Housing Modification and Occupants' Satisfactions in Ikorodu, Lagos: Home Renters’ Perspective

Olayeni Kofoworola Pius; Adisa Buki; Akinjokun Adesina Adebayo; Adebayo Ayobami Aanuoluwapo; Fateye Tosin Babatola

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12

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Housing Modification and Occupants' Satisfactions in Ikorodu, Lagos: Home Renters’ Perspective

Olayeni Kofoworola Pius^*

, Adisa Buki

, Akinjokun Adesina Adebayo

, Adebayo Ayobami Aanuoluwapo

, Fateye Tosin Babatola

Published in International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 3)

Received: 26 June 2025 Accepted: 9 July 2025 Published: 30 July 2025

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Abstract

This study investigates the experiences of home renters amid ongoing waves of housing modifications in Ikorodu, Lagos, focusing on the drivers of these changes and their implications for residents’ satisfaction. A convenience sampling method was used to select renters living in modified dwellings. Data were analyzed using Weighted Mean Score (WMS), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and a stepwise regression model. Four key findings emerged. First, the most frequently altered interior spaces were bedrooms, living rooms, and kitchens-modifications often associated with converting blocks of flats into more compact, shared arrangements such as roomy apartments. Second, renters reported varying degrees of dissatisfaction with the modifications, primarily due to the prioritization of economic gains over safety, comfort, and convenience. Third, economic pressures and property/neighborhood characteristics were identified as the primary drivers of these changes, while institutional and political factors played a comparatively minor role, revealing a regulatory gap. Lastly, regression analysis confirmed the strong influence of economic and property-related variables on occupant satisfaction, enhancing the explanatory power of the model. The study highlights the need to prioritize renters’ interests as key stakeholders in the housing modification process. Strengthening institutional frameworks and regulatory oversight is essential to ensure that housing adaptations align economic objectives with resident well-being.

Published in	International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12
Page(s)	108-122
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Housing, Modifications, Home Renters, Satisfaction, Influencing Factors

References

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APA Style

Pius, O. K., Buki, A., Adebayo, A. A., Aanuoluwapo, A. A., Babatola, F. T. (2025). Housing Modification and Occupants' Satisfactions in Ikorodu, Lagos: Home Renters’ Perspective. International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications, 11(3), 108-122. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12

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ACS Style

Pius, O. K.; Buki, A.; Adebayo, A. A.; Aanuoluwapo, A. A.; Babatola, F. T. Housing Modification and Occupants' Satisfactions in Ikorodu, Lagos: Home Renters’ Perspective. Int. J. Archit. Arts Appl. 2025, 11(3), 108-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12

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AMA Style

Pius OK, Buki A, Adebayo AA, Aanuoluwapo AA, Babatola FT. Housing Modification and Occupants' Satisfactions in Ikorodu, Lagos: Home Renters’ Perspective. Int J Archit Arts Appl. 2025;11(3):108-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12,
  author = {Olayeni Kofoworola Pius and Adisa Buki and Akinjokun Adesina Adebayo and Adebayo Ayobami Aanuoluwapo and Fateye Tosin Babatola},
  title = {Housing Modification and Occupants' Satisfactions in Ikorodu, Lagos: Home Renters’ Perspective
},
  journal = {International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {108-122},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaaa.20251103.12},
  abstract = {This study investigates the experiences of home renters amid ongoing waves of housing modifications in Ikorodu, Lagos, focusing on the drivers of these changes and their implications for residents’ satisfaction. A convenience sampling method was used to select renters living in modified dwellings. Data were analyzed using Weighted Mean Score (WMS), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and a stepwise regression model. Four key findings emerged. First, the most frequently altered interior spaces were bedrooms, living rooms, and kitchens-modifications often associated with converting blocks of flats into more compact, shared arrangements such as roomy apartments. Second, renters reported varying degrees of dissatisfaction with the modifications, primarily due to the prioritization of economic gains over safety, comfort, and convenience. Third, economic pressures and property/neighborhood characteristics were identified as the primary drivers of these changes, while institutional and political factors played a comparatively minor role, revealing a regulatory gap. Lastly, regression analysis confirmed the strong influence of economic and property-related variables on occupant satisfaction, enhancing the explanatory power of the model. The study highlights the need to prioritize renters’ interests as key stakeholders in the housing modification process. Strengthening institutional frameworks and regulatory oversight is essential to ensure that housing adaptations align economic objectives with resident well-being.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Housing Modification and Occupants' Satisfactions in Ikorodu, Lagos: Home Renters’ Perspective

