In this study, the initial phase of biofloc system was investigated and the main controllable factors were optimized by RSM. Maize hydrolysate was used as carbon source for the first time and Bacillus subtilis was added to a biofloc system as inoculum. Optimal condition was set at 17 of C/N ratio, 13mg/L of nitrogen concentration and 60 L/min•m3 of aeration in practice. After scaling the optimal condition up to circular tank with volume of 30 m3, the biofloc system was successfully matured in five days. Three groups, namely two BFT groups and one control group (traditional culture) were created. In BFT groups, starch and maize hydrolysate was used as carbon source, respectively. African catfish with initial weight of 0.667±0.03g were stocked in each group and reared for 60 days. Water quality parameters including ammonia, nitrite and BFV were improved in biofloc groups, and ammonia in maize hydrolysate group were significantly lower than starch group. Moreover, remarkable differences (p<0.05) were observed in performance parameters including survival rate, weight gain, feed efficiency and specific growth rate between control, starch and maize hydrolysate groups. This result indicated that maize hydrolysate was more effective carbon source than starch in biofloc system rearing catfish fingerling.
| Published in | Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Volume 10, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.bmb.20251001.12 |
| Page(s) | 9-19 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Biofloc Technology, Clarias gariepinus, Response Surface Methodology, Maize Hydrolysate
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APA Style
Kim, C. G., Go, S. N., Jon, B. U., U, S. N., To, K. I. (2025). Optimization of Ammonia Removal in the Initial Phase of Biofloc System by RSM and Application of Maize Hydrolysate in BFT Based Culture of Clarias gariepinus. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 10(1), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20251001.12
ACS Style
Kim, C. G.; Go, S. N.; Jon, B. U.; U, S. N.; To, K. I. Optimization of Ammonia Removal in the Initial Phase of Biofloc System by RSM and Application of Maize Hydrolysate in BFT Based Culture of Clarias gariepinus. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2025, 10(1), 9-19. doi: 10.11648/j.bmb.20251001.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.bmb.20251001.12,
author = {Chang Guk Kim and Song Nam Go and Byol Ung Jon and Song Nam U and Kwang Il To},
title = {Optimization of Ammonia Removal in the Initial Phase of Biofloc System by RSM and Application of Maize Hydrolysate in BFT Based Culture of Clarias gariepinus
},
journal = {Biochemistry and Molecular Biology},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {9-19},
doi = {10.11648/j.bmb.20251001.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20251001.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bmb.20251001.12},
abstract = {In this study, the initial phase of biofloc system was investigated and the main controllable factors were optimized by RSM. Maize hydrolysate was used as carbon source for the first time and Bacillus subtilis was added to a biofloc system as inoculum. Optimal condition was set at 17 of C/N ratio, 13mg/L of nitrogen concentration and 60 L/min•m3 of aeration in practice. After scaling the optimal condition up to circular tank with volume of 30 m3, the biofloc system was successfully matured in five days. Three groups, namely two BFT groups and one control group (traditional culture) were created. In BFT groups, starch and maize hydrolysate was used as carbon source, respectively. African catfish with initial weight of 0.667±0.03g were stocked in each group and reared for 60 days. Water quality parameters including ammonia, nitrite and BFV were improved in biofloc groups, and ammonia in maize hydrolysate group were significantly lower than starch group. Moreover, remarkable differences (p<0.05) were observed in performance parameters including survival rate, weight gain, feed efficiency and specific growth rate between control, starch and maize hydrolysate groups. This result indicated that maize hydrolysate was more effective carbon source than starch in biofloc system rearing catfish fingerling.
},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of Ammonia Removal in the Initial Phase of Biofloc System by RSM and Application of Maize Hydrolysate in BFT Based Culture of Clarias gariepinus AU - Chang Guk Kim AU - Song Nam Go AU - Byol Ung Jon AU - Song Nam U AU - Kwang Il To Y1 - 2025/05/24 PY - 2025 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20251001.12 DO - 10.11648/j.bmb.20251001.12 T2 - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology JF - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology JO - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology SP - 9 EP - 19 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-5048 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20251001.12 AB - In this study, the initial phase of biofloc system was investigated and the main controllable factors were optimized by RSM. Maize hydrolysate was used as carbon source for the first time and Bacillus subtilis was added to a biofloc system as inoculum. Optimal condition was set at 17 of C/N ratio, 13mg/L of nitrogen concentration and 60 L/min•m3 of aeration in practice. After scaling the optimal condition up to circular tank with volume of 30 m3, the biofloc system was successfully matured in five days. Three groups, namely two BFT groups and one control group (traditional culture) were created. In BFT groups, starch and maize hydrolysate was used as carbon source, respectively. African catfish with initial weight of 0.667±0.03g were stocked in each group and reared for 60 days. Water quality parameters including ammonia, nitrite and BFV were improved in biofloc groups, and ammonia in maize hydrolysate group were significantly lower than starch group. Moreover, remarkable differences (p<0.05) were observed in performance parameters including survival rate, weight gain, feed efficiency and specific growth rate between control, starch and maize hydrolysate groups. This result indicated that maize hydrolysate was more effective carbon source than starch in biofloc system rearing catfish fingerling. VL - 10 IS - 1 ER -
Institute of Chemistry and Biology, University of Science, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic Korea
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