Antifungal Activity of Five Aqueous Extracts on <i>Rhizopus</i> sp., the Agent Responsible for Soft Rot of Cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta </i>Crantz) Tubers in Côte d'Ivoire

Brice Sidoine Essis; N’Guettia Marie Yah; Kinampinan Adelphe Hala; Elie Yili; Aya Marie Julienne Koffi; Adjo Christiane Koffi; Konan Evrard Brice Dibi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Antifungal Activity of Five Aqueous Extracts on Rhizopus sp., the Agent Responsible for Soft Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Tubers in Côte d'Ivoire

Brice Sidoine Essis^*

, N’Guettia Marie Yah

, Kinampinan Adelphe Hala

, Elie Yili, Aya Marie Julienne Koffi, Adjo Christiane Koffi, Konan Evrard Brice Dibi

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 13, Issue 6)

Received: 24 November 2025 Accepted: 11 December 2025 Published: 31 December 2025

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the second most important food crop in Côte d'Ivoire after yams. However, its production is threatened by the fungus Rhizopus sp., which causes cassava tuber rot. The chemical pesticides used to control these microorganisms pose a threat to the environment, as well as to the health of those who use and consume them. To minimize the damage caused by these substances, a study was conducted to evaluate the biological efficacy of aqueous extracts of Syzygium aromaticum, Allium sativum, Artemisia annua, Zingiber officinale and Tithonia diversifolia against Rhizopus sp. The extracts were tested at concentrations of 30, 60 and 90 g/L for their effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. The direct contact method in PDA medium was employed, and the results revealed that all the aqueous extracts exhibited an antifungal effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. The highest inhibition rates of mycelial growth and spore germination were obtained at 90 g/L. Aqueous extracts of Syzygium aromaticum were the most effective, achieving a 100% inhibition rate, while those of Tithonia diversifolia had the lowest inhibition rates.

Published in	American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 13, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17
Page(s)	229-241
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antifungal Activity, Inhibition, Aqueous Extracts, Cassava, Rhizopus sp

