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Pattern of Cardiac Abnormalities in Children < 5 Years of Age - Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Md. Abu Sayeed,
Mahbubur Rahman,
Abu Sayed Munshi,
Dilruba Ibrahim Dipti
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
99-102
Received:
25 August 2021
Accepted:
14 October 2021
Published:
28 October 2021
Abstract: Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common birth defects, responsible for nearly one-third of all congenital birth defects. The birth prevalence of CHD is reported to be 8-12/1000 live births. Early diagnosis of Congenital as well acquired heart diseases are of paramount important for timely management plan and intervention and thus reduce the mortality and morbidity of childhood heart disease patients. Method: This is a prospective observational study carried out during January 2020 to December’ 2020 at Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Bangladesh. The study population were 100 enrolled cardiac Children who were clinically suggestive of having cardiac disease evaluated through chest X-ray, ECG, Echocardiography and other necessary Investigation. Proper informed consent was taken under the study and purpose of the study was explained. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. All data were processed, analyzed, and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 26 as per need. Results: Among the 100 enrolled cardiac patient 87 were diagnosed to have congenital heart disease and remaining 13% percent presented with acquired heart disease. Out of 87 patients suffering from congenital heart disease 59 (67.81%) had acyanotic heart disease where Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is in the top of the list 27 (31.34%). Cyanotic congenital heart disease was found in 28 (32.19%) where Tetralogy of fallot (TOF) was the most common lesion 9 (10.34%). Conclusion: Childhood Heart diseases are responsible for a significant number of mortality and morbidity. Earlier detection and timely initiative regarding medical or surgical management is of utmost importance to avoid complications, reduce mortality and improve quality of life.
Abstract: Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common birth defects, responsible for nearly one-third of all congenital birth defects. The birth prevalence of CHD is reported to be 8-12/1000 live births. Early diagnosis of Congenital as well acquired heart diseases are of paramount important for timely management plan and intervention an...
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Prevalent Bacterial Organism in the Burn Wound Unit at Mbagathi Hospital, Nairobi Kenya
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
103-107
Received:
13 October 2021
Accepted:
30 October 2021
Published:
10 November 2021
Abstract: Burn injuries constitute a critical economic burden on healthcare infrastructures worldwide. They are often associated with high mortality rates due to severe complications Burn wounds are commonly infected by microorganisms that delay wound healing which carries considerable mortality and morbidity. The study assessed the prevalent microorganisms causing burn wound infections among hospitalized patients at Mbagathi Hospital, Nairobi Kenya. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between May 2021 and August 2021. It included adult patients in burnt wound unit of age range 18years to70 years. Results from records of pus swabs were used to acquire data on the identification of prevalent bacterial pathogens. Pus swabs were obtained aseptically from 100 consented patients with clinical evidence of burn infections. Gram stain, culture, biochemical tests were done for each pus swab. The preponderant isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (11%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%), Proteus mirabilis (6%), Escherichia coli (5%) and Klebsiella pnemonie spp. (1%). The diversity of microorganisms and the high prevalence of polymicrobic flora in this study give credence to the value of identifying Sone or more bacterial pathogens from wound cultures. Continuous dialogue between the microbiology department and wound care practitioners and education of patients on personal hygiene is strongly advised. Use of molecular techniques to confirm the DNA analogs of the pathogens against the drugs which may assist in the antibiotic therapy resistance is recommended for further research.
Abstract: Burn injuries constitute a critical economic burden on healthcare infrastructures worldwide. They are often associated with high mortality rates due to severe complications Burn wounds are commonly infected by microorganisms that delay wound healing which carries considerable mortality and morbidity. The study assessed the prevalent microorganisms ...
