Mapping of Indices of Slum and Informal Housing Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi; Asimiyu Mohammed Junaid; Lekan Mohammed Sanni

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11

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Mapping of Indices of Slum and Informal Housing Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi, Asimiyu Mohammed Junaid, Lekan Mohammed Sanni

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 10, Issue 1)

Received: 13 December 2021 Accepted: 4 January 2022 Published: 4 March 2022

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Abstract

Slums and informal housing developments in Akure are growing at an unprecedented rate. It is on this basis that this work sets out to map out the indices of slum and informal housing development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. High-resolution satellite data, as well as primary and secondary data, were used in the study. Based on collected data, ArcGIS 10.3.1 software was used to prepare a base map showing the existing land use, built up area in 1986, 2002, and 2019, and indices of slums, or informal housing in Akure. The indices were rated on a scale of 1–5 and the results obtained revealed that socio-economic indices [housing shortage, lack of affordable housing, high incidences of urban poverty, high incidences of rural or urban–urban migration and unemployment], institutional indices [poor enforcement of planning laws, unclear regulation and long procedures for building plan approvals, and lack of planning/development plans], political indices [inadequate provision of sites and services, tenure insecurity and eviction, and poor resettlement programme by the government] and environmental indices [high density of development and overcrowding, inadequate neighbourhood facilities and services, and inadequate sanitation] are most significant in the core and peripheral areas of Akure. The study recommends slum upgrading programmes oriented to the betterment of the current conditions of slum households and neighbourhoods and formal housing aimed at securing access to adequate housing for all, in particular the most vulnerable, promoting affordable and safe solutions and inclusive housing finance systems.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 10, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11
Page(s)	1-9
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Indices, Slum, Informal Housing, Development

References

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[2]	Adedayo, A. F [2016]. Variation in the quality of upgraded slums in Lagos, Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies & Management 9: 14–21.
[3]	Agbola. T and Agunbiade. E. M [2007]. Urbanization, slum development and security of tenure: the challenges of meeting millennium development goal 7 in metropolitan lagos, nigeria. Available at http://www.populationenvironmentresearch.org/workshops.jsp#W2007.
[4]	Agbola. T and Jinadu. A. M [1997]. Forced eviction and forced relocation in Nigeria: the experience of those evicted from Maroko in 1990. Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 9, No. 2, October 1997.
[5]	Alexandra Hill [2010]. Modelling informal urban growth under rapid urbanization. A CA- based land-use simulation model for the city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. submitted to TU Dortmund University, Faculty of Spatial Planning for the award of a Dr.-Ing. Degree.
[6]	Ayuba, Muhammad Ribadu [2019]. Slums Proliferation In Nigeria: Exploring The Spatial Manifestations, Formations And Implications. A published post graduate thesis submitted to Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
[7]	Eva-Maria Okonofua B. A [2016]. Everyday Urban Practices Surrounding a Series of Evictions Across Lagos, Nigeria. A master thesis submitted to Wien University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts [MA].
[8]	Felix O. S [2015]. Comparing Spatial Patterns of informal Settlements Between Nairobi And Dar Es Salaam. Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Geo Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation.
[9]	Global Report On Human Settlement [2003]. The challenge of slums United Nations Human Settlements Programme [UN-Habitat] PO Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya.
[10]	Ojewale I. O [2014]. Effect of Informal Settlement on urban land use. A case study of Orita-Obele, Akure, Ondo state. A thesis in the department of estate management submitted to school of post graduate studies, Federal University of Technology, Akure in partial fulfillments of the requirements for the award of post graduate diploma in estate management.
[11]	Olusola O. M [2012]. housing: central city slums, A case study of Ibadan. Journal of Environment and Earth Science 2, 2012.
[12]	Omole KF [2010]. An Assessment of Housing Condition and Socio-Economic Life Styles of Slum Dwellers in Akure, Nigeria. Contemporary Management Research, 6: 272-290.
[13]	Owoeye, J. O and Omole, F. K [2012]. Built Environment Decay and Health Situation of Slum Dwellers in Residential Cores of Akure, Nigeria in America Journal of Human Ecology; 1: 33-39.
[14]	Paul [2013]. Engaging the Challenge of Rapid Urbanization and Slum Upgrading and Enhancing the Role of Land Surveyors. FIG Congress 2014 Engaging the Challenges – Enhancing the Relevance Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 16-21 June 2014.
[15]	Righa E. M [2012]. Factors influencing growth of informal settlements: a case of Bangladesh slum, Changamwe Constituency, Mombasa County, Kenya. A research project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Arts in project planning and management of the Univrsity of Nairobi 2012.
[16]	Samuel. D and Choji. C. M [2015]. Slum Housing Conditions and Eradication Practices in Some Selected Nigerian Cities. Journal of Sustainable Development; 8.
[17]	UN-Habitat, [2003]. Slums of the World: The face of urban poverty in the new millennium?, Working paper, United Nations Human Settlements Programme [UN-HABITAT], Nairobi, Kenya.
[18]	UN-Habitat, [2015]. Slum almanac. Tracking Improvement in the Lives of Slum Dwellers.
[19]	United Nations [2005]. A home in the city, Task force on improving the lives of the slum dwellers, Achieving the, millennium Development Goals, London, [2005], Earthscan, Available at www.earthscan.co.uk.
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APA Style

Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi, Asimiyu Mohammed Junaid, Lekan Mohammed Sanni. (2022). Mapping of Indices of Slum and Informal Housing Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11

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ACS Style

Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi; Asimiyu Mohammed Junaid; Lekan Mohammed Sanni. Mapping of Indices of Slum and Informal Housing Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2022, 10(1), 1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11

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AMA Style

Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi, Asimiyu Mohammed Junaid, Lekan Mohammed Sanni. Mapping of Indices of Slum and Informal Housing Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2022;10(1):1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11,
  author = {Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi and Asimiyu Mohammed Junaid and Lekan Mohammed Sanni},
  title = {Mapping of Indices of Slum and Informal Housing Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-9},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20221001.11},
  abstract = {Slums and informal housing developments in Akure are growing at an unprecedented rate. It is on this basis that this work sets out to map out the indices of slum and informal housing development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. High-resolution satellite data, as well as primary and secondary data, were used in the study. Based on collected data, ArcGIS 10.3.1 software was used to prepare a base map showing the existing land use, built up area in 1986, 2002, and 2019, and indices of slums, or informal housing in Akure. The indices were rated on a scale of 1–5 and the results obtained revealed that socio-economic indices [housing shortage, lack of affordable housing, high incidences of urban poverty, high incidences of rural or urban–urban migration and unemployment], institutional indices [poor enforcement of planning laws, unclear regulation and long procedures for building plan approvals, and lack of planning/development plans], political indices [inadequate provision of sites and services, tenure insecurity and eviction, and poor resettlement programme by the government] and environmental indices [high density of development and overcrowding, inadequate neighbourhood facilities and services, and inadequate sanitation] are most significant in the core and peripheral areas of Akure. The study recommends slum upgrading programmes oriented to the betterment of the current conditions of slum households and neighbourhoods and formal housing aimed at securing access to adequate housing for all, in particular the most vulnerable, promoting affordable and safe solutions and inclusive housing finance systems.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Mapping of Indices of Slum and Informal Housing Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
AU  - Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi
AU  - Asimiyu Mohammed Junaid
AU  - Lekan Mohammed Sanni
Y1  - 2022/03/04
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11
AB  - Slums and informal housing developments in Akure are growing at an unprecedented rate. It is on this basis that this work sets out to map out the indices of slum and informal housing development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. High-resolution satellite data, as well as primary and secondary data, were used in the study. Based on collected data, ArcGIS 10.3.1 software was used to prepare a base map showing the existing land use, built up area in 1986, 2002, and 2019, and indices of slums, or informal housing in Akure. The indices were rated on a scale of 1–5 and the results obtained revealed that socio-economic indices [housing shortage, lack of affordable housing, high incidences of urban poverty, high incidences of rural or urban–urban migration and unemployment], institutional indices [poor enforcement of planning laws, unclear regulation and long procedures for building plan approvals, and lack of planning/development plans], political indices [inadequate provision of sites and services, tenure insecurity and eviction, and poor resettlement programme by the government] and environmental indices [high density of development and overcrowding, inadequate neighbourhood facilities and services, and inadequate sanitation] are most significant in the core and peripheral areas of Akure. The study recommends slum upgrading programmes oriented to the betterment of the current conditions of slum households and neighbourhoods and formal housing aimed at securing access to adequate housing for all, in particular the most vulnerable, promoting affordable and safe solutions and inclusive housing finance systems.
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi

Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
Asimiyu Mohammed Junaid

Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
Lekan Mohammed Sanni

Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

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APA Style

Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi, Asimiyu Mohammed Junaid, Lekan Mohammed Sanni. (2022). Mapping of Indices of Slum and Informal Housing Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11

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ACS Style

Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi; Asimiyu Mohammed Junaid; Lekan Mohammed Sanni. Mapping of Indices of Slum and Informal Housing Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2022, 10(1), 1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11

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AMA Style

Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi, Asimiyu Mohammed Junaid, Lekan Mohammed Sanni. Mapping of Indices of Slum and Informal Housing Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2022;10(1):1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11,
  author = {Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi and Asimiyu Mohammed Junaid and Lekan Mohammed Sanni},
  title = {Mapping of Indices of Slum and Informal Housing Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-9},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20221001.11},
  abstract = {Slums and informal housing developments in Akure are growing at an unprecedented rate. It is on this basis that this work sets out to map out the indices of slum and informal housing development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. High-resolution satellite data, as well as primary and secondary data, were used in the study. Based on collected data, ArcGIS 10.3.1 software was used to prepare a base map showing the existing land use, built up area in 1986, 2002, and 2019, and indices of slums, or informal housing in Akure. The indices were rated on a scale of 1–5 and the results obtained revealed that socio-economic indices [housing shortage, lack of affordable housing, high incidences of urban poverty, high incidences of rural or urban–urban migration and unemployment], institutional indices [poor enforcement of planning laws, unclear regulation and long procedures for building plan approvals, and lack of planning/development plans], political indices [inadequate provision of sites and services, tenure insecurity and eviction, and poor resettlement programme by the government] and environmental indices [high density of development and overcrowding, inadequate neighbourhood facilities and services, and inadequate sanitation] are most significant in the core and peripheral areas of Akure. The study recommends slum upgrading programmes oriented to the betterment of the current conditions of slum households and neighbourhoods and formal housing aimed at securing access to adequate housing for all, in particular the most vulnerable, promoting affordable and safe solutions and inclusive housing finance systems.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Mapping of Indices of Slum and Informal Housing Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
AU  - Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi
AU  - Asimiyu Mohammed Junaid
AU  - Lekan Mohammed Sanni
Y1  - 2022/03/04
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20221001.11
AB  - Slums and informal housing developments in Akure are growing at an unprecedented rate. It is on this basis that this work sets out to map out the indices of slum and informal housing development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. High-resolution satellite data, as well as primary and secondary data, were used in the study. Based on collected data, ArcGIS 10.3.1 software was used to prepare a base map showing the existing land use, built up area in 1986, 2002, and 2019, and indices of slums, or informal housing in Akure. The indices were rated on a scale of 1–5 and the results obtained revealed that socio-economic indices [housing shortage, lack of affordable housing, high incidences of urban poverty, high incidences of rural or urban–urban migration and unemployment], institutional indices [poor enforcement of planning laws, unclear regulation and long procedures for building plan approvals, and lack of planning/development plans], political indices [inadequate provision of sites and services, tenure insecurity and eviction, and poor resettlement programme by the government] and environmental indices [high density of development and overcrowding, inadequate neighbourhood facilities and services, and inadequate sanitation] are most significant in the core and peripheral areas of Akure. The study recommends slum upgrading programmes oriented to the betterment of the current conditions of slum households and neighbourhoods and formal housing aimed at securing access to adequate housing for all, in particular the most vulnerable, promoting affordable and safe solutions and inclusive housing finance systems.
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
ER  -

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