References

[1]	Essis, B. S., Hala, K. A., Coulibaly, K., Dibi, K. B. E. and N’Zue, B. Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Thirteen (13) Promising Cassava Varieties to Diseases (Viruses-Bacteria) and Pests (Mealybugs-Mites) in Central Côte d’Ivoire. American Journal of BioScience. 2024, 12(6), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20241206.12
[2]	Oluwasanya D, Esan O, Hyde PT, Kulakow P and Setter TL. Flower Development in Cassava Is Feminized by Cytokinin, While Proliferation Is Stimulated by Anti-Ethylene and Pruning: Transcriptome Responses. Front. Plant Sci. 2021, 12: 666266, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.666266
[3]	Faostat. Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations. 2024.
[4]	Salvador, EM, Steenkamp, V and McCrindle CME. Production, consumption and nutritional value of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) in Mozambique: an overview', Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development. Biotechnology and Sustainable Development. 2014, 6(3): 29-38. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45686
[5]	Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations. 2022.
[6]	N'zue B., Okoma M. P., Kouakou A. M., Dibi K. E. B., Zohouri G. P., Essis B. S. and Dansi A. A.. Morphological Characterization of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Accessions Collected in the Centre-west, South-west and West of Côte d'Ivoire. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 4(6): 220-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2014.6.050614224
[7]	Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations. 2020.
[8]	Kalyebi A, Macfadyen S, Parry H, Tay WT, De Barro P. and Colvin J. African cassava whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, cassava colonization preferences and control implications. PLoS ONE. 2018, 13(10): e0204862. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204862
[9]	Alicai T., Szyniszewska A. M., Omongo C. A., Abidrabo P., Okao-Okuja G. and Baguma Y. Expansion of the Cassava Brown Streak pandemic in Uganda revealed by annual field Survey data for 2004 to 2017. Sciences Data, 18; 2019, 6(1): 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0334-9
[10]	Yarou B. B., Francisco A. R., De Troij A., Toure F., Azagba J., Traore A., Dagno K. & Aboubakar S. D. Protecting my crops from pests: Technical and Information Document (DT&I). CIRAD/WorldVeg. Legal deposit: No. 15333, 4th quarter, 9 October 2023, National Library of Benin. 33 pages.
[11]	Thiemele D. E. F., Kone D., Kone M. T. & Diarrassouba N. Effect of different substrates on the growth and development of plantain banana (Musa sp.) plants in marginal production areas in northern Côte d'Ivoire (Korhogo). Afrique science. 2023 23(4), 72-85. https://www.afriquescience.net/admin/postpdfs/dbf3309d49688ca3558971a15ea65e99.1718290346.pdf
[12]	Bedidjo R., Mamba G. & Monde G. Identification and morphological characterisation of the fungi responsible for cassava root necrosis disease in the province of Tshopo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Afrique science. 2024, 24(4) 132- 143. ISSN 1813-548X. https://www.afriquescience.net/admin/postpdfs/ef5b4b3bcbdc1ecd0a9258905a6b74ae1715769249.pdf
[13]	Oladoye C. O., Olaoye O. A. & Connerton I. F. Isolation and Identification of bacteria associated with Spoilage of sweet potatoes during postharvest storage. International Journal of Agricultural and Food Science. 2013, 3(1): 10-15.
[14]	Amadioha A. C. Reducing Food losses through Sustainable methods of plant disease management: an imperative for actualization of food security in Nigeria. In 13th inaugural lecture MOUAU, June. 2012.
[15]	Fianko J. R., Donkor A., Lowor S. T., Yeboah P. O., Glover E. T., Adom T. and Faanu A. Health Risk Associated with Pesticide Contamination of Fish from the Densu River Basin in Ghana. Journal of Environmental Protection. 2011, 2(2): 115-123. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2011.22013
[16]	Doga, D., Ouattara, K. E. Orsot, B. A. M. B., Zirihi, G. N., and Zeze, A. In vitro evaluation of the fungicidal activity of aqueous Crotalaria retusa L. (Fabaceae) leaf extract on Fusarium sp. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2023, 16(5): 1860–1867. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i5
[17]	Iftikhar, T., Babar, L. K., Zahoor, S. and Khan, N. G. Best irrigation management practices in cotton. Pak. J. Bot. 2010, 42(5): 3023-3028.
