Analysis of Mass Concentration and Carbon Composition of PM2.5 During the Long Dry Season in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Cities, Benin

Julien Djossou; Sekou Keita; Kalil Pierre Mathos

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15

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Analysis of Mass Concentration and Carbon Composition of PM2.5 During the Long Dry Season in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Cities, Benin

Julien Djossou^*

, Sekou Keita

, Kalil Pierre Mathos

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 13, Issue 5)

Received: 9 September 2025 Accepted: 4 October 2025 Published: 28 October 2025

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Abstract

Carbonaceous components are important components of fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM_2.5) and can affect the local environment, climate, and human health. The PM2.5, Organic (OC) and elemental (EC) Carbon concentrations were measured at Arconville (AT) and Mahoule (MT) traffic during the dry season in southern Benin cities of Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou. The data are collected with passive samplers and archived as daily averages from December 2016 to March 2017. To gain a better understanding of possible local and regional aerosol sources, the concentration of PM2.5, OC and EC, as well as the OC/EC ratio were evaluated overall. For the studied period, average concentrations of PM2.5 particles were 64 ±16 µ.gm^-3 and 79 ±18 µ.gm^-3 at AT and MT, respectively. Those of OC and EC were 31 ± 13 μg·m^-3 and 9 ± 06 μg·m^-3 for AT and 38 ± 16 μg·m^-3 and 13 ± 08 μg·m^-3 for MT, respectively. Also, total carbon accounted for 62.5% of PM2.5 at AT and 64.56% at MT. The OC/EC ratios obtained in AT and MT were 3.44 and 2.92, respectively. These OC/EC ratios obtained in two cities are greater than 2, which confirmed the presence of secondary organic aerosols during this period on these two traffic sites.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 13, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15
Page(s)	286-289
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

PM2.5, Carbonaceous, Aerosol, Elemental Carbon and Organic Carbon

References

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APA Style

Djossou, J., Keita, S., Mathos, K. P. (2025). Analysis of Mass Concentration and Carbon Composition of PM2.5 During the Long Dry Season in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Cities, Benin. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 13(5), 286-289. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15

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ACS Style

Djossou, J.; Keita, S.; Mathos, K. P. Analysis of Mass Concentration and Carbon Composition of PM2.5 During the Long Dry Season in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Cities, Benin. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2025, 13(5), 286-289. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15

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AMA Style

Djossou J, Keita S, Mathos KP. Analysis of Mass Concentration and Carbon Composition of PM2.5 During the Long Dry Season in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Cities, Benin. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2025;13(5):286-289. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15,
  author = {Julien Djossou and Sekou Keita and Kalil Pierre Mathos},
  title = {Analysis of Mass Concentration and Carbon Composition of PM2.5 During the Long Dry Season in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Cities, Benin
},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {13},
  number = {5},
  pages = {286-289},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20251305.15},
  abstract = {Carbonaceous components are important components of fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) and can affect the local environment, climate, and human health. The PM2.5, Organic (OC) and elemental (EC) Carbon concentrations were measured at Arconville (AT) and Mahoule (MT) traffic during the dry season in southern Benin cities of Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou. The data are collected with passive samplers and archived as daily averages from December 2016 to March 2017. To gain a better understanding of possible local and regional aerosol sources, the concentration of PM2.5, OC and EC, as well as the OC/EC ratio were evaluated overall. For the studied period, average concentrations of PM2.5 particles were 64 ±16 µ.gm-3 and 79 ±18 µ.gm-3 at AT and MT, respectively. Those of OC and EC were 31 ± 13 μg·m-3 and 9 ± 06 μg·m-3 for AT and 38 ± 16 μg·m-3 and 13 ± 08 μg·m-3 for MT, respectively. Also, total carbon accounted for 62.5% of PM2.5 at AT and 64.56% at MT. The OC/EC ratios obtained in AT and MT were 3.44 and 2.92, respectively. These OC/EC ratios obtained in two cities are greater than 2, which confirmed the presence of secondary organic aerosols during this period on these two traffic sites.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of Mass Concentration and Carbon Composition of PM2.5 During the Long Dry Season in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Cities, Benin

