Performance Evaluation of a Centrifuge Type Grain Cleaning Machine and Its Effect on Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sorghum and Millet Grains

Nketia Stephen; Ampah Jonathan; Anyebuno George; Appiah Francis; Amoa-Awua Wisdom; Kyei Baffour Vincent; Tettey Emmanuel Ablo; Bempong Ofori

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16

Performance Evaluation of a Centrifuge Type Grain Cleaning Machine and Its Effect on Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sorghum and Millet Grains

Nketia Stephen, Ampah Jonathan, Anyebuno George, Appiah Francis, Amoa-Awua Wisdom, Kyei Baffour Vincent, Tettey Emmanuel Ablo, Bempong Ofori

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 3)

Received: 25 April 2022 Accepted: 17 May 2022 Published: 26 May 2022

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Abstract

Cleaning is an important unit operation in food processing. However, cleaning of some cereal grains including millet and sorghum prior to processing is tedious due to their small sizes. In this study, the cleaning efficiency of a locally fabricated centrifuge-type grain cleaning machine was tested and compared to the traditional method of cleaning. The centrifuge cleaning machine consists of an outer main frame which is stainless steel, cylindrical drum with a hundred percent opening discharge pipe on the lower side, an inner 250 µm perforated stainless steel cylindrical sieve, a motor-powered transmission stirrer unit with two bats placed adjacent at ninety degrees to each other. Color measurement of grain samples was done with a Lovibond Tintometer Colorimeter. The microbial load – enterobacteria, coliform, Escherichia coli, aerobic mesophiles, yeast and Staphylococcus aureus was analyzed using the AOAC (2012) methods. HPLC was used to quantify the aflatoxin levels - aflatoxins B1, aflatoxins B2, aflatoxins G1 and aflatoxins G2. The time and cost which initially took 8 h using two laborers at a fee of GHC100.00, was reduced to 3 h with just one laborer costing GHC50.00. Skinning damage to millet and sorghum caused by locally fabricated machine was determined to be 2.1% and 4.6% respectively. The results of the study showed that the cleaning machine could be adopted for small scale washing of millet and sorghum grains for foods such as fura.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16
Page(s)	82-87
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Grain Cleaning Machine, Sorghum, Millet, Aflatoxins, Microbial Population

References

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APA Style

Nketia Stephen, Ampah Jonathan, Anyebuno George, Appiah Francis, Amoa-Awua Wisdom, et al. (2022). Performance Evaluation of a Centrifuge Type Grain Cleaning Machine and Its Effect on Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sorghum and Millet Grains. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 11(3), 82-87. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16

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ACS Style

Nketia Stephen; Ampah Jonathan; Anyebuno George; Appiah Francis; Amoa-Awua Wisdom, et al. Performance Evaluation of a Centrifuge Type Grain Cleaning Machine and Its Effect on Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sorghum and Millet Grains. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2022, 11(3), 82-87. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16

