Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Tilapia zilli Exposed to Industrial Effluents Under Laboratory Conditions
Kusemiju Victor,
Aderinola Oluwatoyin,
Egonmwan Rosemary,
Otitoloju Adebayo
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
1-7
Received:
27 December 2020
Accepted:
14 January 2021
Published:
8 January 2022
Abstract: Characterization of the effluents from Agbara Industrial Estate treatment plant showed that the effluents were complex and varied in composition. Though the treatment methods used by the treatment plant (aeration and use of chemicals) made the discharged effluents conform to the effluent discharge requirement in Nigeria. As far as the temperature, PH, level of Pb, Zn, Mn, and Cd were concerned. The color (443.00±12.08Hz, BOD (240.50±10.26mgl-1), Fe (9.20±1.28mgl-1) were however above the permissible level of discharge while dissolved oxygen (2.30±0.38mgl-1) was below the permissible level. Tilapia zilli was found to accumulate heavy metals in the effluent above the what was in the media of exposure. After about eight weeks of exposure, the level of heavy metals in the fish were about 10 times in the exposure media. This is a testimony of the amazing power of T. zilli to concentrate heavy metals in its body. In this study, T. zilli was found to accumulate 275.42mgl-1 of lead in 40% effluent compared with 88.06 in 10% effluent. After eight weeks of exposure, the heavy metals were 10 times in the fish than the effluent. The amount of heavy metals accumulated were also found to be concentration of effluents and period of fish exposure dependent. In general, the metals were preferably accumulated by T. zilli in the order of Pb>Fe>Cu>Mn>Cd. In the tissues, the heavy metals were accumulated in the order of whole fish>gill>gut>liver>muscles. It is thus not safe to fertilize fish ponds with industrial effluents as this could increase the level of metals in consumers knowing that heavy metals are toxic when above the level recommended in foods.
Abstract: Characterization of the effluents from Agbara Industrial Estate treatment plant showed that the effluents were complex and varied in composition. Though the treatment methods used by the treatment plant (aeration and use of chemicals) made the discharged effluents conform to the effluent discharge requirement in Nigeria. As far as the temperature, ...
Show More
Assessment of the Heavy Metals’ Levels, Phytochemical Profiles, Mineral and Proximate Compositions of Four Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Lagos State, Nigeria
Oluwole Surukite Opeolu,
Ogun Mautin Lawrence,
Adamson Toluwaloju Olamide
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
8-14
Received:
11 November 2021
Accepted:
1 December 2021
Published:
24 January 2022
Abstract: Safety of the environments (land, air and water) including plants and animals inhabiting it is a concern for many ecologists nowadays and this is due to human ecosystems’ exploration. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the heavy metals’ levels, phytochemical profiles, mineral and proximate compositions of four commonly consumed vegetables in Lagos State. Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina, Telfairia occidentalis, Gnetum africanum and Parquetina nigrescens were obtained in some major markets in Lagos State; the leaves of the vegetables were subjected to laboratory analysis for the determination of phytochemical, mineral, proximate and heavy metals’ concentrations using standard procedures. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Proximate analysis revealed appreciable amount of protein, carbohydrate, fat, moisture and ash contents in the vegetables. The phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of some vital secondary metabolites viz: tannins, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroid, phlobatanin, alkaloid and sugar except terpenoids within the four vegetables sampled. However, it was observed that T. occidentalis lack saponins; P. nigrescens contain no tannins and phenols while, G. africanum show no steroids and phlobatannins. Also, the analysis of metals revealed the range of minerals- K (27.51-68.09mg/100g), Mg (25.68-27.60mg/100g), Mn (0.31-1.06mg/100g), Zn (0.45-1.42mg/100g), Fe (2.20-6.65mg/100g), P (1.10-1.19mg/100g) and Na (1.36-2.15mg/100g) and heavy metals-Pb (0.10-0.28mg/100g), Ag (0.04-0.57mg/100g), Cd (.01-0.90mg/100g), Cu (2.95-3.35mg/100g), Cr (0.075-2.60mg/100g), Co (0.45-0.95mg/100g) and Ni (1.16-2.60mg/100g) and all these elements were within or below the World Health Organization’s permissible limits for toxicity. Hence, these four vegetables commonly consumed in Lagos are good and toxic free for consumption and continuous check on the consumed vegetables in Lagos to avoid toxicity since it’s a mega city with industrialization is recommended.
Abstract: Safety of the environments (land, air and water) including plants and animals inhabiting it is a concern for many ecologists nowadays and this is due to human ecosystems’ exploration. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the heavy metals’ levels, phytochemical profiles, mineral and proximate compositions of four commonly consumed vegetables in Lagos...
Show More