AU  - Julien Djossou
AU  - Sekou Keita
AU  - Kalil Pierre Mathos
Y1  - 2025/10/28
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 286
EP  - 289
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15
AB  - Carbonaceous components are important components of fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) and can affect the local environment, climate, and human health. The PM2.5, Organic (OC) and elemental (EC) Carbon concentrations were measured at Arconville (AT) and Mahoule (MT) traffic during the dry season in southern Benin cities of Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou. The data are collected with passive samplers and archived as daily averages from December 2016 to March 2017. To gain a better understanding of possible local and regional aerosol sources, the concentration of PM2.5, OC and EC, as well as the OC/EC ratio were evaluated overall. For the studied period, average concentrations of PM2.5 particles were 64 ±16 µ.gm-3 and 79 ±18 µ.gm-3 at AT and MT, respectively. Those of OC and EC were 31 ± 13 μg·m-3 and 9 ± 06 μg·m-3 for AT and 38 ± 16 μg·m-3 and 13 ± 08 μg·m-3 for MT, respectively. Also, total carbon accounted for 62.5% of PM2.5 at AT and 64.56% at MT. The OC/EC ratios obtained in AT and MT were 3.44 and 2.92, respectively. These OC/EC ratios obtained in two cities are greater than 2, which confirmed the presence of secondary organic aerosols during this period on these two traffic sites.

VL  - 13
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Julien Djossou

Department of Physics, University of NZerekore, Nzerekore, Guinea

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-1967
Sekou Keita

Department of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University, Korhogo, Ivory Coast

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7181-8382
Kalil Pierre Mathos

Department of Physics, University of NZerekore, Nzerekore, Guinea

http://orcid.org/0009-0003-9191-6873

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APA Style

Djossou, J., Keita, S., Mathos, K. P. (2025). Analysis of Mass Concentration and Carbon Composition of PM2.5 During the Long Dry Season in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Cities, Benin. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 13(5), 286-289. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15

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ACS Style

Djossou, J.; Keita, S.; Mathos, K. P. Analysis of Mass Concentration and Carbon Composition of PM2.5 During the Long Dry Season in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Cities, Benin. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2025, 13(5), 286-289. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15

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AMA Style

Djossou J, Keita S, Mathos KP. Analysis of Mass Concentration and Carbon Composition of PM2.5 During the Long Dry Season in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Cities, Benin. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2025;13(5):286-289. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15,
  author = {Julien Djossou and Sekou Keita and Kalil Pierre Mathos},
  title = {Analysis of Mass Concentration and Carbon Composition of PM2.5 During the Long Dry Season in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Cities, Benin
},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {13},
  number = {5},
  pages = {286-289},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20251305.15},
  abstract = {Carbonaceous components are important components of fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) and can affect the local environment, climate, and human health. The PM2.5, Organic (OC) and elemental (EC) Carbon concentrations were measured at Arconville (AT) and Mahoule (MT) traffic during the dry season in southern Benin cities of Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou. The data are collected with passive samplers and archived as daily averages from December 2016 to March 2017. To gain a better understanding of possible local and regional aerosol sources, the concentration of PM2.5, OC and EC, as well as the OC/EC ratio were evaluated overall. For the studied period, average concentrations of PM2.5 particles were 64 ±16 µ.gm-3 and 79 ±18 µ.gm-3 at AT and MT, respectively. Those of OC and EC were 31 ± 13 μg·m-3 and 9 ± 06 μg·m-3 for AT and 38 ± 16 μg·m-3 and 13 ± 08 μg·m-3 for MT, respectively. Also, total carbon accounted for 62.5% of PM2.5 at AT and 64.56% at MT. The OC/EC ratios obtained in AT and MT were 3.44 and 2.92, respectively. These OC/EC ratios obtained in two cities are greater than 2, which confirmed the presence of secondary organic aerosols during this period on these two traffic sites.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of Mass Concentration and Carbon Composition of PM2.5 During the Long Dry Season in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Cities, Benin

AU  - Julien Djossou
AU  - Sekou Keita
AU  - Kalil Pierre Mathos
Y1  - 2025/10/28
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 286
EP  - 289
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251305.15
AB  - Carbonaceous components are important components of fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) and can affect the local environment, climate, and human health. The PM2.5, Organic (OC) and elemental (EC) Carbon concentrations were measured at Arconville (AT) and Mahoule (MT) traffic during the dry season in southern Benin cities of Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou. The data are collected with passive samplers and archived as daily averages from December 2016 to March 2017. To gain a better understanding of possible local and regional aerosol sources, the concentration of PM2.5, OC and EC, as well as the OC/EC ratio were evaluated overall. For the studied period, average concentrations of PM2.5 particles were 64 ±16 µ.gm-3 and 79 ±18 µ.gm-3 at AT and MT, respectively. Those of OC and EC were 31 ± 13 μg·m-3 and 9 ± 06 μg·m-3 for AT and 38 ± 16 μg·m-3 and 13 ± 08 μg·m-3 for MT, respectively. Also, total carbon accounted for 62.5% of PM2.5 at AT and 64.56% at MT. The OC/EC ratios obtained in AT and MT were 3.44 and 2.92, respectively. These OC/EC ratios obtained in two cities are greater than 2, which confirmed the presence of secondary organic aerosols during this period on these two traffic sites.

VL  - 13
IS  - 5
ER  -

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