[18]	Uddin, N, Rahman, A., Ahmed, N. U., Rana, S., Akter, R. and Chowdhury, A. M. MA. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of Eclipta alba ethanol extract. International Journal of Biological & Medical Research. 2010, 1(4): 341-346.
[19]	Katooli, N., Maghsodlo, R. and Razavi, E. S. Evaluation of Eucalptus essential oil against some plant pathogenic fungi. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science. 2011, 3(2): 41-43. http://www.academicjournals.org/jpbcs
[20]	N’zi J. C., Kouame C., N’guetta A. S. P., Fondio L., Djidji A. H. and Sangare A. Changes in Bemisia tabaci Genn populations according to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) variety in Central Côte d'Ivoire. Sciences & Nature. 2010, 7(1): 31-40. https://doi.org/10.4314/scinat.v7i1.59918
[21]	Ettien, D. J. B. Intensification of yam production (Dioscorea spp) through mineral fertilization and the identification of new varieties in forest and savannah areas of Côte d'Ivoire. Single doctoral thesis in Earth sciences, specializing in Agro-pedology. University of Cocody, 2004, Abidjan, 187.
[22]	Traore K., Sorho F., Dramane D. D. and Sylla M. Alternative weed hosts for viruses in Solanaceae crops in Côte d'Ivoire. Agronomie Africaine, 2013, 25(3): 231?237. https://doi.org/10.4314/aga.v25i3
[23]	Jones D. L., Rousk J., Edwands-Jone G., Deluca T. H. and Murphy D. V. Biochar-madiated changes in Soil quality and plant growth in a three-year field trial. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2012, 45: 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.10.012
[24]	Brou Y. T., Akindes F. and Bigot S. Climate variability in Côte d'Ivoire: between social perceptions and agricultural responses. Cahiers Agricultures. 2005, 14(6): 533–540(1). https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/cahiers-agricultures/article/view/30548
[25]	Mouria, B., Ouazzani-Touhami, A. and Douira, A. Effect of various strains of Trichoderma on the growth of tomato crops in greenhouses and their ability to colonise roots and substrate. Phytoprotection. 2007, 88(3): 103–110. https://doi.org/10.7202/018955ar
[26]	Ackah J. A., Kra A., Koffi M., Zirihi N. and Guede Guina F. Evaluation and testing of optimisations of the anti-candidal activity of Terminaria catapa Linn (TEKAM3), an extract of Combretaceae from the Ivorian pharmacopoeia. Bulletin of the Royal Society of Sciences of Liège. 2008, 77: 120-136. https://popups.uliege.be/0037-9565/index.php?id=811
[27]	Doumbouya M, Brou K. G., Essis B. S., Diby K. E. B., Oyourou G. M. and Kone D. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of essential oils from Ocimum basilicum, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus camaldulensi. International Journal of Development Research, 2021, 11(11): 51506-51511. https://www.journalijdr.com/sites/default/files/issue-pdf/23238.pdf
[28]	Alem K. & Amrouche D. Study of the antifungal activity of the aqueous extract of Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae) grapefruit seeds against Fusarium tricinctum in wheat using in vitro and in vivo methods. Master's thesis, University M'Hamed Bougera of Boumerdes. 2016, 72.
[29]	Kamara A. Study of the diversity of fungi responsible for post-harvest rot in yams (Dioscorea spp.) in the context of climate change and approaches to biological control methods. Single doctoral thesis at Felix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY University (Côte d'Ivoire), Climate Change, Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture. 2025, 198 p.
[30]	Lorougnon F., Heroin P., Therizol M., Kanga J. M., Djeha D., Toboue P. & Aka B. D. Clinical efficacy of naftifine in the treatment of dermatomycoses. Médecine d’Afrique Noire. 1991, 38: 709-714.
[31]	Riguet S. & Mezroua Z. Use of certain plant extracts (Colocynthis vulgaris and Rosmarinus officinalis) in combating inflorescence rot in date palms in the Biskra region. Master's thesis, University Mohamed Kheider of Biskra. 2019, 70p.
[32]	Boungab K., Tadjeddine A. & Belabid L. Effectiveness of cinnamon essential oil (Cinnamomum cassia) on phytopathogenic fungi. PhytoChem & BioSub Journal. 2014, 8(4): 2170-1768. https://doi.org/10.163.pcbsj/2014.8.4.214
[33]	Kumar O., Lakshmana R. P. V., Pradhan S, Jayaraj R, Bhaskar A. S., Nashikkar A. B. and Vijayaraghavan R. Dose dependent effect of ricin on DNA damage and antioxidant enzymes in mice. Cell and Molecular Biology. 2007, 53(5): 92-102. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38220778
[34]	Bazie, J. B. Access to water: Africa between abundance and scarcity. Apres-Demain, 2014/3, 31-32 https://doi.org/10.3917/apdem.031.0028
