) and male albino mice were injected intraperitoneally with ½ LC50 (8.3 mg/kg B.Wt). Biochemically, after 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hours of injection the results revealed significant inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in blood and liver in almost all time intervals comparing with control one. However, it showed elevation in lipid peroxide content (LPC), protein carbonyl content (PCC), nitric oxide level (NO) reduced glutathione content (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) contents of both blood and liver in almost all time intervals. Histopathologicaly, liver and heart were dissected after 1, 3 and 7 days of injection. The treated liver showed vacuolar degeneration, karyolosis and pyknosis, mild blood sinusoidal congestion and centrilobular necrosis. The treated heart illustrated degenerated myofibrils, pyknosis, edema, blood vessel congestion, loss of striation normal construction and fascicular pattern in the myocardium. These results revealed that C. flavidus crude venom has distinct effects upon the oxidant/antioxidant cellular system and degenerative pathological effects in some tissues of treated animals, proving that this venom may contain bioactive peptides, which could be purified and used for further pharmacological and drug discovery investigations in the future.
Abstract: The genus Conus is equipped with a unique venomous mixture of conopeptides which secreted for predation and defense purposes. This work is aiming to explore and determine the effect of the crude venom of Conus flavidus, a worm-hunting cone snail inhabiting the Red Sea, on the oxidant/ antioxidant system in mice using some oxidative stress biomarker...
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Comparative Study on the Anti-Parasitic Activities of Securidaca and Senna occidentalis Root Extracts Against Trichomonas vaginalis
Imam T. S.,
Abdullahi M. M.,
Dabo. N. T.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
45-51
Received:
26 September 2016
Accepted:
13 October 2016
Published:
1 March 2017
Abstract: Trichomonas vaginalis resistance to conventional antibiotics justifies the need to explore alternative remedies from medicinal plants since they represent a rich source of antiparasitic agents. This research was aimed to determine the inhibitory activities of two medicinal plants (S. longepedunculata and S. occidentalis) used to treat parasitic infections amongst the tribes of northern Nigeria. In the present study, extracts of the plants were obtained using maceration method, and their growth inhibitory activity against Trichomonas vaginalis evaluated in vitro. The extracts from the two plants revealed varied antiparasitic activities against the test organisms. The aqueous root extracts of the plants generally demonstrated higher growth inhibitory activity at 50 and 25mg/ml concentrations, while the least activity of the aqueous roots extracts were at lower concentration of 3.125mg/ml. The maximum antiparasitic activity was recorded for the aqueous root extract of S. synergistically against T. vaginalis. (Growth inhibition = 99.15%GI) at 50mg/ml. Findings from the statistical analysis, the result revealed significant difference (P<0.05) between S. and S. occidentalis. However, the result revealed significant difference (P<0.001), between the whole group of the aqueous root extracts with the negative control, and no significant difference among the other group of the aqueous roots extracts, The result presents the basis for which these plants have been used for treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infections in traditional medicine. Results obtained suggest potential of the plants in the search for novel antiparasitic agents. Based on the findings from the current studies, the following suggestions are recommended: further researches should focus on other STI of medical importance such as Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis, and also research should be geared toward isolating active chemical component(s) and elucidate their exact mechanism(s) of action, safety margin and efficacy, Conservation of S. and S. occidentalis biodiversity should be also an important aspect to ensure sustainable availability of the plant.
Abstract: Trichomonas vaginalis resistance to conventional antibiotics justifies the need to explore alternative remedies from medicinal plants since they represent a rich source of antiparasitic agents. This research was aimed to determine the inhibitory activities of two medicinal plants (S. longepedunculata and S. occidentalis) used to treat parasitic inf...
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Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles of Leaf Extracts of Priva cordifolia (L. F.) Druce
R. Amster Regin Lawrence,
T. Leon Stephan Raj,
A. Antony Selvi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
52-55
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
15 February 2017
Published:
2 March 2017
Abstract: A basic need in the field of nanotechnology is the development of reliable and eco-friendly techniques for synthesis of metal nanoparticles. To accomplish this need the plant system has emerged as an efficient living factory for synthesis of metal nanoparticles. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants is non-toxic, fast, takes place at ambient temperature and low cost. A variety of plants and plant organs (leaf, stem, root and bark) and plant enzymes have shown the successful synthesis of metal nanoparticles. In the present investigation AgNO3 mediated nanoparticles were synthesized using the leaf extracts of Priva cordifolia (L. F.) Druce. belonging to the family Verbenaceae and it was characterized by UV-VIS spectrum, X-Ray Diffraction studies, EDX and SEM analysis. Color change, SEM, EDX and XRD analysis confirmed the stability of synthesized AgNPs. The antimicrobial potential and wide applications of AgNPs in different fields could be analyzed in future.
Abstract: A basic need in the field of nanotechnology is the development of reliable and eco-friendly techniques for synthesis of metal nanoparticles. To accomplish this need the plant system has emerged as an efficient living factory for synthesis of metal nanoparticles. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants is non-toxic, fast, takes place at am...
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