Removal of Heavy Metals from Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluent by Combination of Adsorption and Chemical Precipitation Methods

Tope Babatunde Ibigbami; Folasegun Anthony Dawodu; Olayinka John Akinyeye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15

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Removal of Heavy Metals from Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluent by Combination of Adsorption and Chemical Precipitation Methods

Tope Babatunde Ibigbami, Folasegun Anthony Dawodu, Olayinka John Akinyeye

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 4 January 2016 Accepted: 14 January 2016 Published: 1 March 2016

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Abstract

The removal of heavy metals from our environment especially industrial effluents is now shifting from the use of conventional adsorbents to the use of chemical precipitation. The presence of heavy metals in the environment is a major concern because of their toxicity, bioaccumulating tendency, and threat to human life and the environment. The main objective of this research is to study the effectiveness of the combination of hydrogen peroxide and activated bentonite clay in the removal of heavy metal ions from pharmaceutical industrial effluent. About 13.790 mg/l of Fe, 1.650 mg/l of Zn and 2.000 mg/l of Ni were detected in the digested sample and batch removal of heavy metals such as Fe, Zn and Ni from industrial wastewater effluent under different experimental conditions using hydrogen peroxide as precipitating agent in combination with activated bentonite clay as adsorbent. Appreciable differences in the level of heavy metals concentration were observed based on pH effect. The result shows higher effectiveness relatives to other treatments formulated for the effluent treatment such as Alum precipitation effect, effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration dose, contact time effect and temperature effect. Removal of heavy metals in effluent was optimum at pH 10 for zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) and at pH 8 for iron (Fe), at temperature of 50°C, 0.75% hydrogen peroxide concentration dose and 100 mins holding time, reducing the amounts from 13.790 to 1.436 mg/l of Fe, while 1.650 to 0.127 mg/l of Zn and 2.000 to 0.115 mg/l of Ni respectively. The percentage differences in concentration for the heavy metals removal in industrial wastewater are as follows: Fe (89.58%), Zn (92.30%) and Ni (94.22%). The result showed high level of Zn and Ni generated from this pharmaceutical industry is above 1 mg/l FEPA and WHO standard but only Fe showed low level concentration compared to 20 mg/l FEPA and WHO standard in this study. This study reveals the need for enforcing adequate effluent treatment methods before their discharge to surface water to reduce their potential environmental hazards.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15
Page(s)	24-32
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Pharmaceutical Effluent, Hydrogen Peroxide, Activated Bentonite Clay

References

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Tope Babatunde Ibigbami, Folasegun Anthony Dawodu, Olayinka John Akinyeye. (2016). Removal of Heavy Metals from Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluent by Combination of Adsorption and Chemical Precipitation Methods. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(1), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15

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ACS Style

Tope Babatunde Ibigbami; Folasegun Anthony Dawodu; Olayinka John Akinyeye. Removal of Heavy Metals from Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluent by Combination of Adsorption and Chemical Precipitation Methods. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2016, 4(1), 24-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15