[35]	Mezouar D., Lahfa F. B., Abdelouahid D. E., Adida H., Rahmoun N. M. and Boucherit-Otmani Z. Antimicrobial activity of Berberis vulgaris root bark extracts. Phytothérapie. 2014, 12: 380–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-014-0863-5
[36]	N’Guessan K., Kadja B., Zirihi G. N., Traore D. and Ake-Assi L. Phytochemical screening of several Ivorian medicinal plants. Science Naturelle. 2009, 6: 1- 15. https://www.scribd.com/doc/139040353/Screening-Phytochimique
[37]	Dabé, D., Noël, Z. G. and Adolphe, Z. Antifungal properties of medicinal legumes from Côte d'Ivoire: the case of Crotalaria retusa L. (Fabaceae) on the in vitro growth of Phytophthora sp and Fusarium solani, two phytopathogenic fungi. European Scientific Journal. 2017, 13(3): 371-384. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n3p371.
[38]	Bolou G. E. K, Attioua B., N’Guessan A. C., Coulibaly A., N’Guessan J. D. and Djaman A. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Terminalia glaucescens planch. extracts on Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhimurium.’ Bulletin of the Royal Society of Sciences of Liège. 2011, 80: 772 – 790 https://popups.uliege.be/0037-9565/index.php?id=3283
[39]	Koua K. F. Study of the in vitro antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and Syzygium aromaticum against Aspergillus sp., the agent responsible for corn rot (Zea mays L.) during storage. Master's thesis at NANGUI ABROGOUA University, Faculty of Natural Sciences in Plant and Environmental Protection. 2022, 45 p.
[40]	Guyenot M. E., Ramos A. J., Seto L., Purroy P., Sanchis V. S. and Marin. Antifungal activity of volatile compounds generated by essential oils against fungi commonly causing deterioration of bakery Products. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2003. 94: 893–899. https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-2672.2003.01927.X
[41]	Khebbeb L and Bouanaka H. Comparative in vitro study of the effect of synthetic antifungals and essential oils of Allium sativum and Zingiberis rhizoma on two species of medical interest: C. albicans and A. niger. Master's thesis University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1. Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences. 2018. 94p.
[42]	Sharma R. R., Dinesh S. and Rajbir S. Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables by microbial antagonists: A review. Biological control. 2009, 50(3): 205-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.001
[43]	Bhattarai B. and Jha S. K. Antifungal effects of some plant essential oils against Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl and Aspergillus niger van Tiegh from grapes. Biological Forum An International Journal. 2016, 8(2): 259-263. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:212588193
[44]	Ousslah M., Caillet S., Saucier L. and Lacroix M. Antimicrobial effects of Selected plant essential oils on the growth of a pseudomonas putida strain isolated from meat-meat. Science. 2006, 73(2): 244-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.11.019
[45]	Tona L., Kambu K., Ngimbi N., Messia K., Penge O., Lusakibanga M., Cimanga K., De-Bruyre T., Apero S., Totte J., Pietres L., Vlietincia A. J. Anti-amoebic and spasmolytic activities of extracts from some antidiarrhoeal traditional preparations used in Kinshasha, Congo. Phytomedecine. 2000, 7: 31-38. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711300800197
[46]	Fofana B., Soro S., Kassy F., Silue N., Zouzou M., Kone D. Valorisation of plant-based biofungicides for eco-efficient management of brown rot of cocoa pods caused by Phytophthora palmivora. Journal of animal & plant sciences. 2020, 44(2): 7654-7676.
[47]	Camara B., Kone D., Coffi K. C., Abo A. and Ake S. Antifungal activity of essential oils from Ocimum gratissimum L., Monodora myristica (Gaaertn) Dunal and two synthetic products (Impulse and Folicur) on mycelial growth and spore production in vitro of Deightoniella torulosa (Syd.) Ellis. Revue Ivoirienne des Sciences et Technologie. 2007, 9: 187-201.
[48]	Tuo Q. Z., Zhang S. T., Lei P. Mechanisms of neuronal Cell death in ischemic stroke and their therapeutic implications. Medicinal Research Reviews. 2022, 42: 259-305. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21817
[49]	Guo J. J., Kuo C. M., Hong J. W., Chou R. L., Lee Y. H. and Chen T. I. The effects of garlic supplemented Streptococcus iniae and on growth in Cobia, Rachycentron canadum, Aquaculture. 2015, 435: 111?115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.09.029

