Some Results of Modeling the "Wet Compression" Process in GTD and GTU Axial Compressors with Respect to Its Multifactorial Nature

Ma Jiarui; Bakirov Fyodor Gayfullovich; Goryunov Ivan Mikhailovich

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16

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Some Results of Modeling the "Wet Compression" Process in GTD and GTU Axial Compressors with Respect to Its Multifactorial Nature

Ma Jiarui

, Bakirov Fyodor Gayfullovich^*

, Goryunov Ivan Mikhailovich

Published in Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 14, Issue 1)

Received: 24 January 2026 Accepted: 7 February 2026 Published: 25 February 2026

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Abstract

The article presents and analyzes the results of the development and application of the methodology for structural analysis and the CompressorWI-2S program for modeling the process of "wet compression" of air in gas turbines and axial compressors, taking into account the multifactorial characteristics of this process. This includes the selection of the location of the liquid flow path in the compressor. liquid separation on the inner walls of its housing, the presence of an internal or external bypasses (recovery) of the two-phase compressible pressure fluid section, the possibility of injecting "super-heated" liquid, incomplete wetting of the surfaces of the blades of the impellers blades (IB) and stage guide vanes (SGV) of individual stages, control of the compressor operating modes at low speeds using SGV rotary blades of some stages. The simulation results of the CompressorWI-2S were based on the 14-stage axial compressor of the AL-21F-3 gas turbine engine, for which experimental and bench test data were published in the scientific literature. We were able to determine the most significant and minor factors based on the results of the calculation, which varied a few compressor parameters and the conditions of the water injection into the flow path. The characteristics of the axial compressor under wet compression have been determined by combining it with other heat and gas dynamic calculation programs for gas turbine engines. In terms of performance and flow characteristics at the compressor outlet, the simulation results are in line with the bench test and experimental data for this axial compressor. As a result of, the research, it was established that the determining role in the process of moisture evaporation in the flow section of an axial compressor is played by thermodynamic factors, such as changing pressure and temperature of the working fluid (two-phase mixture or steam-air mixture), corresponding changes in the heat of vaporization in the flow section of the compressor, as well as the liquid injection flow rate.

Published in	Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 14, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16
Page(s)	54-65
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Gas Turbine Engine (GTD), Gas Turbine Unit (GTU), Axial Compressor, Water Injection, Wet compression, Modeling, Calculation program, Calculation Results