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Clinical Symptoms and Treatment Options of Oesophageal Cancer: Study in a Tertiary Level Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Muhammad Mehedi Hasan,
Dipannita Biswas,
Md. Iftakhar Alam,
Md. Kamrul Hasan,
Biplab Kumar Barman,
Md. Abu Bakar Siddiq Faysal
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
108-113
Received:
19 October 2021
Accepted:
19 November 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Background: Oesophageal cancer is cancer that's found anywhere in the oesophagus, sometimes called the gullet or food pipe. The oesophagus connects your mouth to your stomach. How serious oesophageal cancer is, depends on where it is in the oesophagus, how big it is, if it has spread, and your general health. The present study was done to Clinical Symptoms and Treatment Options of Oesophageal Cancer in the tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This Descriptive cross-sectional study was done at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from August 2015 to February 2016. A total of 50 oesophageal cancer patients between 30-80 years of age attending the Thoracic Surgery Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital during the last 6 months were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were patients/attendants unwilling to give informed consent to take part in the study and patients with economic constraints to do the necessary investigations. Proper informed consent were taken from the concerns before collecting data. Collected data were classified, edited, coded, and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using SPSS version 22. Results: Among the 50 cases, the mean age was 52.92 (±10.60) years, the minimum age was 30 years and the maximum age was 80 years. Maximum 76% were male and 24% were female, male: female ratio was 19:6. Regarding treatment options of esophageal cancer, the majority 76% were selected for operative procedure, 10% for chemotherapy, 2% for radiotherapy, and the rest of 12% for palliation. Conclusion: Predominant personal history was smoking, white tobacco chewing, betel nut, betel leaf, and alcohol consumption. Most of the oesophageal cancers were middle and lower third. Majority of the oesophageal cancers were squamous cell carcinoma of different grades. Regarding TNM staging most of the oesophageal cancers were T2 disease.
Abstract: Background: Oesophageal cancer is cancer that's found anywhere in the oesophagus, sometimes called the gullet or food pipe. The oesophagus connects your mouth to your stomach. How serious oesophageal cancer is, depends on where it is in the oesophagus, how big it is, if it has spread, and your general health. The present study was done to Clinical ...
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Sterility Assessment of Some Face Masks for Public Use During COVID-19 Pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria
Toyosi Yekeen Raheem,
Kazeem Osuolale,
Samuel Kayode Akindele,
Oluranti Ojerinola,
Samuel Amoo,
Ahmed Ismaila Ochacha
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
114-119
Received:
24 October 2021
Accepted:
18 November 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Globally, the use of face masks is one of the non-pharmaceutical interventions recommended as a method of preventing spread of SARS-CoV-2. Lagos State was an epicenter of COVID-19 and as such, the State Government made the use of facemasks mandatory while in the public and social gatherings. Due to the alarming rate of spread of COVID-19 pandemic, shortage of masks and respirators has been observed and reported globally. This has led to production and use of different types of facemasks including locally made facemasks of different fabrics. A total of 400 consisting of 200 made of local fabrics, 100 imported face/surgical masks and 100 N95 respirators were selected from different sources in Lagos State between May 2020 and November 2020. Samples were immersed aseptically into conical flask containing 100ml Nutrient broth and incubated 18-24hrs. The broth culture was sub-cultured onto Sabouroid Dextrose Agar in duplicates. One of the SDA was incubated at room temperature and the other at 37°C. Blood, Chocolate and MacConkey agar plates were also inoculated and incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hrs. Isolates were identified using phenotypic identification methods. Of the total 400 samples, 346 (86.5%) had no bacterial or fungal growth while 44 (11.0%) had one bacterial isolate and 10 (2.5%) had mixed growth of bacterial isolates. Of the 200 locally-made face masks, 39 (19.5%) had one bacterial isolate and 9 (4.5%) had two bacterial isolates and 5 (2.5%) had fungal isolates while out of the 100 imported surgical masks, only 4 (4.0%) had one bacterial isolate and one (1.0%) had mixed growth of bacterial isolates. One (1.0%) of the imported N95 respirator had only one bacterial isolate (Lactobacilli spp). Generally, the isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Lactobacilli species while fungal isolates were Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The locally-made face masks were contaminated with both bacterial and fungal isolates. Face masks with no bacterial or fungal growth had a p-value of 0.02 and it is statistically significant in terms of the face masks tested in this study. Face masks with one bacterial isolate had a p value of 0.35 and those mixed growth of two different bacterial and fungal isolates had a p value of 0.36 which indicated a non-statistically significant results of the face mask tested in these categories. Locally made face masks were more contaminated with single or mixed bacterial and fungal agents. Cautionary use of the masks is recommended.
Abstract: Globally, the use of face masks is one of the non-pharmaceutical interventions recommended as a method of preventing spread of SARS-CoV-2. Lagos State was an epicenter of COVID-19 and as such, the State Government made the use of facemasks mandatory while in the public and social gatherings. Due to the alarming rate of spread of COVID-19 pandemic, ...
