Power Market Interconnection in the Caribbean Region

Francisco Nunez-Ramirez; Lluís Pacheco Valls; Joakim Vilá Bramón

doi:doi:10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12

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Power Market Interconnection in the Caribbean Region

Francisco Nunez-Ramirez^*

, Lluís Pacheco Valls

, Joakim Vilá Bramón

Published in American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems (Volume 14, Issue 5)

Received: 23 September 2025 Accepted: 5 October 2025 Published: 7 November 2025

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Abstract

The interconnectivity of energy markets is a tangible reality that generates economies of scale, reduced reserves, more efficient operation of electrical systems, more optimal use of natural resources in each country or region, as well as the strengthening of relations between the countries participating in this new regional electricity market. Furthermore, the renewable energy potential in the Caribbean and South America, based on solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, and tidal energy, among others, ensures a stable and reliable supply of energy to the region. Nevertheless, the greater the amount of renewable energy available, the greater the need for rotating energy from non-renewable energy sources to ensure the stability, security, and integrity of the electrical system, which increases its operational costs. Motivated by these premises, we develop a research project that allowed us to demonstrate the technical, economic, and financial feasibility of interconnected electricity markets in the countries of the Caribbean region. The Caribbean region, characterized by its diverse cultures and economies, faces unique challenges in energy supply due to its geographical fragmentation. This paper explores the potential for power market interconnection among Caribbean nations to enhance energy security, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability. By evaluating technical, economic, and political aspects, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how interconnected power markets could transform the region’s energy landscape.

Published in	American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems (Volume 14, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12
Page(s)	102-109
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Interconnection, Electricity Markets, Submarine Cables, Power Converters, Market Regulation, Renewable Energy Sources

References

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[6]	Rigoberto Ariel Yépez-Garcia; Todd M. Johnson & Luis Alberto Andrés. “Meeting The Electricity Supply/Demand Balance in Latin America and the Caribbean”. The World Bank’s Energy Unit, Economics Unit, and Office of the Chief Economist. Washington, D.C. September 2010. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8819-8
[7]	Steven Stoft. “Power System Economics: Designing Markets for Electricity". IEEE Press. Piscataway, NJ, USA. ISBN: 0-471-15040-1.
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[9]	Mircea Ardelean & Philip Minnebo. “HVDC Submarine Cables in the World”. European Commission, JRC Technical Report, State-of-the-Art Knowledge, European Union 2015. April 2017. Recovered from: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC106533
[10]	George Chen; Miao Hao; Zhiqiang Xu; Alun Vaughan; Junzheng Cao & Haitian Wang. “Review of high voltage direct current cables”. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems (Volume: 1, Issue: 2, June 2015), Pages 9-21. https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2015.00015
[11]	Oluwafemi E. Oni; Innocent E. Davidson & Kamati N. I. Mbangula. “A review of LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC technologies and applications”. 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering, Florence, Italy, 7-10 June 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEIC.2016.7555677
[12]	GEBCO – General Bathymetry Chart of the Oceans. “Gridded Bathymetry Data”. GEBCO_2025 Grid. Recovered from: https://www.gebco.net
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APA Style

Nunez-Ramirez, F., Valls, L. P., Bramón, J. V. (2025). Power Market Interconnection in the Caribbean Region. American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 14(5), 102-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12

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ACS Style

Nunez-Ramirez, F.; Valls, L. P.; Bramón, J. V. Power Market Interconnection in the Caribbean Region. Am. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2025, 14(5), 102-109. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12

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AMA Style

Nunez-Ramirez F, Valls LP, Bramón JV. Power Market Interconnection in the Caribbean Region. Am J Electr Power Energy Syst. 2025;14(5):102-109. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12

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@article{10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12,
  author = {Francisco Nunez-Ramirez and Lluís Pacheco Valls and Joakim Vilá Bramón},
  title = {Power Market Interconnection in the Caribbean Region
},
  journal = {American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {102-109},
  doi = {10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.epes.20251405.12},
  abstract = {The interconnectivity of energy markets is a tangible reality that generates economies of scale, reduced reserves, more efficient operation of electrical systems, more optimal use of natural resources in each country or region, as well as the strengthening of relations between the countries participating in this new regional electricity market. Furthermore, the renewable energy potential in the Caribbean and South America, based on solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, and tidal energy, among others, ensures a stable and reliable supply of energy to the region. Nevertheless, the greater the amount of renewable energy available, the greater the need for rotating energy from non-renewable energy sources to ensure the stability, security, and integrity of the electrical system, which increases its operational costs. Motivated by these premises, we develop a research project that allowed us to demonstrate the technical, economic, and financial feasibility of interconnected electricity markets in the countries of the Caribbean region. The Caribbean region, characterized by its diverse cultures and economies, faces unique challenges in energy supply due to its geographical fragmentation. This paper explores the potential for power market interconnection among Caribbean nations to enhance energy security, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability. By evaluating technical, economic, and political aspects, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how interconnected power markets could transform the region’s energy landscape.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Power Market Interconnection in the Caribbean Region