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Essis, B. S., Yah, N. M., Hala, K. A., Yili, E., Koffi, A. M. J., et al. (2025). Antifungal Activity of Five Aqueous Extracts on Rhizopus sp., the Agent Responsible for Soft Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Tubers in Côte d'Ivoire. American Journal of Life Sciences, 13(6), 229-241. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Essis, B. S.; Yah, N. M.; Hala, K. A.; Yili, E.; Koffi, A. M. J., et al. Antifungal Activity of Five Aqueous Extracts on Rhizopus sp., the Agent Responsible for Soft Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Tubers in Côte d'Ivoire. Am. J. Life Sci. 2025, 13(6), 229-241. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Essis BS, Yah NM, Hala KA, Yili E, Koffi AMJ, et al. Antifungal Activity of Five Aqueous Extracts on Rhizopus sp., the Agent Responsible for Soft Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Tubers in Côte d'Ivoire. Am J Life Sci. 2025;13(6):229-241. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17,
  author = {Brice Sidoine Essis and N’Guettia Marie Yah and Kinampinan Adelphe Hala and Elie Yili and Aya Marie Julienne Koffi and Adjo Christiane Koffi and Konan Evrard Brice Dibi},
  title = {Antifungal Activity of Five Aqueous Extracts on Rhizopus sp., the Agent Responsible for Soft Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Tubers in Côte d'Ivoire},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {229-241},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20251306.17},
  abstract = {Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the second most important food crop in Côte d'Ivoire after yams. However, its production is threatened by the fungus Rhizopus sp., which causes cassava tuber rot. The chemical pesticides used to control these microorganisms pose a threat to the environment, as well as to the health of those who use and consume them. To minimize the damage caused by these substances, a study was conducted to evaluate the biological efficacy of aqueous extracts of Syzygium aromaticum, Allium sativum, Artemisia annua, Zingiber officinale and Tithonia diversifolia against Rhizopus sp. The extracts were tested at concentrations of 30, 60 and 90 g/L for their effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. The direct contact method in PDA medium was employed, and the results revealed that all the aqueous extracts exhibited an antifungal effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. The highest inhibition rates of mycelial growth and spore germination were obtained at 90 g/L. Aqueous extracts of Syzygium aromaticum were the most effective, achieving a 100% inhibition rate, while those of Tithonia diversifolia had the lowest inhibition rates.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antifungal Activity of Five Aqueous Extracts on Rhizopus sp., the Agent Responsible for Soft Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Tubers in Côte d'Ivoire
AU  - Brice Sidoine Essis
AU  - N’Guettia Marie Yah
AU  - Kinampinan Adelphe Hala
AU  - Elie Yili
AU  - Aya Marie Julienne Koffi
AU  - Adjo Christiane Koffi
AU  - Konan Evrard Brice Dibi
Y1  - 2025/12/31
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 229
EP  - 241
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17
AB  - Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the second most important food crop in Côte d'Ivoire after yams. However, its production is threatened by the fungus Rhizopus sp., which causes cassava tuber rot. The chemical pesticides used to control these microorganisms pose a threat to the environment, as well as to the health of those who use and consume them. To minimize the damage caused by these substances, a study was conducted to evaluate the biological efficacy of aqueous extracts of Syzygium aromaticum, Allium sativum, Artemisia annua, Zingiber officinale and Tithonia diversifolia against Rhizopus sp. The extracts were tested at concentrations of 30, 60 and 90 g/L for their effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. The direct contact method in PDA medium was employed, and the results revealed that all the aqueous extracts exhibited an antifungal effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. The highest inhibition rates of mycelial growth and spore germination were obtained at 90 g/L. Aqueous extracts of Syzygium aromaticum were the most effective, achieving a 100% inhibition rate, while those of Tithonia diversifolia had the lowest inhibition rates.
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Brice Sidoine Essis

