Optimization of Selected Pyrolysis Parameters in Pyroligneous Acid Production Rate and Quality from Acacia Twigs

Baqe Sharu Doti; Samwel Nyakach; Jane Nyaanga; Oscar Ingasia; Daudi Nyaanga

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13

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Optimization of Selected Pyrolysis Parameters in Pyroligneous Acid Production Rate and Quality from Acacia Twigs

Baqe Sharu Doti, Samwel Nyakach, Jane Nyaanga, Oscar Ingasia, Daudi Nyaanga

Published in Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 4)

Received: 25 September 2021 Accepted: 12 October 2021 Published: 21 October 2021

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Abstract

Biomass material is a renewable source of energy which are readily available and being produced in large quantities as most of it goes to waste. These materials can be recovered through pyrolysis process in order to produce usable products like biochar and pyroligneous acid. These products can be used as bio-fertilizer and bio-pesticides. The aim of this research was to optimize the selected pyrolysis parameters in pyroligneous acid production rate and quality from acacia twigs. The parameters varied were feedstock moisture content (10%, 15% and 20%), Pyrolysis residence time (90 minutes, 135 minutes and 180 minutes) and chimney inclination angle (30°, 45° and 60°). Smoke condensation system also known as heat exchanger was used for condensing the pyrolysis smoke in to pyroligneous acid. Response Surface Methodology technique by using Box-Behnken Design was used to develop a mathematical equation to predict the production rate and quality of the pyroligneous acid with respect to varied parameters which was later optimized to determine the optimal conditions for pyroligneous acid production rate and quality. The pyroligneous acid quality was based on its pH and density. The combined optimal conditions were 20% feedstock moisture content, 137.27 min pyrolysis residence time and 60° chimney inclination angle resulting to a density of 1.03 gcm^-3, pH of 3.01 and production rate of 0.19 kg/min (26.08%). The mathematical equation developed had a composite desirability of 0.9663 for pyroligneous acid production rate at p-value ≤0.05 which made it viable. These research findings are of importance since pyrolysis of the biomass material will maintain a balance in the environment and also serve as a source of livelihood when the products are sold as bio-fertilizer or bio-pesticides.

Published in	Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13
Page(s)	114-123
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biomass, Pyrolysis, Pyroligneous Acid, Optimization, Heat Exchanger, Response Surface Methodology

References

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[3]	Álvarez-Chávez, B. J., Godbout, S., Le Roux, É., Palacios, J. H., and Raghavan, V. (2019). Bio-oil yield and quality enhancement through fast pyrolysis and fractional condensation concepts. Biofuel Research Journal, 6 (4), 1054–1064. https://doi.org/10.18331/BRJ2019.6.4.2
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[5]	Hou, X., Qiu, L., Luo, S., Kang, K., Zhu, M., and Yao, Y. (2018). Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of wood vinegars at different pyrolysis temperature ranges obtained from Eucommia ulmoides Olivers branches. RSC Advances, 8 (71), 40941–40949. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA07491G
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[10]	Omulo, G., Banadda, N., Kabenge, I., and Seay, J. (2018). Optimizing slow pyrolysis of banana peels wastes using response surface methodology. Environmental Engineering Research, 24 (2), 354–361. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2018.269
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APA Style

Baqe Sharu Doti, Samwel Nyakach, Jane Nyaanga, Oscar Ingasia, Daudi Nyaanga. (2021). Optimization of Selected Pyrolysis Parameters in Pyroligneous Acid Production Rate and Quality from Acacia Twigs. Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, 6(4), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13

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ACS Style

Baqe Sharu Doti; Samwel Nyakach; Jane Nyaanga; Oscar Ingasia; Daudi Nyaanga. Optimization of Selected Pyrolysis Parameters in Pyroligneous Acid Production Rate and Quality from Acacia Twigs. J. Energy Environ. Chem. Eng. 2021, 6(4), 114-123. doi: 10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13

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AMA Style

Baqe Sharu Doti, Samwel Nyakach, Jane Nyaanga, Oscar Ingasia, Daudi Nyaanga. Optimization of Selected Pyrolysis Parameters in Pyroligneous Acid Production Rate and Quality from Acacia Twigs. J Energy Environ Chem Eng. 2021;6(4):114-123. doi: 10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13

