Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Impact on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Disease Progression: Virologic and Immunological Indices Outlook

Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu; Momoh Belinda Eseohe; Anowai Clementina Ogu; Akolo Yohanna Jaggu; David Ishaleku; Adamu Ishaku Akyala

doi:doi:10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16

Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Impact on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Disease Progression: Virologic and Immunological Indices Outlook

Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu, Momoh Belinda Eseohe, Anowai Clementina Ogu, Akolo Yohanna Jaggu, David Ishaleku, Adamu Ishaku Akyala

Published in Biomedical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 16 September 2021 Accepted: 13 October 2021 Published: 31 December 2021

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Abstract

Introduction: Due to the availability of anti-retroviral treatment (ART), infected individuals with HIV in Sub-Sahara Africa live longer with reduced mortality and morbidity. But there’s rising cases of co-infection with viral hepatitis, reliable data on Hepatitis V virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection prevalence among HIV infected adults in North Central Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 289 seropositive drug experienced HIV patients attending Federal Medical centre Keffi in Nasarawa State from December 2019 to march, 2020. The enrolled participants  18 years were tested for anti-HCV and HBsAg. Serological markers profile for Hepatitis B virus was performed on HBV positive samples. HBV DNA viral load and CD4+ T cells cunt were determined using BD faces analyser and CORBAS Tag-MAN Ampli-prep analyser (USA) respectively. Results: The HBV/HCV coinfection prevalence among sero-positive HIV drug experience patient was 5.1%. the prevalence of HBV-HIV and HCV- HIV coinfection were 9.5 and 9.3% respectively. Active viral carriers of HBeAg) were associated with HBV-HIV co-infected individuals was 8.6% and the HBeAg is associated with sever immune-suppression and decrease in CD4+ T cells and increase in viral load. Dependent risk factors for HCV-HBV-HIV infection are: CD4+ T cells OR; 0.4 (0.1-1.5), age 18-30years 2.1 (1.6-2.1), multiple sex partners 0.7 (0.1-2.3). Participants aged 18–30 years [OR=2.1 (1.6–2.1); p=0.046], male gender [OR=0.9 (0.3–1.4); p=0.034], CD4+ T cell count [OR=0.4 (0.1–1.5); p=0.045], History of Blood transfusion [OR=0.8 (0.2–4.0); p=0.012] and being married [OR=0.6 (0.2–4.3); p=0.039] were independent risk factors of HIV-HBV-HCV co-infections. Conclusion: Increase in viral load, severe immune suppression and decrease in CD4+ T Cells was predominant highlights in HBV, HCV coinfection amount HIV patients, increase HBV, HCV screening should be encouraged among seropositive HIV infected individuals.

Published in	Biomedical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16
Page(s)	124-130
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Suppression, Virological, Immunological, Mortality, Morbidity

References

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[3]	Noubiap JJN, Aka PV, Nanfack AJ, Agyingi LA, Ngai JN, Nyambi PN. Hepatitis B and C co-infections in some HIV-positive populations in Cameroon, West Central Africa: analysis of samples collected over more than a decade. PloS one. 2015; 10 (9): e0137375. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137375 PMID: 26371878.
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[5]	Otegbayo JA, Taiwo BO, Akingbola TS, Odaibo GN, Adedapo KS, Penugonda S, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C seropositivity in a Nigerian cohort of HIV-infected patients. Annals of hepatology. 2008; 7 (2): 152–6. PMID: 18626434.
[6]	van Griensven J, Phirum L, Choun K, Thai S, De Weggheleire A, Lynen L. Hepatitis B and C co-infection among HIV-infected adults while on antiretroviral treatment: long-term survival, CD4 cell count recovery and antiretroviral toxicity in Cambodia. PloS one. 2014; 9 (2): e88552. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088552 PMID: 24533106.
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[9]	WHO. Global policy report on the prevention and control of viral hepatitis in WHO Member States 2013 [Available from: http://appswhoint/iris/bitstream/10665/85397/1/9789241564632_engpdf.
[10]	Hernandez MD, Sherman KE. HIV/HCV coinfection natural history and disease progression, a review of the most recent literature. Current opinion in HIV and AIDS. 2011; 6 (6): 478. https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0b013e32834bd365 PMID: 22001892.
[11]	Weber R, Sabin CA, Friis-Moller N, Reiss P, El-Sadr WM, Kirk O, et al. Liver-related deaths in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: the D: A: D study. Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166 (15): 1632–41. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.15.1632 PMID: 16908797.
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Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu, Momoh Belinda Eseohe, Anowai Clementina Ogu, Akolo Yohanna Jaggu, David Ishaleku, et al. (2021). Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Impact on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Disease Progression: Virologic and Immunological Indices Outlook. Biomedical Sciences, 7(4), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16

