Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices

Hasan Tahat; Mylene Gueneron; Gary Pruitt; Pius Ndegwa; Nichole Embertson

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15

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Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices

Hasan Tahat, Mylene Gueneron, Gary Pruitt, Pius Ndegwa, Nichole Embertson

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 10, Issue 6)

Received: 22 November 2021 Accepted: 15 December 2021 Published: 29 December 2021

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Abstract

The Yakima Regional Clean Air Agency (YRCAA) in collaboration with the Dairy industry and environmental scientists, has developed, over a period of three years, an Air Quality Management Policy for Dairy Operations. The Policy is geared towards a systematic implementation of proven Best Management Practices (BMPs), which are specific for each dairy operation, to reduce air emissions in the Yakima Valley, WA. The BMPs are grouped in tiers with respect to effectiveness, cost, ease of implementation, and compatibility with the State mandated nutrient management plans for dairies. Tier 1 BMPs are generally the least expensive and easiest to implement, while Tier 3 BMPs are the most challenging and expensive to implement. The BMPs focus on air emission reduction of major air pollutants from dairy operations, namely; ammonia, nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds, odor, particulate matter and methane. The dairy operations are broken down into the following components/systems: nutrition, feed management, milking parlor, housing (freestall and drylots), grazing, manure management and land application. The components in each dairy depend on the overall management design and not every dairy has all these components. A total of 41 dairy operations within the YRCAA jurisdiction were included in the policy representing a total of 145,000 head of cattle (lactating cows, dry cows, heifers and calves). To obtain baseline data, the YRCAA staff conducted site visits for each facility in 2014 and assigned a “score” for each dairy component ranging from A to D. The results presented here are not specific to each facility but aggregated. Based on all participating dairies; 21% scored an “A”, 30% scored a “B”, 37% scored a “C”, and 12% scored a “D”. These data will be used as a baseline to compare future BMPs implementations to determine air emission reductions. In general, results show that guided and voluntary implementation of BMPs has the potential to significantly reduce ammonia, volatile organic compounds, and odor emissions in the Valley.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 10, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15
Page(s)	158-165
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Dairy Operation, Air Quality, Air Emissions Reduction, Best Management Practices, Cost and Tiers, Implementation Dairy Systems/Component, Baseline Data

References

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APA Style

Hasan Tahat, Mylene Gueneron, Gary Pruitt, Pius Ndegwa, Nichole Embertson. (2021). Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 10(6), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15

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ACS Style

Hasan Tahat; Mylene Gueneron; Gary Pruitt; Pius Ndegwa; Nichole Embertson. Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2021, 10(6), 158-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15

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AMA Style

Hasan Tahat, Mylene Gueneron, Gary Pruitt, Pius Ndegwa, Nichole Embertson. Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices. Am J Environ Prot. 2021;10(6):158-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15,
  author = {Hasan Tahat and Mylene Gueneron and Gary Pruitt and Pius Ndegwa and Nichole Embertson},
  title = {Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {10},
  number = {6},
  pages = {158-165},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20211006.15},
  abstract = {The Yakima Regional Clean Air Agency (YRCAA) in collaboration with the Dairy industry and environmental scientists, has developed, over a period of three years, an Air Quality Management Policy for Dairy Operations. The Policy is geared towards a systematic implementation of proven Best Management Practices (BMPs), which are specific for each dairy operation, to reduce air emissions in the Yakima Valley, WA. The BMPs are grouped in tiers with respect to effectiveness, cost, ease of implementation, and compatibility with the State mandated nutrient management plans for dairies. Tier 1 BMPs are generally the least expensive and easiest to implement, while Tier 3 BMPs are the most challenging and expensive to implement. The BMPs focus on air emission reduction of major air pollutants from dairy operations, namely; ammonia, nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds, odor, particulate matter and methane. The dairy operations are broken down into the following components/systems: nutrition, feed management, milking parlor, housing (freestall and drylots), grazing, manure management and land application. The components in each dairy depend on the overall management design and not every dairy has all these components. A total of 41 dairy operations within the YRCAA jurisdiction were included in the policy representing a total of 145,000 head of cattle (lactating cows, dry cows, heifers and calves). To obtain baseline data, the YRCAA staff conducted site visits for each facility in 2014 and assigned a “score” for each dairy component ranging from A to D. The results presented here are not specific to each facility but aggregated. Based on all participating dairies; 21% scored an “A”, 30% scored a “B”, 37% scored a “C”, and 12% scored a “D”. These data will be used as a baseline to compare future BMPs implementations to determine air emission reductions. In general, results show that guided and voluntary implementation of BMPs has the potential to significantly reduce ammonia, volatile organic compounds, and odor emissions in the Valley.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices
AU  - Hasan Tahat
AU  - Mylene Gueneron
AU  - Gary Pruitt
AU  - Pius Ndegwa
AU  - Nichole Embertson
Y1  - 2021/12/29
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 158
EP  - 165
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15
AB  - The Yakima Regional Clean Air Agency (YRCAA) in collaboration with the Dairy industry and environmental scientists, has developed, over a period of three years, an Air Quality Management Policy for Dairy Operations. The Policy is geared towards a systematic implementation of proven Best Management Practices (BMPs), which are specific for each dairy operation, to reduce air emissions in the Yakima Valley, WA. The BMPs are grouped in tiers with respect to effectiveness, cost, ease of implementation, and compatibility with the State mandated nutrient management plans for dairies. Tier 1 BMPs are generally the least expensive and easiest to implement, while Tier 3 BMPs are the most challenging and expensive to implement. The BMPs focus on air emission reduction of major air pollutants from dairy operations, namely; ammonia, nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds, odor, particulate matter and methane. The dairy operations are broken down into the following components/systems: nutrition, feed management, milking parlor, housing (freestall and drylots), grazing, manure management and land application. The components in each dairy depend on the overall management design and not every dairy has all these components. A total of 41 dairy operations within the YRCAA jurisdiction were included in the policy representing a total of 145,000 head of cattle (lactating cows, dry cows, heifers and calves). To obtain baseline data, the YRCAA staff conducted site visits for each facility in 2014 and assigned a “score” for each dairy component ranging from A to D. The results presented here are not specific to each facility but aggregated. Based on all participating dairies; 21% scored an “A”, 30% scored a “B”, 37% scored a “C”, and 12% scored a “D”. These data will be used as a baseline to compare future BMPs implementations to determine air emission reductions. In general, results show that guided and voluntary implementation of BMPs has the potential to significantly reduce ammonia, volatile organic compounds, and odor emissions in the Valley.
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Hasan Tahat

