The emergence of yellow fever is recognized to be associated with landscape fragmentation due to land use and occupation patterns, resulting in a loss of forest cover and an increase in forest edge density. The objective of this work is to study the relationship between the emergence of yellow fever and landscape fragmentation in the Gazaoua health district during the epidemic that occurred in February 2023. Method: The study method used in this work is ecological. In addition, a field survey was conducted among local populations with a sample size of n=178. The binomial regression model was tested using multivariate analysis. Results: The database identified a total of 394 reported suspected cases, 5 of which were confirmed by the Pasteur Institute of Dakar. The median age of respondents was 45 years [35-48] IQ. The age group [35-59 years] was the most represented. Men represented 79.66% (or 141) of respondents. Only the socio-environmental characteristics (shrub vegetation in and around the concessions for the following respective proportions of plant cover: 0-25%; 25-50% and 50-75%) showed a very significant difference with adjusted RRa ˃1: RRa = 15.59 [11.7-41.95] p = 0.003, for the proportion of cover [0-25%]; RRa = 40.99 [36.3-72.33] p = 0.002, for the coverage proportion [25-50%]; RRa = 35.34 [33.30-65.08], p = 0.000, for the coverage proportion [50-75%] and field modification in 30 years with RRa = 14.27 [12.6-31.46], p = 0.032. Conclusion: This study highlighted the potential risk factors for the emergence of yellow fever in the Gazaoua health district. An entomological study would discriminate the association between the specific composition of vectors in land use classes to improve environmental surveillance.

Yellow Fever, Landscape Fragmentation, Land Use and Land Cover, Gazaoua, Niger