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AMA Style

Tope Babatunde Ibigbami, Folasegun Anthony Dawodu, Olayinka John Akinyeye. Removal of Heavy Metals from Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluent by Combination of Adsorption and Chemical Precipitation Methods. Am J Appl Chem. 2016;4(1):24-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15,
  author = {Tope Babatunde Ibigbami and Folasegun Anthony Dawodu and Olayinka John Akinyeye},
  title = {Removal of Heavy Metals from Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluent by Combination of Adsorption and Chemical Precipitation Methods},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {24-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20160401.15},
  abstract = {The removal of heavy metals from our environment especially industrial effluents is now shifting from the use of conventional adsorbents to the use of chemical precipitation. The presence of heavy metals in the environment is a major concern because of their toxicity, bioaccumulating tendency, and threat to human life and the environment. The main objective of this research is to study the effectiveness of the combination of hydrogen peroxide and activated bentonite clay in the removal of heavy metal ions from pharmaceutical industrial effluent. About 13.790 mg/l of Fe, 1.650 mg/l of Zn and 2.000 mg/l of Ni were detected in the digested sample and batch removal of heavy metals such as Fe, Zn and Ni from industrial wastewater effluent under different experimental conditions using hydrogen peroxide as precipitating agent in combination with activated bentonite clay as adsorbent. Appreciable differences in the level of heavy metals concentration were observed based on pH effect. The result shows higher effectiveness relatives to other treatments formulated for the effluent treatment such as Alum precipitation effect, effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration dose, contact time effect and temperature effect. Removal of heavy metals in effluent was optimum at pH 10 for zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) and at pH 8 for iron (Fe), at temperature of 50°C, 0.75% hydrogen peroxide concentration dose and 100 mins holding time, reducing the amounts from 13.790 to 1.436 mg/l of Fe, while 1.650 to 0.127 mg/l of Zn and 2.000 to 0.115 mg/l of Ni respectively. The percentage differences in concentration for the heavy metals removal in industrial wastewater are as follows: Fe (89.58%), Zn (92.30%) and Ni (94.22%). The result showed high level of Zn and Ni generated from this pharmaceutical industry is above 1 mg/l FEPA and WHO standard but only Fe showed low level concentration compared to 20 mg/l FEPA and WHO standard in this study. This study reveals the need for enforcing adequate effluent treatment methods before their discharge to surface water to reduce their potential environmental hazards.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Removal of Heavy Metals from Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluent by Combination of Adsorption and Chemical Precipitation Methods
AU  - Tope Babatunde Ibigbami
AU  - Folasegun Anthony Dawodu
AU  - Olayinka John Akinyeye
Y1  - 2016/03/01
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 24
EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15
AB  - The removal of heavy metals from our environment especially industrial effluents is now shifting from the use of conventional adsorbents to the use of chemical precipitation. The presence of heavy metals in the environment is a major concern because of their toxicity, bioaccumulating tendency, and threat to human life and the environment. The main objective of this research is to study the effectiveness of the combination of hydrogen peroxide and activated bentonite clay in the removal of heavy metal ions from pharmaceutical industrial effluent. About 13.790 mg/l of Fe, 1.650 mg/l of Zn and 2.000 mg/l of Ni were detected in the digested sample and batch removal of heavy metals such as Fe, Zn and Ni from industrial wastewater effluent under different experimental conditions using hydrogen peroxide as precipitating agent in combination with activated bentonite clay as adsorbent. Appreciable differences in the level of heavy metals concentration were observed based on pH effect. The result shows higher effectiveness relatives to other treatments formulated for the effluent treatment such as Alum precipitation effect, effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration dose, contact time effect and temperature effect. Removal of heavy metals in effluent was optimum at pH 10 for zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) and at pH 8 for iron (Fe), at temperature of 50°C, 0.75% hydrogen peroxide concentration dose and 100 mins holding time, reducing the amounts from 13.790 to 1.436 mg/l of Fe, while 1.650 to 0.127 mg/l of Zn and 2.000 to 0.115 mg/l of Ni respectively. The percentage differences in concentration for the heavy metals removal in industrial wastewater are as follows: Fe (89.58%), Zn (92.30%) and Ni (94.22%). The result showed high level of Zn and Ni generated from this pharmaceutical industry is above 1 mg/l FEPA and WHO standard but only Fe showed low level concentration compared to 20 mg/l FEPA and WHO standard in this study. This study reveals the need for enforcing adequate effluent treatment methods before their discharge to surface water to reduce their potential environmental hazards.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Tope Babatunde Ibigbami

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Folasegun Anthony Dawodu

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Olayinka John Akinyeye

Engineering Materials Research Department, Nigerian Building and Road Research, Institute, Sango Ota, Nigeria

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APA Style

Tope Babatunde Ibigbami, Folasegun Anthony Dawodu, Olayinka John Akinyeye. (2016). Removal of Heavy Metals from Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluent by Combination of Adsorption and Chemical Precipitation Methods. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(1), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15

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ACS Style

Tope Babatunde Ibigbami; Folasegun Anthony Dawodu; Olayinka John Akinyeye. Removal of Heavy Metals from Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluent by Combination of Adsorption and Chemical Precipitation Methods. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2016, 4(1), 24-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15

