Predicting the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children

Huseynova Ilhama Yelmar; Hasanov Alekber Qazanfar; Gafarov Ismayil Adil

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14

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Predicting the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children

Huseynova Ilhama Yelmar, Hasanov Alekber Qazanfar, Gafarov Ismayil Adil

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 6)

Received: 19 November 2022 Accepted: 7 December 2022 Published: 29 December 2022

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Abstract

Today, the relationship between cytokines in blood serum and the pathogenesis of the disease during COVID-19 in children has not yet been fully clarified. Research shows that the course of the disease in children is more satisfactory than in adults. However, the clinical profiles and pathophysiology of COVID-19 in children remain unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the level of cytokines in children with COVID-19 pneumonia and to study their role in predicting the severity of the disease. For this purpose, 75 children under the age of 18 were included. The patients included in the study were divided into 2 groups according to the degree of severity: 49 (65.3%) moderately severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were included in group I, and 26 (34.7%) patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were included in group II. Clinical, instrumental and laboratory examinations, determination of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, vitamin D, fibrinogen, ferritin and D-dimer levels were included in the examination methods of patients. Fever (66 cases (88.0%)) and cough (74 cases (98.7%)) were the most frequently reported cases. Laboratory examinations of blood in children with COVID-19 (PCR) showed a tendency to lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia, an increase in ESR, CRP, ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and cytokines levels. In comparison between groups, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 increased in group II compared to group I. Determination of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 in children with COVID-19 (PCR), depending on the severity of the disease, is appropriate for early diagnosis and prediction of the course of the disease.

Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14
Page(s)	176-184
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Children, COVID-19, Cytokine Profile, Prognosis

References

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APA Style

Huseynova Ilhama Yelmar, Hasanov Alekber Qazanfar, Gafarov Ismayil Adil. (2022). Predicting the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 10(6), 176-184. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14

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ACS Style

Huseynova Ilhama Yelmar; Hasanov Alekber Qazanfar; Gafarov Ismayil Adil. Predicting the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2022, 10(6), 176-184. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14

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AMA Style

Huseynova Ilhama Yelmar, Hasanov Alekber Qazanfar, Gafarov Ismayil Adil. Predicting the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2022;10(6):176-184. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14,
  author = {Huseynova Ilhama Yelmar and Hasanov Alekber Qazanfar and Gafarov Ismayil Adil},
  title = {Predicting the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {6},
  pages = {176-184},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20221006.14},
  abstract = {Today, the relationship between cytokines in blood serum and the pathogenesis of the disease during COVID-19 in children has not yet been fully clarified. Research shows that the course of the disease in children is more satisfactory than in adults. However, the clinical profiles and pathophysiology of COVID-19 in children remain unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the level of cytokines in children with COVID-19 pneumonia and to study their role in predicting the severity of the disease. For this purpose, 75 children under the age of 18 were included. The patients included in the study were divided into 2 groups according to the degree of severity: 49 (65.3%) moderately severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were included in group I, and 26 (34.7%) patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were included in group II. Clinical, instrumental and laboratory examinations, determination of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, vitamin D, fibrinogen, ferritin and D-dimer levels were included in the examination methods of patients. Fever (66 cases (88.0%)) and cough (74 cases (98.7%)) were the most frequently reported cases. Laboratory examinations of blood in children with COVID-19 (PCR) showed a tendency to lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia, an increase in ESR, CRP, ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and cytokines levels. In comparison between groups, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 increased in group II compared to group I. Determination of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 in children with COVID-19 (PCR), depending on the severity of the disease, is appropriate for early diagnosis and prediction of the course of the disease.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Predicting the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children
AU  - Huseynova Ilhama Yelmar
AU  - Hasanov Alekber Qazanfar
AU  - Gafarov Ismayil Adil
Y1  - 2022/12/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 176
EP  - 184
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14
AB  - Today, the relationship between cytokines in blood serum and the pathogenesis of the disease during COVID-19 in children has not yet been fully clarified. Research shows that the course of the disease in children is more satisfactory than in adults. However, the clinical profiles and pathophysiology of COVID-19 in children remain unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the level of cytokines in children with COVID-19 pneumonia and to study their role in predicting the severity of the disease. For this purpose, 75 children under the age of 18 were included. The patients included in the study were divided into 2 groups according to the degree of severity: 49 (65.3%) moderately severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were included in group I, and 26 (34.7%) patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were included in group II. Clinical, instrumental and laboratory examinations, determination of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, vitamin D, fibrinogen, ferritin and D-dimer levels were included in the examination methods of patients. Fever (66 cases (88.0%)) and cough (74 cases (98.7%)) were the most frequently reported cases. Laboratory examinations of blood in children with COVID-19 (PCR) showed a tendency to lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia, an increase in ESR, CRP, ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and cytokines levels. In comparison between groups, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 increased in group II compared to group I. Determination of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 in children with COVID-19 (PCR), depending on the severity of the disease, is appropriate for early diagnosis and prediction of the course of the disease.
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Huseynova Ilhama Yelmar