Yakima Regional Clean Air Agency (YRCAA), Yakima, USA
Mylene Gueneron

Yakima Regional Clean Air Agency (YRCAA), Yakima, USA
Gary Pruitt

Yakima Regional Clean Air Agency (YRCAA), Yakima, USA
Pius Ndegwa

Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
Nichole Embertson

Whatcom Conservation District, Lynden, USA

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Hasan Tahat, Mylene Gueneron, Gary Pruitt, Pius Ndegwa, Nichole Embertson. (2021). Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 10(6), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15

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ACS Style

Hasan Tahat; Mylene Gueneron; Gary Pruitt; Pius Ndegwa; Nichole Embertson. Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2021, 10(6), 158-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15

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AMA Style

Hasan Tahat, Mylene Gueneron, Gary Pruitt, Pius Ndegwa, Nichole Embertson. Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices. Am J Environ Prot. 2021;10(6):158-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15,
  author = {Hasan Tahat and Mylene Gueneron and Gary Pruitt and Pius Ndegwa and Nichole Embertson},
  title = {Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {10},
  number = {6},
  pages = {158-165},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20211006.15},
  abstract = {The Yakima Regional Clean Air Agency (YRCAA) in collaboration with the Dairy industry and environmental scientists, has developed, over a period of three years, an Air Quality Management Policy for Dairy Operations. The Policy is geared towards a systematic implementation of proven Best Management Practices (BMPs), which are specific for each dairy operation, to reduce air emissions in the Yakima Valley, WA. The BMPs are grouped in tiers with respect to effectiveness, cost, ease of implementation, and compatibility with the State mandated nutrient management plans for dairies. Tier 1 BMPs are generally the least expensive and easiest to implement, while Tier 3 BMPs are the most challenging and expensive to implement. The BMPs focus on air emission reduction of major air pollutants from dairy operations, namely; ammonia, nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds, odor, particulate matter and methane. The dairy operations are broken down into the following components/systems: nutrition, feed management, milking parlor, housing (freestall and drylots), grazing, manure management and land application. The components in each dairy depend on the overall management design and not every dairy has all these components. A total of 41 dairy operations within the YRCAA jurisdiction were included in the policy representing a total of 145,000 head of cattle (lactating cows, dry cows, heifers and calves). To obtain baseline data, the YRCAA staff conducted site visits for each facility in 2014 and assigned a “score” for each dairy component ranging from A to D. The results presented here are not specific to each facility but aggregated. Based on all participating dairies; 21% scored an “A”, 30% scored a “B”, 37% scored a “C”, and 12% scored a “D”. These data will be used as a baseline to compare future BMPs implementations to determine air emission reductions. In general, results show that guided and voluntary implementation of BMPs has the potential to significantly reduce ammonia, volatile organic compounds, and odor emissions in the Valley.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Regional Air Emissions Reduction from Dairy Operations Via Best Management Practices
AU  - Hasan Tahat
AU  - Mylene Gueneron
AU  - Gary Pruitt
AU  - Pius Ndegwa
AU  - Nichole Embertson
Y1  - 2021/12/29
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 158
EP  - 165
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211006.15
AB  - The Yakima Regional Clean Air Agency (YRCAA) in collaboration with the Dairy industry and environmental scientists, has developed, over a period of three years, an Air Quality Management Policy for Dairy Operations. The Policy is geared towards a systematic implementation of proven Best Management Practices (BMPs), which are specific for each dairy operation, to reduce air emissions in the Yakima Valley, WA. The BMPs are grouped in tiers with respect to effectiveness, cost, ease of implementation, and compatibility with the State mandated nutrient management plans for dairies. Tier 1 BMPs are generally the least expensive and easiest to implement, while Tier 3 BMPs are the most challenging and expensive to implement. The BMPs focus on air emission reduction of major air pollutants from dairy operations, namely; ammonia, nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds, odor, particulate matter and methane. The dairy operations are broken down into the following components/systems: nutrition, feed management, milking parlor, housing (freestall and drylots), grazing, manure management and land application. The components in each dairy depend on the overall management design and not every dairy has all these components. A total of 41 dairy operations within the YRCAA jurisdiction were included in the policy representing a total of 145,000 head of cattle (lactating cows, dry cows, heifers and calves). To obtain baseline data, the YRCAA staff conducted site visits for each facility in 2014 and assigned a “score” for each dairy component ranging from A to D. The results presented here are not specific to each facility but aggregated. Based on all participating dairies; 21% scored an “A”, 30% scored a “B”, 37% scored a “C”, and 12% scored a “D”. These data will be used as a baseline to compare future BMPs implementations to determine air emission reductions. In general, results show that guided and voluntary implementation of BMPs has the potential to significantly reduce ammonia, volatile organic compounds, and odor emissions in the Valley.
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
ER  -

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