AU  - Francisco Nunez-Ramirez
AU  - Lluís Pacheco Valls
AU  - Joakim Vilá Bramón
Y1  - 2025/11/07
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12
T2  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
JF  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
JO  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
SP  - 102
EP  - 109
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9200
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12
AB  - The interconnectivity of energy markets is a tangible reality that generates economies of scale, reduced reserves, more efficient operation of electrical systems, more optimal use of natural resources in each country or region, as well as the strengthening of relations between the countries participating in this new regional electricity market. Furthermore, the renewable energy potential in the Caribbean and South America, based on solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, and tidal energy, among others, ensures a stable and reliable supply of energy to the region. Nevertheless, the greater the amount of renewable energy available, the greater the need for rotating energy from non-renewable energy sources to ensure the stability, security, and integrity of the electrical system, which increases its operational costs. Motivated by these premises, we develop a research project that allowed us to demonstrate the technical, economic, and financial feasibility of interconnected electricity markets in the countries of the Caribbean region. The Caribbean region, characterized by its diverse cultures and economies, faces unique challenges in energy supply due to its geographical fragmentation. This paper explores the potential for power market interconnection among Caribbean nations to enhance energy security, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability. By evaluating technical, economic, and political aspects, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how interconnected power markets could transform the region’s energy landscape.

VL  - 14
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Francisco Nunez-Ramirez

Department of Science, Technology and Innovation, Federico Henríquezy Carvajal University, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-2764
Lluís Pacheco Valls

Institute for Research in Computer Vision and Robotics, University of Girona, Girona, Spain

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2724-8140
Joakim Vilá Bramón

Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, University of Girona, Girona, Spain

Contact Email

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Nunez-Ramirez, F., Valls, L. P., Bramón, J. V. (2025). Power Market Interconnection in the Caribbean Region. American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 14(5), 102-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12

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ACS Style

Nunez-Ramirez, F.; Valls, L. P.; Bramón, J. V. Power Market Interconnection in the Caribbean Region. Am. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2025, 14(5), 102-109. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12

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AMA Style

Nunez-Ramirez F, Valls LP, Bramón JV. Power Market Interconnection in the Caribbean Region. Am J Electr Power Energy Syst. 2025;14(5):102-109. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12,
  author = {Francisco Nunez-Ramirez and Lluís Pacheco Valls and Joakim Vilá Bramón},
  title = {Power Market Interconnection in the Caribbean Region
},
  journal = {American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {102-109},
  doi = {10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.epes.20251405.12},
  abstract = {The interconnectivity of energy markets is a tangible reality that generates economies of scale, reduced reserves, more efficient operation of electrical systems, more optimal use of natural resources in each country or region, as well as the strengthening of relations between the countries participating in this new regional electricity market. Furthermore, the renewable energy potential in the Caribbean and South America, based on solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, and tidal energy, among others, ensures a stable and reliable supply of energy to the region. Nevertheless, the greater the amount of renewable energy available, the greater the need for rotating energy from non-renewable energy sources to ensure the stability, security, and integrity of the electrical system, which increases its operational costs. Motivated by these premises, we develop a research project that allowed us to demonstrate the technical, economic, and financial feasibility of interconnected electricity markets in the countries of the Caribbean region. The Caribbean region, characterized by its diverse cultures and economies, faces unique challenges in energy supply due to its geographical fragmentation. This paper explores the potential for power market interconnection among Caribbean nations to enhance energy security, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability. By evaluating technical, economic, and political aspects, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how interconnected power markets could transform the region’s energy landscape.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Power Market Interconnection in the Caribbean Region

AU  - Francisco Nunez-Ramirez
AU  - Lluís Pacheco Valls
AU  - Joakim Vilá Bramón
Y1  - 2025/11/07
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12
T2  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
JF  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
JO  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
SP  - 102
EP  - 109
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9200
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20251405.12
AB  - The interconnectivity of energy markets is a tangible reality that generates economies of scale, reduced reserves, more efficient operation of electrical systems, more optimal use of natural resources in each country or region, as well as the strengthening of relations between the countries participating in this new regional electricity market. Furthermore, the renewable energy potential in the Caribbean and South America, based on solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, and tidal energy, among others, ensures a stable and reliable supply of energy to the region. Nevertheless, the greater the amount of renewable energy available, the greater the need for rotating energy from non-renewable energy sources to ensure the stability, security, and integrity of the electrical system, which increases its operational costs. Motivated by these premises, we develop a research project that allowed us to demonstrate the technical, economic, and financial feasibility of interconnected electricity markets in the countries of the Caribbean region. The Caribbean region, characterized by its diverse cultures and economies, faces unique challenges in energy supply due to its geographical fragmentation. This paper explores the potential for power market interconnection among Caribbean nations to enhance energy security, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability. By evaluating technical, economic, and political aspects, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how interconnected power markets could transform the region’s energy landscape.

VL  - 14
IS  - 5
ER  -

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