To investigate the seismic capacity of masonry structures corroded by acid rain in acidic atmospheric environments, experimental studies on the seismic performance of masonry walls and the mechanical properties of masonry materials were first conducted through accelerated acid rain corrosion tests. The material tests indicated that acid corrosion weakened the shear strength and axial compressive strength of masonry and decreased the elastic modulus. The quasi-static tests of walls revealed that acid corrosion weakened the energy dissipation capacity and load-bearing capacity of the masonry wall specimens, reduced the initial stiffness, and advanced the failure time after the peak load. Based on the experimental results, degradation models for the mechanical properties of materials and seismic performance parameters of walls were established，and a restoring force model was developed, which accurately reproduced the experimental hysteresis curves. Furthermore, a component performance-based assessment framework for the seismic capacity of masonry structures was proposed and applied to evaluate typical masonry structures with different service ages, number of stories, and fortification intensities. The results showed that seismic capacity decreases with more stories and lower fortification intensity. Additionally, relative seismic capacity gradually declined with increasing service age, falling below the safety threshold of 0.8 for the collapse state after 48 years, significantly increasing the risk of structural collapse during earthquakes. Finally, a BP neural network model was developed to predict the seismic capacity of corroded masonry structures, and its accuracy was validated.

Masonry Structures, Masonry Walls, Acid Rain Corrosion Test, Quasi-static Test, Seismic Capacity Assessment