Cancer continues to be a major global health challenge, with chemotherapy resistance significantly limiting treatment efficacy. Platinum-based agents, commonly used in chemotherapy, often lead to severe side effects and acquired resistance in tumors. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in tumor progression and chemoresistance. Recent advances highlight mitochondrial transplantation as an innovative therapeutic strategy to restore cellular metabolic homeostasis and reverse chemotherapy resistance. This approach involves transferring healthy exogenous mitochondria into diseased cells, enhancing mitochondrial function, promoting apoptosis, and sensitizing tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Preclinical studies in models of lung, breast, gastric, and ovarian cancers demonstrate that mitochondrial transplantation can inhibit tumor growth and improve drug sensitivity, particularly when combined with conventional chemotherapy. However, challenges such as mitochondrial isolation, storage, and delivery efficiency remain to be addressed. Overall, mitochondrial transplantation represents a promising universal strategy to overcome chemoresistance and improve cancer treatment outcomes, warranting further investigation and clinical translation.

Mitochondrial Transplantation, Chemotherapy Resistance, Cancer Treatment