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UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change

Received: 15 August 2016     Accepted: 27 August 2016     Published: 13 September 2016
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Abstract

Cutting energy use in housing will play a key role in the UK’s efforts to reduce climate change emissions in line with international commitments. Much UK Government policy is based on modelling present and future emissions using assumptions from SAP, the Standard Assessment Procedure. This paper compares SAP-based modelling against measured gas consumption in 405 dwellings that were monitored in the Energy Follow-Up Survey, an extension of the English Housing Survey. The combined EFUS/EHS provides comprehensive information about space heating energy use for a sample of dwellings: detailed physical data, user behaviour, and measured energy use. Very poor model versus measurement agreement is observed at the individual dwelling level – the average difference is 45%. Much better agreement is observed when applying typical EFUS regimes of 20°C mean demand temperature, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months, and comparing average results. Comparisons for the 405 dwellings and an EFUS subset of 1,191 dwellings are both in agreement to within 2%, whilst average 2010 and 2011 sub-national estimates are in agreement to 3% of DUKES figures. The authors recommend changing SAP heating regimes to a mean demand temperature of 20°C, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months.

Published in Science Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11
Page(s) 12-22
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Household Energy, Energy Model, Cambridge Housing Model, SAP, Green Deal, Energy Follow-up Survey

References
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[2] Department of Energy & Climate Change. 2013a. Energy Consumption in the UK (ECUK) Chapter 3: Domestic energy consumption in the UK between 1970 and 2012. London: DECC.
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[5] Department of Energy & Climate Change (DECC). 2010. SAP 2009: The Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure for Energy Rating of Dwellings. 2009 edition, revised October 2010. Watford: Building Research Establishment.
[6] Anderson, B. R., Chapman, P. F., Cutland, N. G., Dickson, C. M., Doran, S. M., Henderson, G., Henderson, J. H., Iles, P. J., Kosima, L., Shorrock, L. D. 2002. BREDEM-8 Model Description (2001 Update). Building Research Establishment (BRE), Garston, UK.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Martin Hughes, Peter Pope, Jason Palmer, Peter Armitage. (2016). UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change. Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 4(2), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11

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    ACS Style

    Martin Hughes; Peter Pope; Jason Palmer; Peter Armitage. UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change. Sci. J. Energy Eng. 2016, 4(2), 12-22. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11

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    AMA Style

    Martin Hughes, Peter Pope, Jason Palmer, Peter Armitage. UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change. Sci J Energy Eng. 2016;4(2):12-22. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11,
      author = {Martin Hughes and Peter Pope and Jason Palmer and Peter Armitage},
      title = {UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change},
      journal = {Science Journal of Energy Engineering},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2},
      pages = {12-22},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjee.20160402.11},
      abstract = {Cutting energy use in housing will play a key role in the UK’s efforts to reduce climate change emissions in line with international commitments. Much UK Government policy is based on modelling present and future emissions using assumptions from SAP, the Standard Assessment Procedure. This paper compares SAP-based modelling against measured gas consumption in 405 dwellings that were monitored in the Energy Follow-Up Survey, an extension of the English Housing Survey. The combined EFUS/EHS provides comprehensive information about space heating energy use for a sample of dwellings: detailed physical data, user behaviour, and measured energy use. Very poor model versus measurement agreement is observed at the individual dwelling level – the average difference is 45%. Much better agreement is observed when applying typical EFUS regimes of 20°C mean demand temperature, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months, and comparing average results. Comparisons for the 405 dwellings and an EFUS subset of 1,191 dwellings are both in agreement to within 2%, whilst average 2010 and 2011 sub-national estimates are in agreement to 3% of DUKES figures. The authors recommend changing SAP heating regimes to a mean demand temperature of 20°C, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - UK Housing Stock Models Using SAP: The Case for Heating Regime Change
    AU  - Martin Hughes
    AU  - Peter Pope
    AU  - Jason Palmer
    AU  - Peter Armitage
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    PY  - 2016
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11
    T2  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
    JF  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
    JO  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
    SP  - 12
    EP  - 22
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-8126
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20160402.11
    AB  - Cutting energy use in housing will play a key role in the UK’s efforts to reduce climate change emissions in line with international commitments. Much UK Government policy is based on modelling present and future emissions using assumptions from SAP, the Standard Assessment Procedure. This paper compares SAP-based modelling against measured gas consumption in 405 dwellings that were monitored in the Energy Follow-Up Survey, an extension of the English Housing Survey. The combined EFUS/EHS provides comprehensive information about space heating energy use for a sample of dwellings: detailed physical data, user behaviour, and measured energy use. Very poor model versus measurement agreement is observed at the individual dwelling level – the average difference is 45%. Much better agreement is observed when applying typical EFUS regimes of 20°C mean demand temperature, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months, and comparing average results. Comparisons for the 405 dwellings and an EFUS subset of 1,191 dwellings are both in agreement to within 2%, whilst average 2010 and 2011 sub-national estimates are in agreement to 3% of DUKES figures. The authors recommend changing SAP heating regimes to a mean demand temperature of 20°C, 10 hours of heating a day for weekdays and weekends, and a heating season of six months.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Cambridge Architectural Research, Cambridge, UK

  • Cambridge Architectural Research, Cambridge, UK

  • Cambridge Architectural Research & Cambridge Energy, Cambridge, UK

  • SBP Ltd, London, UK

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