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ACS Style

Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu; Momoh Belinda Eseohe; Anowai Clementina Ogu; Akolo Yohanna Jaggu; David Ishaleku, et al. Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Impact on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Disease Progression: Virologic and Immunological Indices Outlook. Biomed. Sci. 2021, 7(4), 124-130. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16

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AMA Style

Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu, Momoh Belinda Eseohe, Anowai Clementina Ogu, Akolo Yohanna Jaggu, David Ishaleku, et al. Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Impact on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Disease Progression: Virologic and Immunological Indices Outlook. Biomed Sci. 2021;7(4):124-130. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16

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@article{10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16,
  author = {Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu and Momoh Belinda Eseohe and Anowai Clementina Ogu and Akolo Yohanna Jaggu and David Ishaleku and Adamu Ishaku Akyala},
  title = {Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Impact on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Disease Progression: Virologic and Immunological Indices Outlook},
  journal = {Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {124-130},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bs.20210704.16},
  abstract = {Introduction: Due to the availability of anti-retroviral treatment (ART), infected individuals with HIV in Sub-Sahara Africa live longer with reduced mortality and morbidity. But there’s rising cases of co-infection with viral hepatitis, reliable data on Hepatitis V virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection prevalence among HIV infected adults in North Central Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 289 seropositive drug experienced HIV patients attending Federal Medical centre Keffi in Nasarawa State from December 2019 to march, 2020. The enrolled participants  18 years were tested for anti-HCV and HBsAg. Serological markers profile for Hepatitis B virus was performed on HBV positive samples. HBV DNA viral load and CD4+ T cells cunt were determined using BD faces analyser and CORBAS Tag-MAN Ampli-prep analyser (USA) respectively. Results: The HBV/HCV coinfection prevalence among sero-positive HIV drug experience patient was 5.1%. the prevalence of HBV-HIV and HCV- HIV coinfection were 9.5 and 9.3% respectively. Active viral carriers of HBeAg) were associated with HBV-HIV co-infected individuals was 8.6% and the HBeAg is associated with sever immune-suppression and decrease in CD4+ T cells and increase in viral load. Dependent risk factors for HCV-HBV-HIV infection are: CD4+ T cells OR; 0.4 (0.1-1.5), age 18-30years 2.1 (1.6-2.1), multiple sex partners 0.7 (0.1-2.3). Participants aged 18–30 years [OR=2.1 (1.6–2.1); p=0.046], male gender [OR=0.9 (0.3–1.4); p=0.034], CD4+ T cell count [OR=0.4 (0.1–1.5); p=0.045], History of Blood transfusion [OR=0.8 (0.2–4.0); p=0.012] and being married [OR=0.6 (0.2–4.3); p=0.039] were independent risk factors of HIV-HBV-HCV co-infections. Conclusion: Increase in viral load, severe immune suppression and decrease in CD4+ T Cells was predominant highlights in HBV, HCV coinfection amount HIV patients, increase HBV, HCV screening should be encouraged among seropositive HIV infected individuals.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Impact on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Disease Progression: Virologic and Immunological Indices Outlook
AU  - Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu
AU  - Momoh Belinda Eseohe
AU  - Anowai Clementina Ogu
AU  - Akolo Yohanna Jaggu
AU  - David Ishaleku
AU  - Adamu Ishaku Akyala
Y1  - 2021/12/31
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16
T2  - Biomedical Sciences
JF  - Biomedical Sciences
JO  - Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 124
EP  - 130
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3932
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16
AB  - Introduction: Due to the availability of anti-retroviral treatment (ART), infected individuals with HIV in Sub-Sahara Africa live longer with reduced mortality and morbidity. But there’s rising cases of co-infection with viral hepatitis, reliable data on Hepatitis V virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection prevalence among HIV infected adults in North Central Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 289 seropositive drug experienced HIV patients attending Federal Medical centre Keffi in Nasarawa State from December 2019 to march, 2020. The enrolled participants  18 years were tested for anti-HCV and HBsAg. Serological markers profile for Hepatitis B virus was performed on HBV positive samples. HBV DNA viral load and CD4+ T cells cunt were determined using BD faces analyser and CORBAS Tag-MAN Ampli-prep analyser (USA) respectively. Results: The HBV/HCV coinfection prevalence among sero-positive HIV drug experience patient was 5.1%. the prevalence of HBV-HIV and HCV- HIV coinfection were 9.5 and 9.3% respectively. Active viral carriers of HBeAg) were associated with HBV-HIV co-infected individuals was 8.6% and the HBeAg is associated with sever immune-suppression and decrease in CD4+ T cells and increase in viral load. Dependent risk factors for HCV-HBV-HIV infection are: CD4+ T cells OR; 0.4 (0.1-1.5), age 18-30years 2.1 (1.6-2.1), multiple sex partners 0.7 (0.1-2.3). Participants aged 18–30 years [OR=2.1 (1.6–2.1); p=0.046], male gender [OR=0.9 (0.3–1.4); p=0.034], CD4+ T cell count [OR=0.4 (0.1–1.5); p=0.045], History of Blood transfusion [OR=0.8 (0.2–4.0); p=0.012] and being married [OR=0.6 (0.2–4.3); p=0.039] were independent risk factors of HIV-HBV-HCV co-infections. Conclusion: Increase in viral load, severe immune suppression and decrease in CD4+ T Cells was predominant highlights in HBV, HCV coinfection amount HIV patients, increase HBV, HCV screening should be encouraged among seropositive HIV infected individuals.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
Momoh Belinda Eseohe