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@article{10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13,
  author = {Baqe Sharu Doti and Samwel Nyakach and Jane Nyaanga and Oscar Ingasia and Daudi Nyaanga},
  title = {Optimization of Selected Pyrolysis Parameters in Pyroligneous Acid Production Rate and Quality from Acacia Twigs},
  journal = {Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {114-123},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeece.20210604.13},
  abstract = {Biomass material is a renewable source of energy which are readily available and being produced in large quantities as most of it goes to waste. These materials can be recovered through pyrolysis process in order to produce usable products like biochar and pyroligneous acid. These products can be used as bio-fertilizer and bio-pesticides. The aim of this research was to optimize the selected pyrolysis parameters in pyroligneous acid production rate and quality from acacia twigs. The parameters varied were feedstock moisture content (10%, 15% and 20%), Pyrolysis residence time (90 minutes, 135 minutes and 180 minutes) and chimney inclination angle (30°, 45° and 60°). Smoke condensation system also known as heat exchanger was used for condensing the pyrolysis smoke in to pyroligneous acid. Response Surface Methodology technique by using Box-Behnken Design was used to develop a mathematical equation to predict the production rate and quality of the pyroligneous acid with respect to varied parameters which was later optimized to determine the optimal conditions for pyroligneous acid production rate and quality. The pyroligneous acid quality was based on its pH and density. The combined optimal conditions were 20% feedstock moisture content, 137.27 min pyrolysis residence time and 60° chimney inclination angle resulting to a density of 1.03 gcm-3, pH of 3.01 and production rate of 0.19 kg/min (26.08%). The mathematical equation developed had a composite desirability of 0.9663 for pyroligneous acid production rate at p-value ≤0.05 which made it viable. These research findings are of importance since pyrolysis of the biomass material will maintain a balance in the environment and also serve as a source of livelihood when the products are sold as bio-fertilizer or bio-pesticides.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Optimization of Selected Pyrolysis Parameters in Pyroligneous Acid Production Rate and Quality from Acacia Twigs
AU  - Baqe Sharu Doti
AU  - Samwel Nyakach
AU  - Jane Nyaanga
AU  - Oscar Ingasia
AU  - Daudi Nyaanga
Y1  - 2021/10/21
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13
T2  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
JF  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
JO  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
SP  - 114
EP  - 123
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-434X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13
AB  - Biomass material is a renewable source of energy which are readily available and being produced in large quantities as most of it goes to waste. These materials can be recovered through pyrolysis process in order to produce usable products like biochar and pyroligneous acid. These products can be used as bio-fertilizer and bio-pesticides. The aim of this research was to optimize the selected pyrolysis parameters in pyroligneous acid production rate and quality from acacia twigs. The parameters varied were feedstock moisture content (10%, 15% and 20%), Pyrolysis residence time (90 minutes, 135 minutes and 180 minutes) and chimney inclination angle (30°, 45° and 60°). Smoke condensation system also known as heat exchanger was used for condensing the pyrolysis smoke in to pyroligneous acid. Response Surface Methodology technique by using Box-Behnken Design was used to develop a mathematical equation to predict the production rate and quality of the pyroligneous acid with respect to varied parameters which was later optimized to determine the optimal conditions for pyroligneous acid production rate and quality. The pyroligneous acid quality was based on its pH and density. The combined optimal conditions were 20% feedstock moisture content, 137.27 min pyrolysis residence time and 60° chimney inclination angle resulting to a density of 1.03 gcm-3, pH of 3.01 and production rate of 0.19 kg/min (26.08%). The mathematical equation developed had a composite desirability of 0.9663 for pyroligneous acid production rate at p-value ≤0.05 which made it viable. These research findings are of importance since pyrolysis of the biomass material will maintain a balance in the environment and also serve as a source of livelihood when the products are sold as bio-fertilizer or bio-pesticides.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Baqe Sharu Doti

Department of Agricultural Engineering, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
Samwel Nyakach

Department of Agricultural Engineering, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
Jane Nyaanga

Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
Oscar Ingasia

Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
Daudi Nyaanga

Department of Agricultural Engineering, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya

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APA Style

Baqe Sharu Doti, Samwel Nyakach, Jane Nyaanga, Oscar Ingasia, Daudi Nyaanga. (2021). Optimization of Selected Pyrolysis Parameters in Pyroligneous Acid Production Rate and Quality from Acacia Twigs. Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, 6(4), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13