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AMA Style

Nketia Stephen, Ampah Jonathan, Anyebuno George, Appiah Francis, Amoa-Awua Wisdom, et al. Performance Evaluation of a Centrifuge Type Grain Cleaning Machine and Its Effect on Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sorghum and Millet Grains. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2022;11(3):82-87. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16,
  author = {Nketia Stephen and Ampah Jonathan and Anyebuno George and Appiah Francis and Amoa-Awua Wisdom and Kyei Baffour Vincent and Tettey Emmanuel Ablo and Bempong Ofori},
  title = {Performance Evaluation of a Centrifuge Type Grain Cleaning Machine and Its Effect on Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sorghum and Millet Grains},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {82-87},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20221103.16},
  abstract = {Cleaning is an important unit operation in food processing. However, cleaning of some cereal grains including millet and sorghum prior to processing is tedious due to their small sizes. In this study, the cleaning efficiency of a locally fabricated centrifuge-type grain cleaning machine was tested and compared to the traditional method of cleaning. The centrifuge cleaning machine consists of an outer main frame which is stainless steel, cylindrical drum with a hundred percent opening discharge pipe on the lower side, an inner 250 µm perforated stainless steel cylindrical sieve, a motor-powered transmission stirrer unit with two bats placed adjacent at ninety degrees to each other. Color measurement of grain samples was done with a Lovibond Tintometer Colorimeter. The microbial load – enterobacteria, coliform, Escherichia coli, aerobic mesophiles, yeast and Staphylococcus aureus was analyzed using the AOAC (2012) methods. HPLC was used to quantify the aflatoxin levels - aflatoxins B1, aflatoxins B2, aflatoxins G1 and aflatoxins G2. The time and cost which initially took 8 h using two laborers at a fee of GHC100.00, was reduced to 3 h with just one laborer costing GHC50.00. Skinning damage to millet and sorghum caused by locally fabricated machine was determined to be 2.1% and 4.6% respectively. The results of the study showed that the cleaning machine could be adopted for small scale washing of millet and sorghum grains for foods such as fura.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Performance Evaluation of a Centrifuge Type Grain Cleaning Machine and Its Effect on Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sorghum and Millet Grains
AU  - Nketia Stephen
AU  - Ampah Jonathan
AU  - Anyebuno George
AU  - Appiah Francis
AU  - Amoa-Awua Wisdom
AU  - Kyei Baffour Vincent
AU  - Tettey Emmanuel Ablo
AU  - Bempong Ofori
Y1  - 2022/05/26
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 82
EP  - 87
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16
AB  - Cleaning is an important unit operation in food processing. However, cleaning of some cereal grains including millet and sorghum prior to processing is tedious due to their small sizes. In this study, the cleaning efficiency of a locally fabricated centrifuge-type grain cleaning machine was tested and compared to the traditional method of cleaning. The centrifuge cleaning machine consists of an outer main frame which is stainless steel, cylindrical drum with a hundred percent opening discharge pipe on the lower side, an inner 250 µm perforated stainless steel cylindrical sieve, a motor-powered transmission stirrer unit with two bats placed adjacent at ninety degrees to each other. Color measurement of grain samples was done with a Lovibond Tintometer Colorimeter. The microbial load – enterobacteria, coliform, Escherichia coli, aerobic mesophiles, yeast and Staphylococcus aureus was analyzed using the AOAC (2012) methods. HPLC was used to quantify the aflatoxin levels - aflatoxins B1, aflatoxins B2, aflatoxins G1 and aflatoxins G2. The time and cost which initially took 8 h using two laborers at a fee of GHC100.00, was reduced to 3 h with just one laborer costing GHC50.00. Skinning damage to millet and sorghum caused by locally fabricated machine was determined to be 2.1% and 4.6% respectively. The results of the study showed that the cleaning machine could be adopted for small scale washing of millet and sorghum grains for foods such as fura.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Nketia Stephen

CSIR Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
Ampah Jonathan

CSIR Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
Anyebuno George

CSIR Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
Appiah Francis

Department of Horticulture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Amoa-Awua Wisdom

CSIR Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
Kyei Baffour Vincent

CSIR Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
Tettey Emmanuel Ablo

CSIR Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
Bempong Ofori

CSIR Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Nketia Stephen, Ampah Jonathan, Anyebuno George, Appiah Francis, Amoa-Awua Wisdom, et al. (2022). Performance Evaluation of a Centrifuge Type Grain Cleaning Machine and Its Effect on Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sorghum and Millet Grains. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 11(3), 82-87. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16

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ACS Style

Nketia Stephen; Ampah Jonathan; Anyebuno George; Appiah Francis; Amoa-Awua Wisdom, et al. Performance Evaluation of a Centrifuge Type Grain Cleaning Machine and Its Effect on Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sorghum and Millet Grains. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2022, 11(3), 82-87. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16