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
Anowai Clementina Ogu

Primary Health Care Board, Federal Capital Territory Administration, Abuja, Nigeria
Akolo Yohanna Jaggu

Public Health Department, University of Abuja Teaching Hospitals, Gwagwalada, FCT Abuja, Nigeria
David Ishaleku

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
Adamu Ishaku Akyala

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria

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Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu, Momoh Belinda Eseohe, Anowai Clementina Ogu, Akolo Yohanna Jaggu, David Ishaleku, et al. (2021). Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Impact on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Disease Progression: Virologic and Immunological Indices Outlook. Biomedical Sciences, 7(4), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16

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ACS Style

Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu; Momoh Belinda Eseohe; Anowai Clementina Ogu; Akolo Yohanna Jaggu; David Ishaleku, et al. Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Impact on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Disease Progression: Virologic and Immunological Indices Outlook. Biomed. Sci. 2021, 7(4), 124-130. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16

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AMA Style

Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu, Momoh Belinda Eseohe, Anowai Clementina Ogu, Akolo Yohanna Jaggu, David Ishaleku, et al. Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Impact on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Disease Progression: Virologic and Immunological Indices Outlook. Biomed Sci. 2021;7(4):124-130. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16,
  author = {Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu and Momoh Belinda Eseohe and Anowai Clementina Ogu and Akolo Yohanna Jaggu and David Ishaleku and Adamu Ishaku Akyala},
  title = {Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Impact on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Disease Progression: Virologic and Immunological Indices Outlook},
  journal = {Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {124-130},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bs.20210704.16},
  abstract = {Introduction: Due to the availability of anti-retroviral treatment (ART), infected individuals with HIV in Sub-Sahara Africa live longer with reduced mortality and morbidity. But there’s rising cases of co-infection with viral hepatitis, reliable data on Hepatitis V virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection prevalence among HIV infected adults in North Central Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 289 seropositive drug experienced HIV patients attending Federal Medical centre Keffi in Nasarawa State from December 2019 to march, 2020. The enrolled participants  18 years were tested for anti-HCV and HBsAg. Serological markers profile for Hepatitis B virus was performed on HBV positive samples. HBV DNA viral load and CD4+ T cells cunt were determined using BD faces analyser and CORBAS Tag-MAN Ampli-prep analyser (USA) respectively. Results: The HBV/HCV coinfection prevalence among sero-positive HIV drug experience patient was 5.1%. the prevalence of HBV-HIV and HCV- HIV coinfection were 9.5 and 9.3% respectively. Active viral carriers of HBeAg) were associated with HBV-HIV co-infected individuals was 8.6% and the HBeAg is associated with sever