References

[1]	Ma Jiarui., Bakirov Fedor Gayfullovich. Effectiveness Analysis of Water Injection into the GTD Compressor Duct in Its Various Stages. Journal of Electrical Systems. Vol. 20 № 5s (2024). - Page 1281 - 1285. ISSN 1112-5209. Jes is indexed by Scopus and ISI Thomson Reuters. https://doi.org/10.52783/jes.2455
[2]	Certificate of state registration of computer program No. 2024668838 "Program for calculating a compressor with water injection, taking into account separation and bypass between stages Compressor WI-2S". F. G. Bakirov, Ma Jiarui, R. F. Bakirov, O. F. Akhtyamova. Date of registration: 12.08.2024. Moscow: ROSPATENT, 2024.Sereda S. O., Gel'medov F. S., Muntyanov I. G. Experimental study of the effect of water injection into the inlet channel of a multistage axial compressor on its characteristics. Thermal Engineering. 2004. Т. 51. № 5. С. 409-414.
[3]	Berkovich, A. L. Water injection into a gas turbine compressor: monograph. A. L. Berkovich, V. G. Polischuk, V. A. Rassokhin: - St. Petersburg: Polytechnic University. 2010. - 154 p.
[4]	Kistoichev, A. V. Design of blading apparatus for axial compressors of gas turbines: a tutorial. A. V. Kistoichev. - Ekaterinburg: Ural. University, 2014. - 120 p.
[5]	Pismenny, V. L. Russian Patent No. RU 2535186C1 Method for regulating an axial compressor in a gas turbine engine system. V. L. Pismenny. Published: 10.12.2014.
[6]	Sereda, S. O. Increasing the efficiency of stationary gas turbines based on aircraft gas generators by injecting water into the flow path of the axial compressor: Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Eng.): 05.07.05. Sereda Svetlana Oganovna. - M., 2006. - 42 p.
[7]	Sereda S. O., Belyaev V. E., Gelmedov F. Sh., Muntyanov I. G., Muntyanov G. L. Results of tests of the compressor of the MES-60 unit with water injection into the flow part. Gas turbine technologies. - 2005. - No. 4 (39). - P. 16-20.
[8]	Skvortsov A. V. Increasing the parameters of gas turbine units by injecting water into the flow path and optimizing the working process in the compressor: dissertation Cand. of Technical Sciences: 05.04.12. Skvortsov Aleksandr Vsevolodovich. - St. Petersburg, 2010. - 173 p.
[9]	Anurov Yu. M., Peganov A. Yu., Skvortsov A. V., Berkovich A. L., Polishchuk V. G Calculation study of water injection on compressor characteristics of a gt-009 gas-turbine installation. Thermal Engineering. 2006. Т. 53. № 12. С. 964-969.
[10]	Goryunov I. M. Thermogasdynamic calculations in the DVIGwT software package: a tutorial. I. M. Goryunov. - Ufa: Ufa State Aviation Technical University, 2022. - 162 p.
[11]	Certificate of state registration of computer program No. 2004610623. I. M. Goryunov, “System of mathematical modeling of thermal, energy and combined units (DVIGwT)” dated 04.03.2004. Moscow: ROSPATENT, 2004.
[12]	Ma Jiarui., Bakirov Fedor Gayfullovich. Methodology for Determining the Completeness of Liquid Evaporation when Injected into the Path of Gas Turbine Engine and Gas Turbine Compressors. Proceedings of the International Conference «Scientific research of the SCO countries: synergy and integration». Part 1 - Reports in English. March 13, 2024. Beijing, China, PRC. Page 190 - 194. Scientific publishing house Infinity. 2024 https://doi.org/10.34660/INF.2024.91.42.361
[13]	Ma Jiarui. CompressorWI-2S program for calculating “wet compression” in an axial compressor of a gas turbine engine with water injection into its tract, taking into account water separation, bypass or selection of the working fluid. Ma Jiarui, F. G. Bakirov. Bulletin of Ufa State Aviation Technical University. - 2024. - Vol. 28. - No. 3 (105). - P. 100 - 115. https://doi.org/10.54708/19926502_2024_283105100
[14]	Ma Jiarui. On the influence of liquid injection into the flow path of axial compressors of gas turbine engines on the process of "wet compression". Ma Jiarui, F. G. Bakirov, I. M. Goryunov. Bulletin of Ufa State Aviation Technical University. - 2025. - Vol. 29. - No. 3 (109). - P. 96 - 109. https://doi.org/10.54708/19926502_2025_29310996

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APA Style

Jiarui, M., Gayfullovich, B. F., Mikhailovich, G. I. (2026). Some Results of Modeling the "Wet Compression" Process in GTD and GTU Axial Compressors with Respect to Its Multifactorial Nature. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 14(1), 54-65. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16

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ACS Style

Jiarui, M.; Gayfullovich, B. F.; Mikhailovich, G. I. Some Results of Modeling the "Wet Compression" Process in GTD and GTU Axial Compressors with Respect to Its Multifactorial Nature. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2026, 14(1), 54-65. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16

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AMA Style

Jiarui M, Gayfullovich BF, Mikhailovich GI. Some Results of Modeling the "Wet Compression" Process in GTD and GTU Axial Compressors with Respect to Its Multifactorial Nature. J Electr Electron Eng. 2026;14(1):54-65. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16