Department of Children's Diseases II, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
Hasanov Alekber Qazanfar

Department of Children's Diseases II, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
Gafarov Ismayil Adil

Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan

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Huseynova Ilhama Yelmar, Hasanov Alekber Qazanfar, Gafarov Ismayil Adil. (2022). Predicting the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 10(6), 176-184. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14

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ACS Style

Huseynova Ilhama Yelmar; Hasanov Alekber Qazanfar; Gafarov Ismayil Adil. Predicting the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2022, 10(6), 176-184. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14

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AMA Style

Huseynova Ilhama Yelmar, Hasanov Alekber Qazanfar, Gafarov Ismayil Adil. Predicting the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2022;10(6):176-184. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14,
  author = {Huseynova Ilhama Yelmar and Hasanov Alekber Qazanfar and Gafarov Ismayil Adil},
  title = {Predicting the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {6},
  pages = {176-184},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20221006.14},
  abstract = {Today, the relationship between cytokines in blood serum and the pathogenesis of the disease during COVID-19 in children has not yet been fully clarified. Research shows that the course of the disease in children is more satisfactory than in adults. However, the clinical profiles and pathophysiology of COVID-19 in children remain unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the level of cytokines in children with COVID-19 pneumonia and to study their role in predicting the severity of the disease. For this purpose, 75 children under the age of 18 were included. The patients included in the study were divided into 2 groups according to the degree of severity: 49 (65.3%) moderately severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were included in group I, and 26 (34.7%) patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were included in group II. Clinical, instrumental and laboratory examinations, determination of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, vitamin D, fibrinogen, ferritin and D-dimer levels were included in the examination methods of patients. Fever (66 cases (88.0%)) and cough (74 cases (98.7%)) were the most frequently reported cases. Laboratory examinations of blood in children with COVID-19 (PCR) showed a tendency to lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia, an increase in ESR, CRP, ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and cytokines levels. In comparison between groups, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 increased in group II compared to group I. Determination of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 in children with COVID-19 (PCR), depending on the severity of the disease, is appropriate for early diagnosis and prediction of the course of the disease.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Predicting the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children
AU  - Huseynova Ilhama Yelmar
AU  - Hasanov Alekber Qazanfar
AU  - Gafarov Ismayil Adil
Y1  - 2022/12/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 176
EP  - 184
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221006.14
AB  - Today, the relationship between cytokines in blood serum and the pathogenesis of the disease during COVID-19 in children has not yet been fully clarified. Research shows that the course of the disease in children is more satisfactory than in adults. However, the clinical profiles and pathophysiology of COVID-19 in children remain unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the level of cytokines in children with COVID-19 pneumonia and to study their role in predicting the severity of the disease. For this purpose, 75 children under the age of 18 were included. The patients included in the study were divided into 2 groups according to the degree of severity: 49 (65.3%) moderately severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were included in group I, and 26 (34.7%) patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were included in group II. Clinical, instrumental and laboratory examinations, determination of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, vitamin D, fibrinogen, ferritin and D-dimer levels were included in the examination methods of patients. Fever (66 cases (88.0%)) and cough (74 cases (98.7%)) were the most frequently reported cases. Laboratory examinations of blood in children with COVID-19 (PCR) showed a tendency to lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia, an increase in ESR, CRP, ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and cytokines levels. In comparison between groups, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 increased in group II compared to group I. Determination of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 in children with COVID-19 (PCR), depending on the severity of the disease, is appropriate for early diagnosis and prediction of the course of the disease.
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
ER  -

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