Seismic Performance Evaluation of a 10-story RC Building Using Pushover Analysis & Response Spectrum Analysis

Nafisa Anjum; Md. Sohel Rana; Fahmida Islam; Md. Atiqur Rahman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13

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Seismic Performance Evaluation of a 10-story RC Building Using Pushover Analysis & Response Spectrum Analysis

Nafisa Anjum^*

, Md. Sohel Rana

, Fahmida Islam

, Md. Atiqur Rahman

Published in American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 14, Issue 1)

Received: 8 January 2026 Accepted: 20 January 2026 Published: 31 January 2026

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Abstract

Seismic performance evaluation of high-rise buildings plays a crucial role in maintaining structural safety within earthquake-prone regions. The growing frequency and intensity of seismic activities worldwide require innovative approaches to structural design that focus on resilience, creating sustainable solutions and safety assurance. The conventional force-based methods fail to properly capture nonlinear structural behaviors. On the other hand, energy-based seismic analysis provides a better understanding of how seismic energy get absorbed and distributed within buildings that is to say, the pathways through which earthquake energy flows. This study analyzes the behavior of a 10-story reinforced concrete (RC) building using pushover analysis (POA) and response spectrum analysis (RSA) in ETABS, following the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC 2020). The building is modeled with typical gravity and lateral load-resisting systems, considering BNBC seismic code specifications. The POA provides insights into the nonlinear performance of the structure, identifying hinge locations and performance levels under increasing lateral loads. Meanwhile, RSA assesses building responses to seismic motions through vibration pattern studies. A comparative evaluation of base shear, story displacement and drift ratios is conducted to determine whether the structure meets BNBC safety limits. Results suggest that while response spectrum analysis is effective for preliminary design, pushover analysis offers deeper insight into potential failure mechanisms. This study emphasizes the significance of integrating both static and dynamic approaches for a comprehensive seismic evaluation of high-rise buildings.

Published in	American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 14, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13
Page(s)	20-38
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Static, Dynamic, Seismic Analysis, Pushover Analysis, Response Spectrum Analysis, ETABS

References

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APA Style

Anjum, N., Rana, M. S., Islam, F., Rahman, M. A. (2026). Seismic Performance Evaluation of a 10-story RC Building Using Pushover Analysis & Response Spectrum Analysis. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 14(1), 20-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13

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ACS Style

Anjum, N.; Rana, M. S.; Islam, F.; Rahman, M. A. Seismic Performance Evaluation of a 10-story RC Building Using Pushover Analysis & Response Spectrum Analysis. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2026, 14(1), 20-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13