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AMA Style

Tope Babatunde Ibigbami, Folasegun Anthony Dawodu, Olayinka John Akinyeye. Removal of Heavy Metals from Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluent by Combination of Adsorption and Chemical Precipitation Methods. Am J Appl Chem. 2016;4(1):24-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15,
  author = {Tope Babatunde Ibigbami and Folasegun Anthony Dawodu and Olayinka John Akinyeye},
  title = {Removal of Heavy Metals from Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluent by Combination of Adsorption and Chemical Precipitation Methods},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {24-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20160401.15},
  abstract = {The removal of heavy metals from our environment especially industrial effluents is now shifting from the use of conventional adsorbents to the use of chemical precipitation. The presence of heavy metals in the environment is a major concern because of their toxicity, bioaccumulating tendency, and threat to human life and the environment. The main objective of this research is to study the effectiveness of the combination of hydrogen peroxide and activated bentonite clay in the removal of heavy metal ions from pharmaceutical industrial effluent. About 13.790 mg/l of Fe, 1.650 mg/l of Zn and 2.000 mg/l of Ni were detected in the digested sample and batch removal of heavy metals such as Fe, Zn and Ni from industrial wastewater effluent under different experimental conditions using hydrogen peroxide as precipitating agent in combination with activated bentonite clay as adsorbent. Appreciable differences in the level of heavy metals concentration were observed based on pH effect. The result shows higher effectiveness relatives to other treatments formulated for the effluent treatment such as Alum precipitation effect, effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration dose, contact time effect and temperature effect. Removal of heavy metals in effluent was optimum at pH 10 for zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) and at pH 8 for iron (Fe), at temperature of 50°C, 0.75% hydrogen peroxide concentration dose and 100 mins holding time, reducing the amounts from 13.790 to 1.436 mg/l of Fe, while 1.650 to 0.127 mg/l of Zn and 2.000 to 0.115 mg/l of Ni respectively. The percentage differences in concentration for the heavy metals removal in industrial wastewater are as follows: Fe (89.58%), Zn (92.30%) and Ni (94.22%). The result showed high level of Zn and Ni generated from this pharmaceutical industry is above 1 mg/l FEPA and WHO standard but only Fe showed low level concentration compared to 20 mg/l FEPA and WHO standard in this study. This study reveals the need for enforcing adequate effluent treatment methods before their discharge to surface water to reduce their potential environmental hazards.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Removal of Heavy Metals from Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluent by Combination of Adsorption and Chemical Precipitation Methods
AU  - Tope Babatunde Ibigbami
AU  - Folasegun Anthony Dawodu
AU  - Olayinka John Akinyeye
Y1  - 2016/03/01
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 24
EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20160401.15
AB  - The removal of heavy metals from our environment especially industrial effluents is now shifting from the use of conventional adsorbents to the use of chemical precipitation. The presence of heavy metals in the environment is a major concern because of their toxicity, bioaccumulating tendency, and threat to human life and the environment. The main objective of this research is to study the effectiveness of the combination of hydrogen peroxide and activated bentonite clay in the removal of heavy metal ions from pharmaceutical industrial effluent. About 13.790 mg/l of Fe, 1.650 mg/l of Zn and 2.000 mg/l of Ni were detected in the digested sample and batch removal of heavy metals such as Fe, Zn and Ni from industrial wastewater effluent under different experimental conditions using hydrogen peroxide as precipitating agent in combination with activated bentonite clay as adsorbent. Appreciable differences in the level of heavy metals concentration were observed based on pH effect. The result shows higher effectiveness relatives to other treatments formulated for the effluent treatment such as Alum precipitation effect, effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration dose, contact time effect and temperature effect. Removal of heavy metals in effluent was optimum at pH 10 for zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) and at pH 8 for iron (Fe), at temperature of 50°C, 0.75% hydrogen peroxide concentration dose and 100 mins holding time, reducing the amounts from 13.790 to 1.436 mg/l of Fe, while 1.650 to 0.127 mg/l of Zn and 2.000 to 0.115 mg/l of Ni respectively. The percentage differences in concentration for the heavy metals removal in industrial wastewater are as follows: Fe (89.58%), Zn (92.30%) and Ni (94.22%). The result showed high level of Zn and Ni generated from this pharmaceutical industry is above 1 mg/l FEPA and WHO standard but only Fe showed low level concentration compared to 20 mg/l FEPA and WHO standard in this study. This study reveals the need for enforcing adequate effluent treatment methods before their discharge to surface water to reduce their potential environmental hazards.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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