Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common perinatal psychological disorder that poses significant risks to maternal wellbeing, the mother-infant bond, and the child's long-term development. Consequently, its prevention is a major public health priority. While mounting evidence supports the role of postpartum physical activity in alleviating depressive symptoms, the potential of prenatal exercise as an early preventive strategy remains less clear and conclusive. This review systematically synthesizes evidence from observational and interventional studies on the relationship between the intensity, frequency, and type of physical activity during pregnancy and the risk of PPD. We aim to clarify the potential protective role of prenatal exercise for maternal emotional health, explore underlying mechanisms, identify current research gaps, and highlight pregnancy as a critical window for PPD prevention.

Pregnancy, Physical Activity, Postpartum Depression, Review