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Naturally Occurring Genetic Deletions or Insertions in Basal Core Promoter and PreS1 Region Do Not Critically Affect Hepatitis B Virus Replication
Yihan Xiao,
Zongxin Li,
Xiuji Cui,
Yunfan Quan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
120-123
Received:
11 December 2021
Accepted:
23 December 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
Abstract: Objective: Naturally occurring genetic deletions and insertions in basal core promoter (BCP) and PreS1 region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were frequently detected in sera of chronic hepatitis B patient and these genetic variants are related to the poor response to antiviral treatment as well as the progression of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, the aim of the study was to understand the effect of genetic deletions and insertions in BCP and PreS1 region on viral replication competence. Methods: HBV DNA was extracted from the sera of a chronically HBV infected patient and the whole HBV genome was amplified by PCR method. The genome was then cloned into the pCDNA3.1 vector to construct HBV-expressing plasmid, which were used to transfect HepG2 cells. The intracellular HBV DNA was detected by Southern blot method. Results: All cloned HBV genomes carried genetic deletion or insertion in the BCP and PreS1 region. However, these mutations did not seem to affect the competence of viral replication. Conclusion: Although the genetic deletion reported here may not affect the HBV replication, patients with such genetic variation should be carefully monitored during the therapy because deletions in the BCP and PreS1 are associated with progression of liver disease.
Abstract: Objective: Naturally occurring genetic deletions and insertions in basal core promoter (BCP) and PreS1 region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were frequently detected in sera of chronic hepatitis B patient and these genetic variants are related to the poor response to antiviral treatment as well as the progression of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular c...
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Viral Hepatitis Co-infection Impact on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Disease Progression: Virologic and Immunological Indices Outlook
Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu,
Momoh Belinda Eseohe,
Anowai Clementina Ogu,
Akolo Yohanna Jaggu,
David Ishaleku,
Adamu Ishaku Akyala
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
124-130
Received:
16 September 2021
Accepted:
13 October 2021
Published:
31 December 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Due to the availability of anti-retroviral treatment (ART), infected individuals with HIV in Sub-Sahara Africa live longer with reduced mortality and morbidity. But there’s rising cases of co-infection with viral hepatitis, reliable data on Hepatitis V virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection prevalence among HIV infected adults in North Central Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 289 seropositive drug experienced HIV patients attending Federal Medical centre Keffi in Nasarawa State from December 2019 to march, 2020. The enrolled participants 18 years were tested for anti-HCV and HBsAg. Serological markers profile for Hepatitis B virus was performed on HBV positive samples. HBV DNA viral load and CD4+ T cells cunt were determined using BD faces analyser and CORBAS Tag-MAN Ampli-prep analyser (USA) respectively. Results: The HBV/HCV coinfection prevalence among sero-positive HIV drug experience patient was 5.1%. the prevalence of HBV-HIV and HCV- HIV coinfection were 9.5 and 9.3% respectively. Active viral carriers of HBeAg) were associated with HBV-HIV co-infected individuals was 8.6% and the HBeAg is associated with sever immune-suppression and decrease in CD4+ T cells and increase in viral load. Dependent risk factors for HCV-HBV-HIV infection are: CD4+ T cells OR; 0.4 (0.1-1.5), age 18-30years 2.1 (1.6-2.1), multiple sex partners 0.7 (0.1-2.3). Participants aged 18–30 years [OR=2.1 (1.6–2.1); p=0.046], male gender [OR=0.9 (0.3–1.4); p=0.034], CD4+ T cell count [OR=0.4 (0.1–1.5); p=0.045], History of Blood transfusion [OR=0.8 (0.2–4.0); p=0.012] and being married [OR=0.6 (0.2–4.3); p=0.039] were independent risk factors of HIV-HBV-HCV co-infections. Conclusion: Increase in viral load, severe immune suppression and decrease in CD4+ T Cells was predominant highlights in HBV, HCV coinfection amount HIV patients, increase HBV, HCV screening should be encouraged among seropositive HIV infected individuals.
Abstract: Introduction: Due to the availability of anti-retroviral treatment (ART), infected individuals with HIV in Sub-Sahara Africa live longer with reduced mortality and morbidity. But there’s rising cases of co-infection with viral hepatitis, reliable data on Hepatitis V virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection prevalence among HIV infected adults ...
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