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AMA Style

Anjum N, Rana MS, Islam F, Rahman MA. Seismic Performance Evaluation of a 10-story RC Building Using Pushover Analysis & Response Spectrum Analysis. Am J Civ Eng. 2026;14(1):20-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13,
  author = {Nafisa Anjum and Md. Sohel Rana and Fahmida Islam and Md. Atiqur Rahman},
  title = {Seismic Performance Evaluation of a 10-story RC Building Using Pushover Analysis & Response Spectrum Analysis},
  journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {20-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20261401.13},
  abstract = {Seismic performance evaluation of high-rise buildings plays a crucial role in maintaining structural safety within earthquake-prone regions. The growing frequency and intensity of seismic activities worldwide require innovative approaches to structural design that focus on resilience, creating sustainable solutions and safety assurance. The conventional force-based methods fail to properly capture nonlinear structural behaviors. On the other hand, energy-based seismic analysis provides a better understanding of how seismic energy get absorbed and distributed within buildings that is to say, the pathways through which earthquake energy flows. This study analyzes the behavior of a 10-story reinforced concrete (RC) building using pushover analysis (POA) and response spectrum analysis (RSA) in ETABS, following the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC 2020). The building is modeled with typical gravity and lateral load-resisting systems, considering BNBC seismic code specifications. The POA provides insights into the nonlinear performance of the structure, identifying hinge locations and performance levels under increasing lateral loads. Meanwhile, RSA assesses building responses to seismic motions through vibration pattern studies. A comparative evaluation of base shear, story displacement and drift ratios is conducted to determine whether the structure meets BNBC safety limits. Results suggest that while response spectrum analysis is effective for preliminary design, pushover analysis offers deeper insight into potential failure mechanisms. This study emphasizes the significance of integrating both static and dynamic approaches for a comprehensive seismic evaluation of high-rise buildings.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Seismic Performance Evaluation of a 10-story RC Building Using Pushover Analysis & Response Spectrum Analysis
AU - Nafisa Anjum
AU - Md. Sohel Rana
AU - Fahmida Islam
AU - Md. Atiqur Rahman
Y1 - 2026/01/31
PY - 2026
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13
DO - 10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13
T2 - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JF - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JO - American Journal of Civil Engineering
SP - 20
EP - 38
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-8737
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13
AB - Seismic performance evaluation of high-rise buildings plays a crucial role in maintaining structural safety within earthquake-prone regions. The growing frequency and intensity of seismic activities worldwide require innovative approaches to structural design that focus on resilience, creating sustainable solutions and safety assurance. The conventional force-based methods fail to properly capture nonlinear structural behaviors. On the other hand, energy-based seismic analysis provides a better understanding of how seismic energy get absorbed and distributed within buildings that is to say, the pathways through which earthquake energy flows. This study analyzes the behavior of a 10-story reinforced concrete (RC) building using pushover analysis (POA) and response spectrum analysis (RSA) in ETABS, following the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC 2020). The building is modeled with typical gravity and lateral load-resisting systems, considering BNBC seismic code specifications. The POA provides insights into the nonlinear performance of the structure, identifying hinge locations and performance levels under increasing lateral loads. Meanwhile, RSA assesses building responses to seismic motions through vibration pattern studies. A comparative evaluation of base shear, story displacement and drift ratios is conducted to determine whether the structure meets BNBC safety limits. Results suggest that while response spectrum analysis is effective for preliminary design, pushover analysis offers deeper insight into potential failure mechanisms. This study emphasizes the significance of integrating both static and dynamic approaches for a comprehensive seismic evaluation of high-rise buildings.
VL - 14
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Nafisa Anjum

Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-4007-8171
Md. Sohel Rana

Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1711-8354
Fahmida Islam

Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

http://orcid.org/0009-0006-2425-7064
Md. Atiqur Rahman

Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-2383-0304

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APA Style

Anjum, N., Rana, M. S., Islam, F., Rahman, M. A. (2026). Seismic Performance Evaluation of a 10-story RC Building Using Pushover Analysis & Response Spectrum Analysis. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 14(1), 20-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13

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ACS Style

Anjum, N.; Rana, M. S.; Islam, F.; Rahman, M. A. Seismic Performance Evaluation of a 10-story RC Building Using Pushover Analysis & Response Spectrum Analysis. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2026, 14(1), 20-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13

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AMA Style

Anjum N, Rana MS, Islam F, Rahman MA. Seismic Performance Evaluation of a 10-story RC Building Using Pushover Analysis & Response Spectrum Analysis. Am J Civ Eng. 2026;14(1):20-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13,
  author = {Nafisa Anjum and Md. Sohel Rana and Fahmida Islam and Md. Atiqur Rahman},
  title = {Seismic Performance Evaluation of a 10-story RC Building Using Pushover Analysis & Response Spectrum Analysis},
  journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {20-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20261401.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20261401.13},
  abstract = {Seismic performance evaluation of high-rise buildings plays a crucial role in maintaining structural safety within earthquake-prone regions. The growing frequency and intensity of seismic activities worldwide require innovative approaches to structural design that focus on resilience, creating sustainable solutions and safety assurance. The conventional force-based methods fail to properly capture nonlinear structural behaviors. On the other hand, energy-based seismic analysis provides a better understanding of how seismic energy get absorbed and distributed within buildings that is to say, the pathways through which earthquake energy flows. This study analyzes the behavior of a 10-story reinforced concrete (RC) building using pushover analysis (POA) and response spectrum analysis (RSA) in ETABS, following the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC 2020). The building is modeled with typical gravity and lateral load-resisting systems, considering BNBC seismic code specifications. The POA provides insights into the nonlinear performance of the structure, identifying hinge locations and performance levels under increasing lateral loads. Meanwhile, RSA assesses building responses to seismic motions through vibration pattern studies. A comparative evaluation of base shear, story displacement and drift ratios is conducted to determine whether the structure meets BNBC safety limits. Results suggest that while response spectrum analysis is effective for preliminary design, pushover analysis offers deeper insight into potential failure mechanisms. This study emphasizes the significance of integrating both static and dynamic approaches for a comprehensive seismic evaluation of high-rise buildings.},
 year = {2026}
}

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