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AMA Style

Nketia Stephen, Ampah Jonathan, Anyebuno George, Appiah Francis, Amoa-Awua Wisdom, et al. Performance Evaluation of a Centrifuge Type Grain Cleaning Machine and Its Effect on Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sorghum and Millet Grains. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2022;11(3):82-87. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16,
  author = {Nketia Stephen and Ampah Jonathan and Anyebuno George and Appiah Francis and Amoa-Awua Wisdom and Kyei Baffour Vincent and Tettey Emmanuel Ablo and Bempong Ofori},
  title = {Performance Evaluation of a Centrifuge Type Grain Cleaning Machine and Its Effect on Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sorghum and Millet Grains},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {82-87},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20221103.16},
  abstract = {Cleaning is an important unit operation in food processing. However, cleaning of some cereal grains including millet and sorghum prior to processing is tedious due to their small sizes. In this study, the cleaning efficiency of a locally fabricated centrifuge-type grain cleaning machine was tested and compared to the traditional method of cleaning. The centrifuge cleaning machine consists of an outer main frame which is stainless steel, cylindrical drum with a hundred percent opening discharge pipe on the lower side, an inner 250 µm perforated stainless steel cylindrical sieve, a motor-powered transmission stirrer unit with two bats placed adjacent at ninety degrees to each other. Color measurement of grain samples was done with a Lovibond Tintometer Colorimeter. The microbial load – enterobacteria, coliform, Escherichia coli, aerobic mesophiles, yeast and Staphylococcus aureus was analyzed using the AOAC (2012) methods. HPLC was used to quantify the aflatoxin levels - aflatoxins B1, aflatoxins B2, aflatoxins G1 and aflatoxins G2. The time and cost which initially took 8 h using two laborers at a fee of GHC100.00, was reduced to 3 h with just one laborer costing GHC50.00. Skinning damage to millet and sorghum caused by locally fabricated machine was determined to be 2.1% and 4.6% respectively. The results of the study showed that the cleaning machine could be adopted for small scale washing of millet and sorghum grains for foods such as fura.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Performance Evaluation of a Centrifuge Type Grain Cleaning Machine and Its Effect on Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sorghum and Millet Grains
AU  - Nketia Stephen
AU  - Ampah Jonathan
AU  - Anyebuno George
AU  - Appiah Francis
AU  - Amoa-Awua Wisdom
AU  - Kyei Baffour Vincent
AU  - Tettey Emmanuel Ablo
AU  - Bempong Ofori
Y1  - 2022/05/26
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 82
EP  - 87
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16
AB  - Cleaning is an important unit operation in food processing. However, cleaning of some cereal grains including millet and sorghum prior to processing is tedious due to their small sizes. In this study, the cleaning efficiency of a locally fabricated centrifuge-type grain cleaning machine was tested and compared to the traditional method of cleaning. The centrifuge cleaning machine consists of an outer main frame which is stainless steel, cylindrical drum with a hundred percent opening discharge pipe on the lower side, an inner 250 µm perforated stainless steel cylindrical sieve, a motor-powered transmission stirrer unit with two bats placed adjacent at ninety degrees to each other. Color measurement of grain samples was done with a Lovibond Tintometer Colorimeter. The microbial load – enterobacteria, coliform, Escherichia coli, aerobic mesophiles, yeast and Staphylococcus aureus was analyzed using the AOAC (2012) methods. HPLC was used to quantify the aflatoxin levels - aflatoxins B1, aflatoxins B2, aflatoxins G1 and aflatoxins G2. The time and cost which initially took 8 h using two laborers at a fee of GHC100.00, was reduced to 3 h with just one laborer costing GHC50.00. Skinning damage to millet and sorghum caused by locally fabricated machine was determined to be 2.1% and 4.6% respectively. The results of the study showed that the cleaning machine could be adopted for small scale washing of millet and sorghum grains for foods such as fura.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download