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ACS Style

Baqe Sharu Doti; Samwel Nyakach; Jane Nyaanga; Oscar Ingasia; Daudi Nyaanga. Optimization of Selected Pyrolysis Parameters in Pyroligneous Acid Production Rate and Quality from Acacia Twigs. J. Energy Environ. Chem. Eng. 2021, 6(4), 114-123. doi: 10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13

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AMA Style

Baqe Sharu Doti, Samwel Nyakach, Jane Nyaanga, Oscar Ingasia, Daudi Nyaanga. Optimization of Selected Pyrolysis Parameters in Pyroligneous Acid Production Rate and Quality from Acacia Twigs. J Energy Environ Chem Eng. 2021;6(4):114-123. doi: 10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13,
  author = {Baqe Sharu Doti and Samwel Nyakach and Jane Nyaanga and Oscar Ingasia and Daudi Nyaanga},
  title = {Optimization of Selected Pyrolysis Parameters in Pyroligneous Acid Production Rate and Quality from Acacia Twigs},
  journal = {Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {114-123},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeece.20210604.13},
  abstract = {Biomass material is a renewable source of energy which are readily available and being produced in large quantities as most of it goes to waste. These materials can be recovered through pyrolysis process in order to produce usable products like biochar and pyroligneous acid. These products can be used as bio-fertilizer and bio-pesticides. The aim of this research was to optimize the selected pyrolysis parameters in pyroligneous acid production rate and quality from acacia twigs. The parameters varied were feedstock moisture content (10%, 15% and 20%), Pyrolysis residence time (90 minutes, 135 minutes and 180 minutes) and chimney inclination angle (30°, 45° and 60°). Smoke condensation system also known as heat exchanger was used for condensing the pyrolysis smoke in to pyroligneous acid. Response Surface Methodology technique by using Box-Behnken Design was used to develop a mathematical equation to predict the production rate and quality of the pyroligneous acid with respect to varied parameters which was later optimized to determine the optimal conditions for pyroligneous acid production rate and quality. The pyroligneous acid quality was based on its pH and density. The combined optimal conditions were 20% feedstock moisture content, 137.27 min pyrolysis residence time and 60° chimney inclination angle resulting to a density of 1.03 gcm-3, pH of 3.01 and production rate of 0.19 kg/min (26.08%). The mathematical equation developed had a composite desirability of 0.9663 for pyroligneous acid production rate at p-value ≤0.05 which made it viable. These research findings are of importance since pyrolysis of the biomass material will maintain a balance in the environment and also serve as a source of livelihood when the products are sold as bio-fertilizer or bio-pesticides.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Optimization of Selected Pyrolysis Parameters in Pyroligneous Acid Production Rate and Quality from Acacia Twigs
AU  - Baqe Sharu Doti
AU  - Samwel Nyakach
AU  - Jane Nyaanga
AU  - Oscar Ingasia
AU  - Daudi Nyaanga
Y1  - 2021/10/21
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13
T2  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
JF  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
JO  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
SP  - 114
EP  - 123
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-434X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20210604.13
AB  - Biomass material is a renewable source of energy which are readily available and being produced in large quantities as most of it goes to waste. These materials can be recovered through pyrolysis process in order to produce usable products like biochar and pyroligneous acid. These products can be used as bio-fertilizer and bio-pesticides. The aim of this research was to optimize the selected pyrolysis parameters in pyroligneous acid production rate and quality from acacia twigs. The parameters varied were feedstock moisture content (10%, 15% and 20%), Pyrolysis residence time (90 minutes, 135 minutes and 180 minutes) and chimney inclination angle (30°, 45° and 60°). Smoke condensation system also known as heat exchanger was used for condensing the pyrolysis smoke in to pyroligneous acid. Response Surface Methodology technique by using Box-Behnken Design was used to develop a mathematical equation to predict the production rate and quality of the pyroligneous acid with respect to varied parameters which was later optimized to determine the optimal conditions for pyroligneous acid production rate and quality. The pyroligneous acid quality was based on its pH and density. The combined optimal conditions were 20% feedstock moisture content, 137.27 min pyrolysis residence time and 60° chimney inclination angle resulting to a density of 1.03 gcm-3, pH of 3.01 and production rate of 0.19 kg/min (26.08%). The mathematical equation developed had a composite desirability of 0.9663 for pyroligneous acid production rate at p-value ≤0.05 which made it viable. These research findings are of importance since pyrolysis of the biomass material will maintain a balance in the environment and also serve as a source of livelihood when the products are sold as bio-fertilizer or bio-pesticides.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

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