AU  - Olayeni Kofoworola Pius
AU  - Adisa Buki
AU  - Akinjokun Adesina Adebayo
AU  - Adebayo Ayobami Aanuoluwapo
AU  - Fateye Tosin Babatola
Y1  - 2025/07/30
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12
T2  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
SP  - 108
EP  - 122
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-1131
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12
AB  - This study investigates the experiences of home renters amid ongoing waves of housing modifications in Ikorodu, Lagos, focusing on the drivers of these changes and their implications for residents’ satisfaction. A convenience sampling method was used to select renters living in modified dwellings. Data were analyzed using Weighted Mean Score (WMS), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and a stepwise regression model. Four key findings emerged. First, the most frequently altered interior spaces were bedrooms, living rooms, and kitchens-modifications often associated with converting blocks of flats into more compact, shared arrangements such as roomy apartments. Second, renters reported varying degrees of dissatisfaction with the modifications, primarily due to the prioritization of economic gains over safety, comfort, and convenience. Third, economic pressures and property/neighborhood characteristics were identified as the primary drivers of these changes, while institutional and political factors played a comparatively minor role, revealing a regulatory gap. Lastly, regression analysis confirmed the strong influence of economic and property-related variables on occupant satisfaction, enhancing the explanatory power of the model. The study highlights the need to prioritize renters’ interests as key stakeholders in the housing modification process. Strengthening institutional frameworks and regulatory oversight is essential to ensure that housing adaptations align economic objectives with resident well-being.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Olayeni Kofoworola Pius

Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5013-6083
Adisa Buki

Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8787-0890
Akinjokun Adesina Adebayo

Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3390-894X
Adebayo Ayobami Aanuoluwapo

Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-6021-8346
Fateye Tosin Babatola

Department of Estate Management, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3427-3843

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Pius, O. K., Buki, A., Adebayo, A. A., Aanuoluwapo, A. A., Babatola, F. T. (2025). Housing Modification and Occupants' Satisfactions in Ikorodu, Lagos: Home Renters’ Perspective. International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications, 11(3), 108-122. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12

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ACS Style

Pius, O. K.; Buki, A.; Adebayo, A. A.; Aanuoluwapo, A. A.; Babatola, F. T. Housing Modification and Occupants' Satisfactions in Ikorodu, Lagos: Home Renters’ Perspective. Int. J. Archit. Arts Appl. 2025, 11(3), 108-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12

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AMA Style

Pius OK, Buki A, Adebayo AA, Aanuoluwapo AA, Babatola FT. Housing Modification and Occupants' Satisfactions in Ikorodu, Lagos: Home Renters’ Perspective. Int J Archit Arts Appl. 2025;11(3):108-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12,
  author = {Olayeni Kofoworola Pius and Adisa Buki and Akinjokun Adesina Adebayo and Adebayo Ayobami Aanuoluwapo and Fateye Tosin Babatola},
  title = {Housing Modification and Occupants' Satisfactions in Ikorodu, Lagos: Home Renters’ Perspective
},
  journal = {International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {108-122},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaaa.20251103.12},
  abstract = {This study investigates the experiences of home renters amid ongoing waves of housing modifications in Ikorodu, Lagos, focusing on the drivers of these changes and their implications for residents’ satisfaction. A convenience sampling method was used to select renters living in modified dwellings. Data were analyzed using Weighted Mean Score (WMS), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and a stepwise regression model. Four key findings emerged. First, the most frequently altered interior spaces were bedrooms, living rooms, and kitchens-modifications often associated with converting blocks of flats into more compact, shared arrangements such as roomy apartments. Second, renters reported varying degrees of dissatisfaction with the modifications, primarily due to the prioritization of economic gains over safety, comfort, and convenience. Third, economic pressures and property/neighborhood characteristics were identified as the primary drivers of these changes, while institutional and political factors played a comparatively minor role, revealing a regulatory gap. Lastly, regression analysis confirmed the strong influence of economic and property-related variables on occupant satisfaction, enhancing the explanatory power of the model. The study highlights the need to prioritize renters’ interests as key stakeholders in the housing modification process. Strengthening institutional frameworks and regulatory oversight is essential to ensure that housing adaptations align economic objectives with resident well-being.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Housing Modification and Occupants' Satisfactions in Ikorodu, Lagos: Home Renters’ Perspective

AU  - Olayeni Kofoworola Pius
AU  - Adisa Buki
AU  - Akinjokun Adesina Adebayo
AU  - Adebayo Ayobami Aanuoluwapo
AU  - Fateye Tosin Babatola
Y1  - 2025/07/30
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12
T2  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
SP  - 108
EP  - 122
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-1131
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251103.12
AB  - This study investigates the experiences of home renters amid ongoing waves of housing modifications in Ikorodu, Lagos, focusing on the drivers of these changes and their implications for residents’ satisfaction. A convenience sampling method was used to select renters living in modified dwellings. Data were analyzed using Weighted Mean Score (WMS), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and a stepwise regression model. Four key findings emerged. First, the most frequently altered interior spaces were bedrooms, living rooms, and kitchens-modifications often associated with converting blocks of flats into more compact, shared arrangements such as roomy apartments. Second, renters reported varying degrees of dissatisfaction with the modifications, primarily due to the prioritization of economic gains over safety, comfort, and convenience. Third, economic pressures and property/neighborhood characteristics were identified as the primary drivers of these changes, while institutional and political factors played a comparatively minor role, revealing a regulatory gap. Lastly, regression analysis confirmed the strong influence of economic and property-related variables on occupant satisfaction, enhancing the explanatory power of the model. The study highlights the need to prioritize renters’ interests as key stakeholders in the housing modification process. Strengthening institutional frameworks and regulatory oversight is essential to ensure that housing adaptations align economic objectives with resident well-being.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download