immune-suppression and decrease in CD4+ T cells and increase in viral load. Dependent risk factors for HCV-HBV-HIV infection are: CD4+ T cells OR; 0.4 (0.1-1.5), age 18-30years 2.1 (1.6-2.1), multiple sex partners 0.7 (0.1-2.3). Participants aged 18–30 years [OR=2.1 (1.6–2.1); p=0.046], male gender [OR=0.9 (0.3–1.4); p=0.034], CD4+ T cell count [OR=0.4 (0.1–1.5); p=0.045], History of Blood transfusion [OR=0.8 (0.2–4.0); p=0.012] and being married [OR=0.6 (0.2–4.3); p=0.039] were independent risk factors of HIV-HBV-HCV co-infections. Conclusion: Increase in viral load, severe immune suppression and decrease in CD4+ T Cells was predominant highlights in HBV, HCV coinfection amount HIV patients, increase HBV, HCV screening should be encouraged among seropositive HIV infected individuals.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Impact on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Disease Progression: Virologic and Immunological Indices Outlook
AU  - Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu
AU  - Momoh Belinda Eseohe
AU  - Anowai Clementina Ogu
AU  - Akolo Yohanna Jaggu
AU  - David Ishaleku
AU  - Adamu Ishaku Akyala
Y1  - 2021/12/31
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16
T2  - Biomedical Sciences
JF  - Biomedical Sciences
JO  - Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 124
EP  - 130
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3932
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20210704.16
AB  - Introduction: Due to the availability of anti-retroviral treatment (ART), infected individuals with HIV in Sub-Sahara Africa live longer with reduced mortality and morbidity. But there’s rising cases of co-infection with viral hepatitis, reliable data on Hepatitis V virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection prevalence among HIV infected adults in North Central Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 289 seropositive drug experienced HIV patients attending Federal Medical centre Keffi in Nasarawa State from December 2019 to march, 2020. The enrolled participants  18 years were tested for anti-HCV and HBsAg. Serological markers profile for Hepatitis B virus was performed on HBV positive samples. HBV DNA viral load and CD4+ T cells cunt were determined using BD faces analyser and CORBAS Tag-MAN Ampli-prep analyser (USA) respectively. Results: The HBV/HCV coinfection prevalence among sero-positive HIV drug experience patient was 5.1%. the prevalence of HBV-HIV and HCV- HIV coinfection were 9.5 and 9.3% respectively. Active viral carriers of HBeAg) were associated with HBV-HIV co-infected individuals was 8.6% and the HBeAg is associated with sever immune-suppression and decrease in CD4+ T cells and increase in viral load. Dependent risk factors for HCV-HBV-HIV infection are: CD4+ T cells OR; 0.4 (0.1-1.5), age 18-30years 2.1 (1.6-2.1), multiple sex partners 0.7 (0.1-2.3). Participants aged 18–30 years [OR=2.1 (1.6–2.1); p=0.046], male gender [OR=0.9 (0.3–1.4); p=0.034], CD4+ T cell count [OR=0.4 (0.1–1.5); p=0.045], History of Blood transfusion [OR=0.8 (0.2–4.0); p=0.012] and being married [OR=0.6 (0.2–4.3); p=0.039] were independent risk factors of HIV-HBV-HCV co-infections. Conclusion: Increase in viral load, severe immune suppression and decrease in CD4+ T Cells was predominant highlights in HBV, HCV coinfection amount HIV patients, increase HBV, HCV screening should be encouraged among seropositive HIV infected individuals.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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