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Thermoprotective Properties of the Venom of the Transcaucasian Vipera (Macrovipera Lebetina Obtusa Dyigubsky, 1832)
Topchiyeva Shafiga,
Babaev Elmar
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
98-101
Received:
15 May 2017
Accepted:
20 June 2017
Published:
21 July 2017
Abstract: The paper presents data on the study of the thermoprotective properties of the venom of the Transcaucasian Vipeta (Macrovipera lebetina obtuse) on 120 white mongrel mice subjected to thermal exposure (30 - 50°C) for 30 minutes with the injection of zootoxin in doses (2 mg / kg and 4 mg / kg). It was found that the lifespan of mice was increased with respect to a series of experiments in which the injection of venoms under the conditions of normothermia was used for 28 - 30 minutes and 15 - 20 minutes to 120.0 ± 8.5 and 160.0 ± 19.7 minutes, respectively. It was found that in the posthyperthermic period after a 30-minute thermal exposure (30 - 50°C) in the control group of animal experiments, a 100% mortality was observed during 24 hours, and with the preliminary injection of a venom in the range of doses 2 - 4 mg / kg Survival in 30% - 50% of experimental animals was noted. Thus, the thermoprotective property of the venom of the Transcaucasian vipera has been proved.
Abstract: The paper presents data on the study of the thermoprotective properties of the venom of the Transcaucasian Vipeta (Macrovipera lebetina obtuse) on 120 white mongrel mice subjected to thermal exposure (30 - 50°C) for 30 minutes with the injection of zootoxin in doses (2 mg / kg and 4 mg / kg). It was found that the lifespan of mice was increased wit...
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Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Water from Epie Creek, Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Vivian Nkeiru Ben-Eledo,
Lovet Tarilate Kigigha,
Sylvester Chibueze Izah,
Benjamin Onyema Eledo
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
102-108
Received:
15 May 2017
Accepted:
3 June 2017
Published:
21 July 2017
Abstract: This study evaluated the bacteriological quality of water samples from Epie creek, Niger Delta. Water samples were collected from five different locations (Akenfa, Agudama-Epie, Tombia, Opolo and Biogbolo) in two seasons viz: dry i.e. January and February and wet season i.e. May and June, 2016). The samples were analyzed following standard protocols. Results from the water quality ranged from 5.38-6.74 log cfu/ml (total heterotrophic bacteria), 1.72-2.54 log cfu/ml (Salmonella-shigella counts), 2.01-2.83 log MPN/100ml (total coliform), 1.55-2.22 log MPN/100ml (faecal coliforms). Analysis of variance showed that there was significance difference (P<0.05) in total and fecal coliform for location, months and interaction for total and fecal coliform, and no significance difference (P>0.05) for total heterotrophic bacteria and Salmonella-Shigella counts. The bacterial isolates were Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Erminia, Klesbsiella, Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus, Serratia, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium species, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. The monthly and spatial distribution similarity interaction ranged from 88.00 – 96.00% and 55.56 – 86.96% respectively, being above critical level of significance = 50% for similarity index. The values showed that anthropogenic activities in the creek are having an impact on the water quality.
Abstract: This study evaluated the bacteriological quality of water samples from Epie creek, Niger Delta. Water samples were collected from five different locations (Akenfa, Agudama-Epie, Tombia, Opolo and Biogbolo) in two seasons viz: dry i.e. January and February and wet season i.e. May and June, 2016). The samples were analyzed following standard protocol...
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Bioremediation of Total Soluble Salt of Tannery Effluent Using Halophilic Microbial Consortium
Umar Mustapha,
Ezeta Chibugo Loveth,
Mustapha Mohammed Bashir,
Mohammed Ibrahim Balarabe,
Sani Bashir,
Tashi Umar Tijjani,
Obafemi Anate Anthony,
Abdulkarim Ismail Muhammad
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
109-118
Received:
15 May 2017
Accepted:
16 June 2017
Published:
25 July 2017
Abstract: Tannery effluent is known to contain large amount of dissolved salt (such as NaCl) used in the preliminary preservation of hides and skin, which is known to be highly soluble and stable in nature, difficult to eliminate and toxic in nature, thereby being a burden to the environment (ecosystem) and human health. The aim of this study is to isolate halophilic organisms from Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria tannery dumpsite using selective media. The isolated microbes were characterized microscopically and biochemically using standard methods. The microbes isolated include; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The isolates were used for the bioremediation of total soluble salt in the tannery effluent. Before the tannery effluent treatment, physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, colour, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), chloride content, conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS) and salinity were determined using standard procedures. The bioremediation of tannery effluent was carried out using the isolated organisms individually and in combination. The highest remediation was observed in the combination of microbial consortium, followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus sp. The temperature of the effluent ranges between 27.4°C to 27.6°C before the bioremediation, which increased to between 28.4°C and 32.3°C after remediation. Majority of the physicochemical parameters analyzed recorded drastic decrease especially the salinity (7.10 ppt to 1011 ppm), conductivity (1788 µS to 1407 mS), colour (faint ash to ash), BOD (942 mg/l to 1156 mg/l), COD (1239 mg/l to 508 mg/l), chloride content (181.9 mg/l to 579.8 mg/l), pH (6.3 to 9.1) and TDS (8.20 ppt to 1322 ppm) respectively. Most of the physicochemical parameters are above the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority (EEPA) standard safe limit viz; pH (6.9), Conductivity (2500 µScm−¹), BOD5 (50 mg/l and 200 mg/l), COD (500 mg/l). However, temperature (<40 and 40°C) and chloride content (1000 mg/l and 600 mg/l) are within the acceptable limits. Also, there is significant difference (P= 0.000 at 0.005 level of significance) between the chloride content of the tannery effluent before the bioremediation and the chloride content after ten days bioremediation. Thus, it is recommended to use these organisms in combination to remedy total dissolved salt efficiently than in single. Halophiles can be used in bioremediation of total soluble salt in tannery effluent. It is recommended that natural halophilic microbes should be used in the remediation of total soluble salts in preference to chemicals, which may contain heavy metals that cause toxicity and threat to the environment (ecosystem) and human health.