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@article{10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16,
  author = {Ma Jiarui and Bakirov Fyodor Gayfullovich and Goryunov Ivan Mikhailovich},
  title = {Some Results of Modeling the "Wet Compression" Process in GTD and GTU Axial Compressors with Respect to Its Multifactorial Nature},
  journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {54-65},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20261401.16},
  abstract = {The article presents and analyzes the results of the development and application of the methodology for structural analysis and the CompressorWI-2S program for modeling the process of "wet compression" of air in gas turbines and axial compressors, taking into account the multifactorial characteristics of this process. This includes the selection of the location of the liquid flow path in the compressor. liquid separation on the inner walls of its housing, the presence of an internal or external bypasses (recovery) of the two-phase compressible pressure fluid section, the possibility of injecting "super-heated" liquid, incomplete wetting of the surfaces of the blades of the impellers blades (IB) and stage guide vanes (SGV) of individual stages, control of the compressor operating modes at low speeds using SGV rotary blades of some stages. The simulation results of the CompressorWI-2S were based on the 14-stage axial compressor of the AL-21F-3 gas turbine engine, for which experimental and bench test data were published in the scientific literature. We were able to determine the most significant and minor factors based on the results of the calculation, which varied a few compressor parameters and the conditions of the water injection into the flow path. The characteristics of the axial compressor under wet compression have been determined by combining it with other heat and gas dynamic calculation programs for gas turbine engines. In terms of performance and flow characteristics at the compressor outlet, the simulation results are in line with the bench test and experimental data for this axial compressor. As a result of, the research, it was established that the determining role in the process of moisture evaporation in the flow section of an axial compressor is played by thermodynamic factors, such as changing pressure and temperature of the working fluid (two-phase mixture or steam-air mixture), corresponding changes in the heat of vaporization in the flow section of the compressor, as well as the liquid injection flow rate.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Some Results of Modeling the "Wet Compression" Process in GTD and GTU Axial Compressors with Respect to Its Multifactorial Nature
AU  - Ma Jiarui
AU  - Bakirov Fyodor Gayfullovich
AU  - Goryunov Ivan Mikhailovich
Y1  - 2026/02/25
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16
T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
SP  - 54
EP  - 65
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1605
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16
AB  - The article presents and analyzes the results of the development and application of the methodology for structural analysis and the CompressorWI-2S program for modeling the process of "wet compression" of air in gas turbines and axial compressors, taking into account the multifactorial characteristics of this process. This includes the selection of the location of the liquid flow path in the compressor. liquid separation on the inner walls of its housing, the presence of an internal or external bypasses (recovery) of the two-phase compressible pressure fluid section, the possibility of injecting "super-heated" liquid, incomplete wetting of the surfaces of the blades of the impellers blades (IB) and stage guide vanes (SGV) of individual stages, control of the compressor operating modes at low speeds using SGV rotary blades of some stages. The simulation results of the CompressorWI-2S were based on the 14-stage axial compressor of the AL-21F-3 gas turbine engine, for which experimental and bench test data were published in the scientific literature. We were able to determine the most significant and minor factors based on the results of the calculation, which varied a few compressor parameters and the conditions of the water injection into the flow path. The characteristics of the axial compressor under wet compression have been determined by combining it with other heat and gas dynamic calculation programs for gas turbine engines. In terms of performance and flow characteristics at the compressor outlet, the simulation results are in line with the bench test and experimental data for this axial compressor. As a result of, the research, it was established that the determining role in the process of moisture evaporation in the flow section of an axial compressor is played by thermodynamic factors, such as changing pressure and temperature of the working fluid (two-phase mixture or steam-air mixture), corresponding changes in the heat of vaporization in the flow section of the compressor, as well as the liquid injection flow rate.
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Ma Jiarui

Department of Aviation Thermal Engineering and Thermal Power Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UUST), Ufa, Russia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-6221-052X
Bakirov Fyodor Gayfullovich

Department of Aviation Thermal Engineering and Thermal Power Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UUST), Ufa, Russia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-7461-1704
Goryunov Ivan Mikhailovich

Department of Aircraft Engines, University of Science and Technology (UUST), Ufa, Russia

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5987-7358

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APA Style

Jiarui, M., Gayfullovich, B. F., Mikhailovich, G. I. (2026). Some Results of Modeling the "Wet Compression" Process in GTD and GTU Axial Compressors with Respect to Its Multifactorial Nature. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 14(1), 54-65. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16

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ACS Style

Jiarui, M.; Gayfullovich, B. F.; Mikhailovich, G. I. Some Results of Modeling the "Wet Compression" Process in GTD and GTU Axial Compressors with Respect to Its Multifactorial Nature. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2026, 14(1), 54-65. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16

