Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and  ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of <i>Terminalia brownii</i> Fresen (<i>Combretaceae</i>)

Maiyo Kimutai Bernard; Munyendo Lincoln Were; Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose; Mibey Richard

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12

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Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae)

Maiyo Kimutai Bernard, Munyendo Lincoln Were, Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose, Mibey Richard

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 5 July 2019 Accepted: 30 July 2019 Published: 4 September 2019

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Abstract

Terminalia brownii is known for its medicinal properties has been used to treatment and management of malaria, ulcers, diarrhea, coughs, hepatitis etc. In Elgeyo-Marakwet County, and amongst the Marakwet community of Kenya, the plant has been known for its dyeing properties and has been used historically for the dyeing of traditional handbags locally known as “kiondos”. Literature evaluation indicates little is known concerning the dyeing properties of this plant, hence there was need for such work to be done. This coupled with the fact that there has been an attempted shift to natural dyes from their synthetic counterparts which are considered to be poisonous, allergens and in some cases carcinogenic. In this work, two extraction methods namely soxhlet and maceration were compared for their percentage yields with maceration being chosen as a preferred method. The extracts were then separated and identified via UV-VIS, FT-IR and LC-MS. Preliminarily the UV-Vis was used for identification of chromophores present in the dye extracts at maximum absorption (λ_max) due to electron transitions from HOMO-LUMO whereas the FT-IR was used to identify the specific vibrational chemical bonds characteristic of the individual functional groups present in the dye extracts. LC-MS in tandem with collision induced dissociation (CID) was used to accurately identify and characterize the chromophoric compounds based on their structures, molecular (product ion) and fragmentation pattern which were then compared with LC-MS data, library and the literature. Several compounds with dyeing properties such as Catechin, Epi-Catechin, Baccatin, Gentianose, Geniposide and Genipin were identified. Gentianose, geniposide baccatin and genipin are being reported for the first time as chromophoric compounds in Terminalia brownii.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12
Page(s)	116-122
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chromophores, FT-IR, LC-MS, Terminalia brownii, UV-Vis

References

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[4]	Almeida. D., Bennemann. D., Bianchi, C., Barroso L. de Freitas. (2014) Colorful, Cute, Attractive and Carcinogenic: The Dangers of Dyes. Cancer Research Journal. Vol. 2, No. 6-1, pp. 42-48. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.15.
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[10]	Samanta, A. K., and Konar, A (2011). Dyeing of textile with natural dye. In book: Natural dyes doi: 10. 5772/21341.
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[12]	Venkatalakshmi, P., Vadivel, V., & Brindha, P. (2016). Identification of Flavonoids in Different Parts of Terminalia catappa L. Using LC-ESI-MS/MS and investigation of their anticancer effect in EAC Cell Line Model. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8 (4), 176-183. Retrieved from www.jpsr.pharmainfo.in.
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APA Style

Maiyo Kimutai Bernard, Munyendo Lincoln Were, Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose, Mibey Richard. (2019). Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae). American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 7(4), 116-122. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12

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ACS Style

Maiyo Kimutai Bernard; Munyendo Lincoln Were; Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose; Mibey Richard. Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae). Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2019, 7(4), 116-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12

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AMA Style

Maiyo Kimutai Bernard, Munyendo Lincoln Were, Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose, Mibey Richard. Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae). Am J Appl Chem. 2019;7(4):116-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12,
  author = {Maiyo Kimutai Bernard and Munyendo Lincoln Were and Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose and Mibey Richard},
  title = {Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and  ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae)},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {116-122},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20190704.12},
  abstract = {Terminalia brownii is known for its medicinal properties has been used to treatment and management of malaria, ulcers, diarrhea, coughs, hepatitis etc. In Elgeyo-Marakwet County, and amongst the Marakwet community of Kenya, the plant has been known for its dyeing properties and has been used historically for the dyeing of traditional handbags locally known as “kiondos”. Literature evaluation indicates little is known concerning the dyeing properties of this plant, hence there was need for such work to be done. This coupled with the fact that there has been an attempted shift to natural dyes from their synthetic counterparts which are considered to be poisonous, allergens and in some cases carcinogenic. In this work, two extraction methods namely soxhlet and maceration were compared for their percentage yields with maceration being chosen as a preferred method. The extracts were then separated and identified via UV-VIS, FT-IR and LC-MS. Preliminarily the UV-Vis was used for identification of chromophores present in the dye extracts at maximum absorption (λ max) due to electron transitions from HOMO-LUMO whereas the FT-IR was used to identify the specific vibrational chemical bonds characteristic of the individual functional groups present in the dye extracts. LC-MS in tandem with collision induced dissociation (CID) was used to accurately identify and characterize the chromophoric compounds based on their structures, molecular (product ion) and fragmentation pattern which were then compared with LC-MS data, library and the literature. Several compounds with dyeing properties such as Catechin, Epi-Catechin, Baccatin, Gentianose, Geniposide and Genipin were identified. Gentianose, geniposide baccatin and genipin are being reported for the first time as chromophoric compounds in Terminalia brownii.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and  ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae)
AU  - Maiyo Kimutai Bernard
AU  - Munyendo Lincoln Were
AU  - Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose
AU  - Mibey Richard
Y1  - 2019/09/04
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 116
EP  - 122
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12
AB  - Terminalia brownii is known for its medicinal properties has been used to treatment and management of malaria, ulcers, diarrhea, coughs, hepatitis etc. In Elgeyo-Marakwet County, and amongst the Marakwet community of Kenya, the plant has been known for its dyeing properties and has been used historically for the dyeing of traditional handbags locally known as “kiondos”. Literature evaluation indicates little is known concerning the dyeing properties of this plant, hence there was need for such work to be done. This coupled with the fact that there has been an attempted shift to natural dyes from their synthetic counterparts which are considered to be poisonous, allergens and in some cases carcinogenic. In this work, two extraction methods namely soxhlet and maceration were compared for their percentage yields with maceration being chosen as a preferred method. The extracts were then separated and identified via UV-VIS, FT-IR and LC-MS. Preliminarily the UV-Vis was used for identification of chromophores present in the dye extracts at maximum absorption (λ max) due to electron transitions from HOMO-LUMO whereas the FT-IR was used to identify the specific vibrational chemical bonds characteristic of the individual functional groups present in the dye extracts. LC-MS in tandem with collision induced dissociation (CID) was used to accurately identify and characterize the chromophoric compounds based on their structures, molecular (product ion) and fragmentation pattern which were then compared with LC-MS data, library and the literature. Several compounds with dyeing properties such as Catechin, Epi-Catechin, Baccatin, Gentianose, Geniposide and Genipin were identified. Gentianose, geniposide baccatin and genipin are being reported for the first time as chromophoric compounds in Terminalia brownii.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Maiyo Kimutai Bernard