Abstract: Tannery effluent is known to contain large amount of dissolved salt (such as NaCl) used in the preliminary preservation of hides and skin, which is known to be highly soluble and stable in nature, difficult to eliminate and toxic in nature, thereby being a burden to the environment (ecosystem) and human health. The aim of this study is to isolate h...
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Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDAX & TEM) Studies on Streptococcosis in Egyptian Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Hosam Saleh,
Fatma A. S. Mohamed,
Mohamed Abd Al-Razik,
Nader Mahmoud,
Abeer H. Younis,
Madiha Salah Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
119-124
Received:
9 June 2017
Accepted:
16 June 2017
Published:
25 July 2017
Abstract: A field study on Streptococcus infection as a major cause for epidemic infections in Nile Tilapia aquaculture in Kafr El-Shikh Governorate was conducted. This study was carried out to study the gross lesions and post mortem finding of Streptococcsis in Nile Tilapia. Streptococcus was isolated, then identified by Electron Microscopy (Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)) to investigate the phenotypic characteristics, ultra-structure of the bacterial cells. Clinical signs of the infected fish showed presence of hemorrhagic patches on different external body regions, ascitis and exophthalmia. Post mortem examinations revealed presence of inflammation of the liver, spleen and kidney. Microbial identification by Gram stain showed Gram positive cocci in shape arranged in chains and the biochemical tests displayed negative catalase and oxidase tests. Electron Microscopy (SEM, EDAX & TEM) confirmed these results and showed the clear cocci shape of streptococcus species and the arrangement of the chains with a bacterial average length of 700 nm. The EDAX results revealed that the elemental structure of the bacterial sample were C,N,O with the concentration 46.93%, 16.61% and 36.46%, respectively.
Abstract: A field study on Streptococcus infection as a major cause for epidemic infections in Nile Tilapia aquaculture in Kafr El-Shikh Governorate was conducted. This study was carried out to study the gross lesions and post mortem finding of Streptococcsis in Nile Tilapia. Streptococcus was isolated, then identified by Electron Microscopy (Scanning Electr...
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Acute Toxicity of Bismuth to the Earthworm Eisenia andrei
Zohra Omouri,
Jalal Hawari,
Michel Fournier,
Pierre Yves Robidoux
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
125-133
Received:
30 May 2017
Accepted:
3 July 2017
Published:
9 August 2017
Abstract: Bismuth (Bi) is increasingly used in several industrial applications including the production of alloys, drugs, cosmetics and munitions formulations. However, little information is available on the environmental fate and ecotoxicological effects of Bi. The present study describes 14 days acute toxicity of Bi, added as Bi citrate to a natural sandy soil, to the adult earthworm Eisenia andrei. Total measured Bi concentrations were 298.0, 399.5, 431.0, and 469.5 mg Bi/kg dry soil. Data indicates that Bi was toxic to Eisenia andrei, as determined by LC50 and LOEC, i.e., 416.0 and 399.5 mg Bi/kg dry soil, respectively. At 14 days in the presence of Eisenia andrei the bioaccessible fraction of Bi in soil, as determined in KNO3 aqueous soil extracts, increased by a factor ranging from 1.6 to 30.0 compared to those measured at the beginning of experiment. Moreover, this study shows that an increase in pH caused by the presence of earthworm in soil was accompanied by increase in Bi bioaccessibility and consequently toxicity. For example, when Bi bioaccessibility increased from 0.262 to 7.516 mg Bi/kg dry soil, the mortality rate increased from 0 to 79%. Assuming that there were at least two routes by which Eisania andrei enhanced Bi bioaccessibility; one route was guided by the mobility, the biochemical (mucus) and the biological (bacteria) interactions of Eisenia andrei with soil constituents, and the other route was marked by the death of earthworms and the release of the accumulated Bi from the carcass.
Abstract: Bismuth (Bi) is increasingly used in several industrial applications including the production of alloys, drugs, cosmetics and munitions formulations. However, little information is available on the environmental fate and ecotoxicological effects of Bi. The present study describes 14 days acute toxicity of Bi, added as Bi citrate to a natural sandy ...
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