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AMA Style

Jiarui M, Gayfullovich BF, Mikhailovich GI. Some Results of Modeling the "Wet Compression" Process in GTD and GTU Axial Compressors with Respect to Its Multifactorial Nature. J Electr Electron Eng. 2026;14(1):54-65. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16,
  author = {Ma Jiarui and Bakirov Fyodor Gayfullovich and Goryunov Ivan Mikhailovich},
  title = {Some Results of Modeling the "Wet Compression" Process in GTD and GTU Axial Compressors with Respect to Its Multifactorial Nature},
  journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {54-65},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20261401.16},
  abstract = {The article presents and analyzes the results of the development and application of the methodology for structural analysis and the CompressorWI-2S program for modeling the process of "wet compression" of air in gas turbines and axial compressors, taking into account the multifactorial characteristics of this process. This includes the selection of the location of the liquid flow path in the compressor. liquid separation on the inner walls of its housing, the presence of an internal or external bypasses (recovery) of the two-phase compressible pressure fluid section, the possibility of injecting "super-heated" liquid, incomplete wetting of the surfaces of the blades of the impellers blades (IB) and stage guide vanes (SGV) of individual stages, control of the compressor operating modes at low speeds using SGV rotary blades of some stages. The simulation results of the CompressorWI-2S were based on the 14-stage axial compressor of the AL-21F-3 gas turbine engine, for which experimental and bench test data were published in the scientific literature. We were able to determine the most significant and minor factors based on the results of the calculation, which varied a few compressor parameters and the conditions of the water injection into the flow path. The characteristics of the axial compressor under wet compression have been determined by combining it with other heat and gas dynamic calculation programs for gas turbine engines. In terms of performance and flow characteristics at the compressor outlet, the simulation results are in line with the bench test and experimental data for this axial compressor. As a result of, the research, it was established that the determining role in the process of moisture evaporation in the flow section of an axial compressor is played by thermodynamic factors, such as changing pressure and temperature of the working fluid (two-phase mixture or steam-air mixture), corresponding changes in the heat of vaporization in the flow section of the compressor, as well as the liquid injection flow rate.},
 year = {2026}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Some Results of Modeling the "Wet Compression" Process in GTD and GTU Axial Compressors with Respect to Its Multifactorial Nature
AU  - Ma Jiarui
AU  - Bakirov Fyodor Gayfullovich
AU  - Goryunov Ivan Mikhailovich
Y1  - 2026/02/25
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16
T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
SP  - 54
EP  - 65
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1605
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20261401.16
AB  - The article presents and analyzes the results of the development and application of the methodology for structural analysis and the CompressorWI-2S program for modeling the process of "wet compression" of air in gas turbines and axial compressors, taking into account the multifactorial characteristics of this process. This includes the selection of the location of the liquid flow path in the compressor. liquid separation on the inner walls of its housing, the presence of an internal or external bypasses (recovery) of the two-phase compressible pressure fluid section, the possibility of injecting "super-heated" liquid, incomplete wetting of the surfaces of the blades of the impellers blades (IB) and stage guide vanes (SGV) of individual stages, control of the compressor operating modes at low speeds using SGV rotary blades of some stages. The simulation results of the CompressorWI-2S were based on the 14-stage axial compressor of the AL-21F-3 gas turbine engine, for which experimental and bench test data were published in the scientific literature. We were able to determine the most significant and minor factors based on the results of the calculation, which varied a few compressor parameters and the conditions of the water injection into the flow path. The characteristics of the axial compressor under wet compression have been determined by combining it with other heat and gas dynamic calculation programs for gas turbine engines. In terms of performance and flow characteristics at the compressor outlet, the simulation results are in line with the bench test and experimental data for this axial compressor. As a result of, the research, it was established that the determining role in the process of moisture evaporation in the flow section of an axial compressor is played by thermodynamic factors, such as changing pressure and temperature of the working fluid (two-phase mixture or steam-air mixture), corresponding changes in the heat of vaporization in the flow section of the compressor, as well as the liquid injection flow rate.
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
ER  -

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