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
Munyendo Lincoln Were

School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, United States International University - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Africa Center of Excellence in Phytochemicals, Textile and Renewable Energy (ACEII-PTRE), Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
Mibey Richard

School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

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APA Style

Maiyo Kimutai Bernard, Munyendo Lincoln Were, Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose, Mibey Richard. (2019). Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae). American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 7(4), 116-122. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12

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ACS Style

Maiyo Kimutai Bernard; Munyendo Lincoln Were; Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose; Mibey Richard. Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae). Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2019, 7(4), 116-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12

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AMA Style

Maiyo Kimutai Bernard, Munyendo Lincoln Were, Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose, Mibey Richard. Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae). Am J Appl Chem. 2019;7(4):116-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12,
  author = {Maiyo Kimutai Bernard and Munyendo Lincoln Were and Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose and Mibey Richard},
  title = {Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and  ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae)},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {116-122},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20190704.12},
  abstract = {Terminalia brownii is known for its medicinal properties has been used to treatment and management of malaria, ulcers, diarrhea, coughs, hepatitis etc. In Elgeyo-Marakwet County, and amongst the Marakwet community of Kenya, the plant has been known for its dyeing properties and has been used historically for the dyeing of traditional handbags locally known as “kiondos”. Literature evaluation indicates little is known concerning the dyeing properties of this plant, hence there was need for such work to be done. This coupled with the fact that there has been an attempted shift to natural dyes from their synthetic counterparts which are considered to be poisonous, allergens and in some cases carcinogenic. In this work, two extraction methods namely soxhlet and maceration were compared for their percentage yields with maceration being chosen as a preferred method. The extracts were then separated and identified via UV-VIS, FT-IR and LC-MS. Preliminarily the UV-Vis was used for identification of chromophores present in the dye extracts at maximum absorption (λ max) due to electron transitions from HOMO-LUMO whereas the FT-IR was used to identify the specific vibrational chemical bonds characteristic of the individual functional groups present in the dye extracts. LC-MS in tandem with collision induced dissociation (CID) was used to accurately identify and characterize the chromophoric compounds based on their structures, molecular (product ion) and fragmentation pattern which were then compared with LC-MS data, library and the literature. Several compounds with dyeing properties such as Catechin, Epi-Catechin, Baccatin, Gentianose, Geniposide and Genipin were identified. Gentianose, geniposide baccatin and genipin are being reported for the first time as chromophoric compounds in Terminalia brownii.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Extraction and Analysis of Spectral Properties and  ChroMophoric Characterization of Natural Dye Extract from Barks of Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae)
AU  - Maiyo Kimutai Bernard
AU  - Munyendo Lincoln Were
AU  - Kiprop Kipchumba Ambrose
AU  - Mibey Richard
Y1  - 2019/09/04
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 116
EP  - 122
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190704.12
AB  - Terminalia brownii is known for its medicinal properties has been used to treatment and management of malaria, ulcers, diarrhea, coughs, hepatitis etc. In Elgeyo-Marakwet County, and amongst the Marakwet community of Kenya, the plant has been known for its dyeing properties and has been used historically for the dyeing of traditional handbags locally known as “kiondos”. Literature evaluation indicates little is known concerning the dyeing properties of this plant, hence there was need for such work to be done. This coupled with the fact that there has been an attempted shift to natural dyes from their synthetic counterparts which are considered to be poisonous, allergens and in some cases carcinogenic. In this work, two extraction methods namely soxhlet and maceration were compared for their percentage yields with maceration being chosen as a preferred method. The extracts were then separated and identified via UV-VIS, FT-IR and LC-MS. Preliminarily the UV-Vis was used for identification of chromophores present in the dye extracts at maximum absorption (λ max) due to electron transitions from HOMO-LUMO whereas the FT-IR was used to identify the specific vibrational chemical bonds characteristic of the individual functional groups present in the dye extracts. LC-MS in tandem with collision induced dissociation (CID) was used to accurately identify and characterize the chromophoric compounds based on their structures, molecular (product ion) and fragmentation pattern which were then compared with LC-MS data, library and the literature. Several compounds with dyeing properties such as Catechin, Epi-Catechin, Baccatin, Gentianose, Geniposide and Genipin were identified. Gentianose, geniposide baccatin and genipin are being reported for the first time as chromophoric compounds in Terminalia brownii.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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