Root and Tuber Plant Program (RTPP),National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA), Bouake, Côte d’Ivoire

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0009-6069-831X
N’Guettia Marie Yah

Bioresources-Agronomy Department, University Jean Lorougnon Guede, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-2635-6577
Kinampinan Adelphe Hala

Root and Tuber Plant Program (RTPP),National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA), Bouake, Côte d’Ivoire

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0598-0741
Elie Yili

Bioresources-Agronomy Department, University Jean Lorougnon Guede, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire
Aya Marie Julienne Koffi

Plant Biology Department, University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire
Adjo Christiane Koffi

Root and Tuber Plant Program (RTPP),National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA), Bouake, Côte d’Ivoire
Konan Evrard Brice Dibi

Root and Tuber Plant Program (RTPP),National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA), Bouake, Côte d’Ivoire

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9703-3866

Download PDF

Submit an Article

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Essis, B. S., Yah, N. M., Hala, K. A., Yili, E., Koffi, A. M. J., et al. (2025). Antifungal Activity of Five Aqueous Extracts on Rhizopus sp., the Agent Responsible for Soft Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Tubers in Côte d'Ivoire. American Journal of Life Sciences, 13(6), 229-241. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Essis, B. S.; Yah, N. M.; Hala, K. A.; Yili, E.; Koffi, A. M. J., et al. Antifungal Activity of Five Aqueous Extracts on Rhizopus sp., the Agent Responsible for Soft Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Tubers in Côte d'Ivoire. Am. J. Life Sci. 2025, 13(6), 229-241. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Essis BS, Yah NM, Hala KA, Yili E, Koffi AMJ, et al. Antifungal Activity of Five Aqueous Extracts on Rhizopus sp., the Agent Responsible for Soft Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Tubers in Côte d'Ivoire. Am J Life Sci. 2025;13(6):229-241. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17,
  author = {Brice Sidoine Essis and N’Guettia Marie Yah and Kinampinan Adelphe Hala and Elie Yili and Aya Marie Julienne Koffi and Adjo Christiane Koffi and Konan Evrard Brice Dibi},
  title = {Antifungal Activity of Five Aqueous Extracts on Rhizopus sp., the Agent Responsible for Soft Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Tubers in Côte d'Ivoire},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {229-241},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20251306.17},
  abstract = {Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the second most important food crop in Côte d'Ivoire after yams. However, its production is threatened by the fungus Rhizopus sp., which causes cassava tuber rot. The chemical pesticides used to control these microorganisms pose a threat to the environment, as well as to the health of those who use and consume them. To minimize the damage caused by these substances, a study was conducted to evaluate the biological efficacy of aqueous extracts of Syzygium aromaticum, Allium sativum, Artemisia annua, Zingiber officinale and Tithonia diversifolia against Rhizopus sp. The extracts were tested at concentrations of 30, 60 and 90 g/L for their effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. The direct contact method in PDA medium was employed, and the results revealed that all the aqueous extracts exhibited an antifungal effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. The highest inhibition rates of mycelial growth and spore germination were obtained at 90 g/L. Aqueous extracts of Syzygium aromaticum were the most effective, achieving a 100% inhibition rate, while those of Tithonia diversifolia had the lowest inhibition rates.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antifungal Activity of Five Aqueous Extracts on Rhizopus sp., the Agent Responsible for Soft Rot of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Tubers in Côte d'Ivoire
AU  - Brice Sidoine Essis
AU  - N’Guettia Marie Yah
AU  - Kinampinan Adelphe Hala
AU  - Elie Yili
AU  - Aya Marie Julienne Koffi
AU  - Adjo Christiane Koffi
AU  - Konan Evrard Brice Dibi
Y1  - 2025/12/31
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 229
EP  - 241
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20251306.17
AB  - Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the second most important food crop in Côte d'Ivoire after yams. However, its production is threatened by the fungus Rhizopus sp., which causes cassava tuber rot. The chemical pesticides used to control these microorganisms pose a threat to the environment, as well as to the health of those who use and consume them. To minimize the damage caused by these substances, a study was conducted to evaluate the biological efficacy of aqueous extracts of Syzygium aromaticum, Allium sativum, Artemisia annua, Zingiber officinale and Tithonia diversifolia against Rhizopus sp. The extracts were tested at concentrations of 30, 60 and 90 g/L for their effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. The direct contact method in PDA medium was employed, and the results revealed that all the aqueous extracts exhibited an antifungal effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. The highest inhibition rates of mycelial growth and spore germination were obtained at 90 g/L. Aqueous extracts of Syzygium aromaticum were the most effective, achieving a 100% inhibition rate, while those of Tithonia diversifolia had the lowest inhibition rates.
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download